Novel is a literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete stories and environmental descriptions. "Fiction" comes from foreign things in Zhuangzi. Character, plot and environment are the three elements of a novel. The plot generally includes four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending, and some also include prologue and ending. Environment includes natural environment and social environment. Novels can be divided into novels, novellas, short stories and mini-novels (short stories) according to their length and capacity.
The value essence of the novel takes time as the sequence and one or several characters as the main line, which reflects the process of the emergence, development and disappearance of the value relations (political relations, economic relations and cultural relations) of various roles in social life in a very detailed and comprehensive way. Show the interaction of various value relationships in a very detailed and comprehensive way.
Describe the character description, the angle of character description. Character description is divided into: language, psychology, manners, actions, identity, appearance, body shape and dress. The angle of character description is divided into: (1) positive description: the author describes the protagonist. ⑵ Profile description: The characters in the novel describe the protagonist.
Describe (1) the time sequence and separate the simultaneous events. (2) Flashback (memory): (1) Tell the results first, then the reasons. The way of memory tells the reason and reveals the mystery. (2) Touch the scene or touch things to recall the past. Sometimes I feel sad because things are different. (3) Insert (subplots) ① Insert at the beginning: a prelude to explain the background of the story. (2) middle insertion: a secondary plot that paves the way for the main story.
Lyric direct lyric (direct lyric can make feelings simple, real and shocking. Direct lyric is generally suitable for expressing strong and nervous feelings. Direct lyric is characterized by strong feelings, fast pace, tension, straightforward feelings and easy to grasp. Indirect lyric: there is something in the words, something in the words, and something in the things. (characterized by lyrical implication, rich charm and strong appeal. )
Contradiction is the fundamental driving force for the development of things. Because there are contradictions, we must find ways to solve them, and in this process, things will develop. The emergence, maintenance, extension and elimination of contradictions. If the contradiction is resolved early, the story will end early, so it is necessary to maintain and prolong the contradiction.
Foreshadowing: paving the way for the future plot and creating a "cause" in order to produce future "results". (1) gradually set up a mystery to attract readers' curiosity and gradually uncover the mystery with the development of the story. If you don't understand at first, you will gradually understand with the development of the story. ⑵ Dream: Get inspiration from it. The reader thought it was true, but later he knew it was a dream. ⑶ Interrupt: Say half of one thing first, not the other half. When the story develops to a certain extent and the other half is told, it becomes a complete thing.
Supporting role (1) Front supporting role: (1) Ability and the protagonist complement each other and help the protagonist finish things. (2) The necessary condition or intermediary for the protagonist to finish things. (2) Negative supporting role: (1) The enemy creates contradictions. 2 competitors. A positive supporting role may also become a negative supporting role, and a negative supporting role may also become a positive supporting role.
Rhetoric metaphor can be divided into simile, metaphor and metonymy. Metonymy: replacing one thing with something related to it. (Metaphor emphasizes "metaphor" and metonymy emphasizes "generation") personification: using human characteristics to express things. Imitation: using the characteristics of things to express people. Exaggeration: to enlarge or reduce the characteristics of things. Echo: I wrote something, and this thing appeared later. Contrast: It is a metaphor that compares two different things or two aspects of the same thing together.
For example, some people are alive but dead; Some people died, but he is still alive. (Cang Kejia's Some People) Setting off: Setting off things with similar conditions is a positive contrast, and setting off things with opposite conditions is a negative contrast. Conjunction: a rhetorical device to describe thing B conveniently with words suitable for thing A. For example, although my ears are deaf, my heart is not deaf. Transferred epithet: The word that originally described thing A was transferred to thing B, not thing A. ..
For example, Zhang San extended a kind hand to Li Si. Parallelism: consistent structure, consistent tone and relevant meaning. Duality: the structure is consistent, and the meaning is relative or similar. Thimble (also called thimble): The last word of the previous sentence serves as the beginning word of the next sentence. To improve, first suppress: to say something is good, first say its bad aspects. To suppress, publicize first: to speak ill, speak well first. Quote: Quote famous words and sentences.