1, typhoon rescue
What is the wind speed of the typhoon? No one really knows, because the time from typhoon occurrence to dissipation is very short, and the action area is very small, so that the existing detection instruments are not sensitive enough to accurately observe the typhoon. Relatively speaking, Doppler radar is an effective and commonly used observation instrument. Doppler radar aims at the microwave beam emitted by the typhoon, and the microwave signal is reflected by the debris and raindrops in the typhoon and received by the radar. If the typhoon is far away from the radar, the frequency of the reflected microwave signal will move to the low frequency direction; On the contrary, if the typhoon is closer to the radar, the reflected signal will move in the high frequency direction. After receiving the signal, the radar operator can calculate the wind speed and moving direction by analyzing the frequency shift data. In this way, we can take some preventive measures against typhoons.
(1) When a typhoon strikes, open the doors and windows, balance the indoor and outdoor air pressure, and prevent the strong wind from blowing off the roof and knocking down the walls.
(2) indoors, people should protect their heads and squat down facing the wall.
(3) When encountering a typhoon in the wild, you should quickly move in the opposite direction or sideways to avoid it. (4) When the typhoon has reached your eyes, look for a low-lying place to get down, close your mouth and eyes, and protect your head with your hands and arms to prevent being hit by flying objects.
(5) If the bus encounters a typhoon, you should get off and avoid it, and don't stay in the car.
2, flood self-help
The prevention and control of flood disaster includes two aspects: on the one hand, it is to reduce the possibility of flood disaster, on the other hand, it is to minimize the loss of flood disaster as much as possible. Strengthening dike construction, river regulation and reservoir engineering construction are direct measures to avoid floods, and long-term and lasting soil and water conservation can fundamentally reduce the probability of floods. Scientific flood and weather forecast and reasonable flood storage and detention area planning can reduce the loss of flood disasters. Establishing an emergency system for flood control and emergency rescue is the last measure to reduce disaster losses.
(1) threatened by flood, if there is enough time, it should be moved to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. Let the water transfer as much as possible.
(2) When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls, take refuge temporarily and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone.
(3) In mountainous areas, if there is continuous rainstorm, mountain torrents are prone to occur. In this case, we should pay attention to avoid crossing the river and being washed away by mountain torrents, and also pay attention to preventing landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.
(4) It is found that the high-voltage tower topples, and the wires drop or break; Stay away from danger, don't touch or get close to it to prevent electric shock.
(5) After the flood, it is necessary to take medicine for epidemic prevention, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, and avoid infectious diseases.
3, earthquake self-help
Earthquake? The stretching movement of the earth brings endless threats to people's lives and property, and it is a serious natural disaster that affects the national economy and people's livelihood. 1906 The San Francisco earthquake caused more than 380,000 indirect or direct injuries and countless economic losses.
Predicting earthquakes is the key to earthquake prevention. According to the time of earthquake, prediction can be divided into medium and long-term prediction, short-term prediction and pre-earthquake prediction. The medium and long-term prediction is mainly carried out through the investigation and study of earthquake and geological conditions. Short-term prediction depends not only on the investigation and study of earthquake and geological conditions, but also on the use of various monitoring means. Pre-earthquake prediction mainly depends on various monitoring means. Earthquake monitoring mainly uses various instruments and equipment to study various physical changes that are taking place in rocks. The seismograph continuously records weak earthquake energy, and the trend of earthquake occurrence can be inferred by analyzing the research records. In addition, the abnormal reaction of weather and animals, the generation of ground light and ground sound are also precursors of the coming earthquake.
(1) If an earthquake suddenly occurs in a bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table and cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins, etc. Then leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses in the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before going in or out or waiting for rescue.
(2) If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as bathroom and kitchen. You can also hide under tables, cabinets and other furniture and in the corner of the room, paying attention to protecting your head. Never hide under the balcony or window. (3) If there is an earthquake in class, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or struggle to get out. Students near the door can run outside quickly, and students in the middle and back rows can hide under the desks as soon as possible and cover their heads with schoolbags; Students who lean against the wall should stick to the root of the wall and cover their heads with their hands.
4, lightning weather self-help
(1) Stay indoors and close the doors and windows; When you can't hide in a building with lightning protection facilities in the wild, you should take off your watches, glasses and other metal objects, and never take shelter from the rain near power sources, trees and telephone poles. Minimize the height of the car body to reduce the risk of being directly struck by lightning; Feet should be as close as possible, the less contact with the ground, the better, and the less? Step voltage? ; The best shelter in the wild is caves, ditches, canyons or open spaces under big trees.
(2) Don't use TV, audio and other electrical appliances without lightning protection measures or with insufficient lightning protection measures. Keep away from open doors and windows and metal pipes. Unplug the electrical appliance and turn off the electrical appliance and natural gas switch. Never use hair dryers, electric razors, etc. It is not advisable to use a faucet.
(3) Do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, building external walls and other similar metal devices, and do not collect clothes on clotheslines or iron wires. Do not install telephones or wires, pipes or building steel. Never handle flammable items carried in open containers.
(4) Don't or reduce the use of telephones and mobile phones. Keep away from iron fences, metal clotheslines and rails. Don't stand on the top of the mountain, on the roof or near objects with high conductivity. It is not suitable to enter and approach low-rise buildings such as buildings without lightning protection facilities, garages, carports, temporary shacks and sentry boxes.
(5) Do not swim or engage in other water sports or activities, and do not stay in swimming pools, lakes, beaches, paddy fields and boats. Not suitable for outdoor ball games, holding an umbrella in the open space, carrying a hoe, shovel, badminton racket, fishing rod and golf club on his shoulder.
(6) If there are ants crawling away on the head, neck and hands during thunder and lightning, and the hair stands up, it means that lightning is about to happen. Get down on the ground quickly to reduce the risk of being hit by lightning, and take away the metal ornaments, hairpins and necklaces you wear. After the thunder and lightning, ask others for help.
(7) Riding a horse, riding a bicycle, driving a motorcycle and an open tractor are not suitable. Cars are often excellent lightning protection facilities. Because of their shielding effect, even if they are hit by lightning, they will not hurt people.
(8) If you see a high-voltage line that has been struck by lightning outdoors, you should be vigilant at this time, because there is something near the breakpoint of the high-voltage line? Step voltage? People nearby must not run at this time, but should jump off the scene with their feet together.
(9) If it is too late to leave a tall object in the outdoor thunderstorm, you should immediately find some dry insulation and sit on it with your feet crossed. Don't put your feet on the ground outside insulation, because water can conduct electricity.
(10) When avoiding thunderstorm outdoors, be careful not to hold the ground with your hands, and at the same time hold your knees with your hands, keep your chest close to your knees, and keep your head as low as possible, because your head is more vulnerable to lightning than other parts of your body.
(1 1) Hearing thunder within a few seconds of seeing lightning outdoors means that you are in a dangerous environment. At this time, you should stop walking, put your feet together and squat down immediately. Don't get involved with people. It is best to use plastic rain gear and raincoat.
Help yourself in foggy weather.
Outdoor activities, especially some strenuous activities, should be minimized in foggy days. Drink plenty of water and pay attention to rest. If you have to go out, you must wear a mask when you come back, wash your face and expose your skin immediately. The fog is coming, so the morning exercise should be suspended. The fog is usually thickest in the morning. At this time, sports will inhale a lot of harmful substances, causing diseases of throat, trachea and conjunctiva; Avoid running in fog for a long time. Because there is more water vapor in the fog, the oxygen content is relatively less, and people run for a long time, the demand for oxygen increases sharply, which is prone to dizziness, nausea, fatigue and other symptoms.
(1) Pay attention to a light diet and eat less irritating food. If you feel unwell, you can take some cold granules or buccal tablets preventively. In the meantime, stay alert? Wet and cold? Diseases, fog at low temperature in winter, hinder the normal evaporation and heat dissipation of human body, have adverse effects on nephropathy, complications and chronic waist and leg diseases, and are easy to induce arthritis. So wear more clothes and pay attention to moisture and warmth.
(2) The foggy weather is easy to cause carbon monoxide poisoning, so people who rely on indoor coal stoves for heating should take ventilation measures. (3) The foggy weather will also affect people's mood. Psychologists say that when the weather is gloomy and the air pressure drops, people's mood will be affected to a certain extent and they will feel depressed. If these negative emotions appear, you should learn to adjust and balance yourself, such as doing something that makes you feel happy.
6, tornado self-help
Tornado is the strongest vortex phenomenon in the atmosphere, which often occurs in thunderstorm weather in summer, especially in the afternoon and evening. Although the scope of influence is small, it is extremely destructive. Tornadoes often pull up trees, overturn vehicles and destroy buildings where they pass. It often destroys crops and tens of thousands of fruit trees in an instant, disrupts traffic, collapses houses and loses human and animal lives. The horizontal range of tornadoes is very small, ranging from several meters to several hundred meters in diameter, with an average of about 250 meters and a maximum of about 1 km. The diameter in the air can be several kilometers, and the maximum is 10 kilometers. The maximum wind speed can reach 150 km to 450 km per hour.
(1) Find the safest location. According to the survey, the safest place is in the opposite direction of the tornado. Scientists believe that rooms in the northeast are relatively safe. Small rooms and secret rooms are safer than big rooms.
(2) At home, be sure to stay away from doors, windows and peripheral walls. It is best to go to the underground concrete bunker or the lowest floor of the house to protect your head.
(3) When encountering a tornado in the wild, look for low-lying land nearby. Stay away from big trees to avoid being smashed and crushed.
(4) In public places, they should be evacuated to designated places. The best shelter is a low-lying place.
(5) If you encounter a tornado in the car, it is very dangerous. You should immediately park your car in a low-lying place and get out of the car. Never drive to avoid a tornado. According to the survey, cars have almost no defense ability when encountering tornadoes, and many people die in moving cars.
(6) Leave bridges, high mountains, coastal areas and dangerous houses or mobile houses immediately. If there are no obstacles nearby, you should lie flat on the low-lying ground, but pay attention to waterproof.