catalogue
Brief introduction of tap water rural drinking water project
principle
Tap water source tap water treatment process
Disinfection method
Water filtration and disinfection
Tap water principle
Time of establishment of Beijing waterworks
Reasons for establishment
Tap water construction plan
Configuration of project implementation work
choice device
animal husbandry
Then it happens
Shareholders' founding meeting
Difficulties in the early days of its establishment
Brief introduction of tap water museum site
Chu Jian Waterworks
Waterworks sand table
Jingbei
The main highlights of the series
Machine room chimney
Brief introduction of tap water rural drinking water project
principle
Tap water source tap water treatment process
Disinfection method
Water filtration and disinfection
Tap water principle
Time of establishment of Beijing waterworks
Reasons for establishment
Tap water construction plan
Configuration of project implementation work
choice device
animal husbandry
Then it happens
Shareholders' founding meeting
Difficulties in the early days of its establishment
Brief introduction of tap water museum site
Chu Jian Waterworks
Waterworks sand table
Jingbei
The main highlights of the series
Machine room chimney
Expand and edit the tap water introduction in this paragraph.
Rural drinking water project
At present, many rural drinking water projects that benefit the people in China do not use tap water because of the diversity of topography.
Pumping, these mountain flowing water also belongs to tap water. She is an excellent measure for the new China to improve people's living standards. Most of these artesian groundwater are of good water quality and contain a large amount of beneficial elements, which can be used to produce mineral water.
principle
Due to the influence of pipeline structure, especially the materials of water storage tower and pipeline (stainless steel metal pipe, PVC, etc.). ), the water supplied to users by pump through water distribution pipeline often fails to meet the hygienic standard of drinking water. Under normal circumstances, it can only be drunk after boiling. Stimulated by the domestic water market, the current water academic research is progressing rapidly. Moreover, relevant parties also hope that tap water suppliers will take more responsibilities to make the water delivered to users fully meet the national drinking water hygiene standards. The tap water industry in China was born in the late Qing Dynasty 1908, which was strongly supported by Empress Dowager Cixi at that time. 2008 is the centenary birthday of Beijing tap water industry.
Edit the source of tap water in this section.
Tap water treatment process
Tap water is drinking water produced by professional equipment through many complicated technological processes. The treatment process of tap water is as follows: firstly, the water source must be extracted from rivers and lakes to the water plant (the amount of water taken in different regions is different, and the water source directly affects the drinking water quality in a region); Then after sedimentation, sand filtration, disinfection and storage (pool cleaning), it is pumped into the tap water pipeline at high pressure by the water pump. Now the state stipulates that the commonly used iron pipe will be replaced by PP pipe, because the iron pipe will rust for a long time, which will cause serious secondary pollution; Finally, it is diverted to the user's faucet. The whole process has to go through many water quality tests, and some places have to go through secondary pressurization and secondary disinfection before they can enter the user's home.
Disinfection method
At present, most tap water is chlorinated. The main purpose of chlorination of public water supply is to prevent water-borne diseases. This method has been popularized for more than 100 years, and it has relatively perfect production technology and equipment. Chlorine used for disinfection of tap water has the advantages of good disinfection effect, low cost and almost no harmful substances. However, after understanding and studying the theoretical data, we think that chlorine still has some disadvantages in disinfection of tap water. Chlorinated tap water will produce carcinogens, and relevant experts have put forward many improvement measures. Chlorination disinfection was used about 100 years ago, and it has become a routine disinfection method since then. But with the development of science and technology, some regrettable results have been found in chlorinated tap water! What substance will chlorinated water produce? Will these substances affect human health? How can I get clean and safe drinking water? At present, disinfectants include chlorine dioxide and ozone in addition to chlorine. The use of alternative disinfectants can reduce the generation of harmful substances and improve the treatment efficiency.
Water filtration and disinfection
The filtered water should be disinfected with chlorine as disinfectant. Chlorine gas is easily soluble in water and combines with water to generate hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. The main function of chlorine gas in the whole disinfection process is hypochlorous acid. For inorganic substances with peculiar smell, they can be thoroughly oxidized and disinfected. For algae, bacteria and other living natural substances, they can penetrate the cell wall, oxidize their enzyme systems (enzymes are biocatalysts), inactivate them, hinder the life activities of bacteria and die. Hypochloric acid itself is neutral and easy to get close to bacteria, showing good bactericidal effect. Hypochlorite ion also has a certain disinfection effect, but it is difficult to get close to negatively charged bacteria (negatively charged bacteria), so its disinfection effect is much worse than hypochlorous acid, so chlorine disinfection effect is better than bleaching powder disinfection. At present, the safe disinfection method of tap water in the world is ozone disinfection, but the treatment cost of this method is too expensive, and the retention time of water after ozone treatment is limited. As for how long it can be kept, there is no exact concept at present. So at present, only a few developed countries adopt this treatment method.
Tap water principle
Pump water directly to high-rise buildings or to water towers. Because the water tower is higher than the building, the water flows out from the water pipes of each family by using the principle of U-shaped pipes.
Edit this paragraph of Beijing waterworks
clotting time
Beijing tap water started on 1908, and it has been10/year now. Beijing, the capital with a population of 654.38+0.3 billion, has always been inseparable from the supply of tap water from major government activities to all aspects of urban construction and operation. However, how many people know or have asked: How did Beijing's tap water "come"? When, under what historical conditions and by whom did this project run? This should start from 100 years ago.
Reasons for establishment
One day in August in the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Empress Dowager Cixi was summoned in the Summer Palace. Not long ago, Yuan Shikai, who was promoted to Beijing by Zhili Governor and Beiyang Minister, served as Minister of Military Aircraft and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Talking about the frequent occurrence of fires in Beijing, he asked Yuan: "What is the best policy for fire prevention?" Yuan Shikai "uses tap water". This is because Yuan Shikai has been an official in Tianjin (Zhili) for many years, and Tianjin had tap water as early as four years ago, that is, in the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903), and he knew all the conveniences and advantages of tap water. At the same time, Yuan Shikai recommended Zhou to the Empress Dowager Cixi to organize this event in Beijing. Commander-in-Chief of Water Supply Project Zhou.
Zhou (1866- 1947) was born in Zhide County (now dongzhi county), Anhui Province, and was born in an official family. His father Zhou Fu was an important aide to Li Hongzhang, the leader of the Westernization School. He served as the governor of the two rivers and Guangdong, and also served as a political envoy in Sichuan and Zhili. He was an important official in the Qing Dynasty. Zhou himself has worked under Yuan Shikai since the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), helping Yuan to carry out the "Beiyang New Deal", and achieved outstanding results. For example, Zhou himself said, "I was deeply appreciated, so it was difficult to meet at first sight", and successively served as the general manager of the Bureau, the general manager of Zhili General Administration of Arts and Crafts and the supervisor of Beiyang Branch. After Yuan Zhuobao, it was named as "two-product top hat" and later named as "three generations of positive one-product seal". At the same time, he is also a well-known entrepreneur who manages modern industries such as Kailuan Coal Mine and Qi Xin Lime Company. After all, it's business, and Zhou should be transferred to Beijing to prepare tap water. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), the three ministers of agriculture, industry and commerce jointly wrote that Zhou was a Zhili who was "familiar with business conditions and enjoyed a high reputation", and that "prime minister tap water" ... would be able to handle everything and he would not be appointed ". It will be approved in a few days. Zhou immediately entered the capital, and was sent to the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce to undertake the preparation of Kyoto tap water.
Tap water construction plan
Zhou has no professional training in water supply engineering. He is not an expert in tap water. However, based on his understanding of foreign modern industrial civilization and accumulated experience in establishing industry in Zhili, he drew up the general method for establishing Shi Jing Water Supply Company at an extraordinary speed that month. The text is less than 1000 words, but it is a comprehensive and outlined tap water preparation plan. The main contents include: the completion of water tower.
First, the company is defined as "official supervision and commercial office" and "Shi Jing Water Supply Co., Ltd.", and everything is handled in accordance with the company's commercial laws and in the name of the operator. When the government lacks financial resources, this is a fashionable way for the government to raise funds to run an industry in the private sector. Later, it was summarized as "the official has the responsibility of supervision and protection, the business has the principle of collection, and the official and the business work together to maintain it, so it is perfect." Second, raise construction funds. When the company was established, it was a big project of "gathering the capital stock first" and creating tap water. "It needs a lot of money, and it is definitely not enough to help if it is not thick." It is planned to raise 3 million silver dollars, divided into 300,000 shares, each share 10 yuan; It also stipulates that it is necessary to "specially recruit Chinese stocks" to protect the rights and interests of national enterprises. In order to encourage early investors, preferential treatment will be given. All IPO matters are undertaken by Zhili official bank in Tianjin; Before raising the share capital, the cost of setting up a water supply company should be paid in advance by the official bank. Third, "keeping enough water is the first priority". This is the most fundamental and core problem to create tap water, otherwise it will become "cooking without rice". Based on the practice of "exploring suburban waterways for several days", Zhou confirmed that "the source of Shasheng River is still outside Andingmen", that is, it is located at the junction of Chaoyang and Shunyi District, near Wenyu River. Its upper reaches are Shahe River in Beishan and Qinghe River in Xishan, which join Sunhe River. "The water potential is quite large", and it is planned to "build a large polder area on the river to store enough water for two or three months". Another project is to lay a water pipe network. It is necessary to invite departments such as "Fengchen Academy (the authority in charge of royal gardens and rivers), the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Infantry Command yamen" to explore the roads and ditches in the city and draw pictures according to the actual situation. Fourth, ask for official policy support. In view of the huge cost of the project, "it is a pioneering work, and the folk customs have not been opened", it is estimated that it is difficult to guarantee the interest due to shareholders in two or three years. Therefore, it is required to refer to foreign "state subsidies" for non-governmental public welfare undertakings and the practice of giving official subsidies to industries established in Zhili in recent years, and the governor of Zhili will make overall plans and allocate official funds of 1.52 million yuan every year. For the purpose of "guaranteeing interest", we will "repay by installments" after the normal operation of the company. At the same time, according to the precedent of railway construction, all those who pass through the "Jingshi checkpoint and Chongwenmen" are exempt from tax to reduce the construction cost.
As for other services, such as issuing stocks, formulating detailed regulations, ordering machines to purchase materials, selecting employees, and recruiting technicians and craftsmen. All these will be "properly prepared" in the coming weeks, and the whole project is estimated to take two or three years.
The implementation of editing this part of the project.
Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce presented a "Imperial Decree" to the Empress Dowager and the Emperor, which was immediately approved and the project entered the implementation stage.
Working configuration
The first is to configure the work team and choose the office location. Zhou first chose Sun Duosen, a fellow countryman who has a long history of * * * and is related by marriage, as his deputy, and the supervisors were seconded by Beiyang Bureau, including Ma Xueting, the "candidate magistrate" who later served as the company's prime minister. All of them were acquaintances, which facilitated the work. Liang Qianhu was temporarily selected to rent an office with Dongsi Pailou (later moved to Qianmen Xichenggen new site to build an office building).
choice device
Secondly, choose equipment and engineering contractors. At that time, China's modern manufacturing industry was mainly in a few industries, such as weapons and smelting, and the materials and equipment needed for new tap water were imported from abroad. For a time, foreign companies in China competed for sales, and even "grabbed strong sales and made a lot of tricks". After careful investigation, Zhou finally chose St. Regis to undertake the project, not only because the quotation was reasonable, but also because he had built a tap water project in Tianjin, "being familiar with the northern terrain of China and investigating the water source in Sunhe area for many years". In the end, at the price of1375,200 yuan, foreign investors promised to supply "first-class plus machines from famous German manufacturers, which are extremely new and durable", and signed a contract with them on the condition that "the whole project is completed and the city uses water for six months" within two months, which shows its high efficiency.
animal husbandry
Third, about stock raising. Under Zhou's auspices, he made a prospectus, published "advertisements" in newspapers and periodicals, released "the enlightenment of IPO", and vigorously publicized many "good" information. For example, for every 65,438+00 shares paid in advance, 65,438+0 shares will be given away; There is an official commitment to protect interests, "to show great faith"; Tap water has nine characteristics, such as "everyone must consume it every day", "using nature", "no delay in sales" and "huge profit from one investment", which is almost risk-free. After the official bank numbers were Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Hanping and Guangdong Rishengchang, all 3 million shares were collected in just three days. After repeatedly checking the tender, Zhou and others thought that there was 2.7 million yuan to be applied immediately. In order to avoid the backlog of funds and reduce dividend payment, they returned 300,000 yuan to bank of tianjin.
Then it happens
Land requisition, stone procurement and other matters are carried out in an orderly manner. However, unexpected things always happen. During a construction, Long Jun, an imperial nobleman, visited the land and "suddenly stopped it". He believes that digging the ground has destroyed the geomantic omen of his family, and even made a rumor that "water pipes are installed to dig graves hard", deliberately harassing and obstructing the construction for two months. In this regard, Zhou not only reported to the relevant government officials for "investigation", but also published a rumor in the name of court officials, and warned that "anyone who openly makes trouble will never be soft on hell to pay". After mediation by all parties, the contradiction was finally solved, but the project progress was affected. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu1October 2 1 day (1908165438+1October 14), Emperor Zai Tian of Guangxu died in Hanyuan Temple in Yingtai. Less than 20 hours later, Empress Dowager Cixi, who controlled the supreme power of the country, collapsed in Yi Long Hall of Zhongnanhai, becoming a "state funeral" and the internal affairs office. The company is required to "repair the pavement of the funeral line (mainly in the east of Jingshan in the west of the inner city, passing through Di 'anmen, Xisipailou and Fuchengmen) before February 20th of the first year of Xuantong. The company mobilized manpower to raid for three days and nights, or rushed to bury the pipe, or buried and leveled the trench that had no time to bury the pipe. It was not until after the funeral that the work resumed digging trenches and burying pipes, and the project stopped and came back, which greatly affected the progress. In the process of construction, the foreign firm Reggie failed to supply the goods on time, and the equipment supplied was inconsistent with the drawings, with poor quality, and even the water pipe burst. After urging, negotiating, and some even asked Zhou himself, they all solved them one by one. Before the water supply, Zhou arranged personnel to formulate the rules and regulations for business preparation in time, including home installation, water supply for market leaders, pilot contracting leaders, and boatmen's employment. At the same time, give play to the function of "official supervisor" and, with the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, instruct "local officials to show instructions and effectively protect facilities along the water pipeline". For the Qinghe and Shahe rivers "within 20 miles" in the upper reaches, it is also instructed that "pipeline ground officials instruct residents to carefully protect dikes, cultivate trees and plants to raise water sources, and prohibit infringement and dumping pollution."
Shareholders' founding meeting
Under the direction of Premier Zhou, the water supply project has been carefully planned and organized for 22 months, and two water plants, Sunhe and Dongzhimen, have been built, with 18 filter ponds for turbidity, clear water and sand. Shi Jing Water Supply Company held a shareholders' meeting and elected Ma Xueting as prime minister and Wang Xiaoting as assistant. In this week, the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce has installed more than 370 miles of steel pipes. "Its water source is far away, the ground is wide, and the pipeline is long, far from being comparable to other ports." Under the guarantee of paid-in share capital of 2.7 million yuan, there is still a net surplus of more than 330 thousand yuan, except for all kinds of funds that have been spent and should be prepared for the aftermath, which is caused by "multiple austerity" The company decided to set up four water supply points in front of the "bustling places" in the inner and outer cities to "deliver water as a gift" to residents, and prepared to issue "water tickets" free of charge, which were published in several newspapers in Beijing in advance in the form of advertisements to inform the public; The official water sale is scheduled for February 10 of the second year of Xuantong (19 10). Also in February this year, he was appointed as a supervisor. At the same time, Zhou also put forward the policy of "no quick success, no pains" for the company's future business, "try to facilitate users and benefit the people". It should be said that this "policy" and "purpose" still have important practical significance today.
Difficulties in the early days of its establishment
Water tickets in Xuan Tong period
However, many things have happened, and new things often have twists and turns. In his later years, Zhou recalled the problems at that time and wrote: It was easy to offer shares at the beginning, but difficult to operate. Because the flag-bearer in the inner city called it external water, it was also called "cloudy water", and because "there was only a tunnel and no sunshine", he became suspicious and refused to drink it. Shandong boatmen hugged each other again, showing all kinds of resistance that made things difficult for each other. A hundred years ago, China was still in the transition stage from a long-term closed door to a new atmosphere. Foreign industrial civilization brought many new things: "If you don't experience it, you think it's different;" What you can't see or hear is strange to you. " In this regard, Zhou has done a lot of publicity work, using classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese to solve doubts through newspaper advertisements. On the one hand, he used the concept of imperial power of the standard bearer to say that running tap water was "the will of the emperor"; On the one hand, it arouses people's patriotic feelings, saying that the establishment of tap water is "shared by all China and used by all China people". At the same time, it was advertised that the company "tested the tap water released from the street faucet by chemical method, which was really pure and clean" and "extremely beneficial to people's health, everyone ate it, and there was nothing unhealthy". In addition, the company also used economic means to cut prices by half for three consecutive months to promote sales. After all, scientific things have great vitality, and the advantages of tap water are gradually recognized by the general public. In less than half a year, users of tap water have been very enthusiastic to take water from public taps in the street or transport it home by boatmen. The Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce of Qing Dynasty spoke highly of Zhou Jiancheng's capital tap water, such as "hard work, outstanding talent", "profound knowledge, sharp mind" and "attaching importance to career, seeking prosperity, seeking short-term and rare". The following year, Zhou resigned as the supervisor of the company on the grounds of going abroad for inspection. Shortly after the supply of tap water, Xuan Tong was declared to be established for three years (19 1 1). The Revolution of 1911 put righteousness above family loyalty, Xuan Tong abdicated, the Qing court fell, and a new republic replaced the decadent feudal monarchy. However, due to the incompleteness of the bourgeois revolution and the fact that foreign powers acted as the backstage of warlords, it should have been a revolution to promote social progress, but it did not bring peace to the country and the people. Various political forces and warlords are fighting endlessly, the political situation is turbulent and the national movement is difficult. In this context, the newly established tap water industry was ill-timed, lost official protection, and social disorder led to frequent water stealing incidents. More and more people are in arrears with water charges, and prices are rising, but water charges cannot be adjusted. In addition, the construction investment in that year was "costly", and the company's leadership was not good at management, which quickly led to losses and failed to realize the promise of protecting shareholders' interests. Due to the situation, in April of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), a shareholders' meeting was held to reorganize, cancel the "supervision" of acting officials, and elected Zhou as prime minister to replace Ma Xueting who resigned. Wang Xiaoting stayed as an assistant. Zhou and Wang urged the company to rectify, strengthen management, and decisively implement layoffs and pay cuts. Zhou and Wang themselves set an example and did not get paid. The company's operating conditions changed rapidly, and the loss situation was reversed that year. Soon, under the orders of Yuan Shikai, Zhou Cong 19 12 to 19 14 served as the chief financial officer of Beiyang government twice. Because Yuan Shikai and Hong Xian proclaimed themselves emperors, Zhou "refused to go along", so "avoiding disasters" took sick leave. Shi Jing's tap water started in the declining late Qing Dynasty, which can be regarded as an urban construction undertaking that moves towards modern civilization and benefits the people. It has achieved the goals of "revitalizing Shi Jing's water conservancy, taking health and fire protection as the top priority, thinking about personnel, making up for the shortage of time and place" and "benefiting people's livelihood, especially convenience". The construction of waterworks and the laying of pipelines have laid the initial pattern of Beijing's water supply system. In the international and domestic environment a century ago, our ancestors pursued the entrepreneurial spirit of modern civilization, worked hard and kept pace with the times with innovative ideas, many of which are still worth emulating today.
Edit this section of the tap water museum.
Brief introduction of museum site
Laishuiting
■ Museum name: Beijing Water Supply Museum ■ Address: No.6 Dongzhimen North Street ■ Features: Thematic Museum ■ Construction time: 65438+February 2000 ■ Treasures of the town hall: Laishui Pavilion, chimneys, etc. There is a Beijing tap water museum at the junction of Dongzhimen North Street and the East and North Second Ring Roads. The Chinese and western architecture here is very famous, and it has been listed as one of the excellent modern buildings, and it is not allowed to be demolished without authorization. The Water Museum was built on the original site of Shi Jing Water Supply Co., Ltd., and Shi Jing Water Supply Co., Ltd. was founded in 1908, with a history of one hundred years. The exhibition area of tap water museum is divided into two parts: exhibition area and outdoor exhibition area. Among them, the outdoor exhibition area is mainly protected or rebuilt buildings and various large-scale equipment.
Chu Jian Waterworks
Behind the memorial exhibition of Shi Jing Waterworks invited by Empress Dowager Cixi, the story of Shi Jing Waterworks is hidden. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908) and in March of 18, the Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce played the role of Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu, demanding the construction of "tap water in the capital", believing that "sanitation and fire fighting are the most important aspects of tap water in the capital" and recommending "opening a craft bureau factory in Zhili with remarkable achievements" and "being familiar with the business situation and enjoying a good reputation". In less than ten days, Cixi "agreed". Soon, the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce once again hopes to ask for instructions on the "general measures" for the establishment of Shi Jing Water Supply Company. This method was quickly approved, and the company was named "Water Supply Co., Ltd." and Zhou was appointed as the prime minister of the company. Zhou was a famous industrialist in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He was born in a prominent official family in the late Qing Dynasty. He used to be the school history of Zhili and the salt transport ambassador of Luchang. 19 12 and 19 15 were the chief financial officers of Beiyang government twice, and they were famous ministers at that time. Sand table of water-making process in Beijing No.8 waterworks
Waterworks sand table
The water of the eighth waterworks is taken from Chaobai River. In the tap water museum, there is a very distinctive exhibit: sand tables of some large water plants in Beijing. These sand tables are equipped with photoelectric effect, so that visitors can clearly understand the water intake line and workflow of the water plant and become a unique landscape of the tap water museum. In 1970s, the daily water consumption in Beijing increased sharply. 1972 during the peak period, the water supply will be reduced for 75 days, and the daily water shortage will be150,000 cubic meters. The water supply situation is very serious. 1974, the state invested10.50 billion yuan to build the eighth waterworks. The factory is located in Liangmaqiao in the east, and the water source is Chaobai River Basin in the suburb of Beijing, which is rich in groundwater. 1979, 198 1, 1982, the third phase of the eighth water plant was built in succession, with a daily water supply capacity of 429,000 cubic meters. The largest underground water plant with primary water intake, secondary water delivery under pressure and tertiary water distribution in Beijing has been built. The water in the eighth water plant was taken from Chaobai River in Niulanshan, and 18 sets of motor wells were drilled. The water pumped from the water source is sent to Sunhe Pressurization Station through the water pipeline, and the raw water is chlorinated and disinfected. After being pressurized, it is sent to the water distribution plant through the water pipeline for chlorine supplementation and ammonia addition, and then sent to the pipe network through the water pump. No.1 water source well monument
Jingbei
Dongzhimen Waterworks, a historical event hidden behind a small well monument, was built in 1908 and officially put into operation in March. The water source was Sunhe River in Daxing County at that time, and the clean water was sent by Sunhe Water Plant and disinfected by Dongzhimen Water Plant. Due to the serious water shortage in Sunhe River near 1940, Dongzhimen Waterworks uses groundwater as its water source. By 1949, there is only one water plant in Beijing. 1932 After the summer, the water level of Sunhe River plummeted and the water source was about to dry up. Several engineers in the company suggested drilling wells to get groundwater. At that time, five wells were drilled in the courtyard of today's tap water museum. The picture shows the monument to the water source well 1 dug by 1940. Mr. Fu Zengxiang, a famous bibliophile in China, wrote an inscription for the well tablet. During the May 4th Movement, Cai Yuanpei was dismissed for his involvement in resisting the Beijing government's order to recall him. He is the director of the Palace Museum in 1927. Fu Zengxiang was asked to write an inscription for the well tablet of the waterworks, mainly because he was an imperial envoy of Yuan Shikai. The water plant was approved by Empress Dowager Cixi in 1908, mainly because it was suggested by Yuan Shikai and others. As early as before the memorial ceremony shown in the above picture, in fact, some people tried to build a waterworks in Beijing, but Cixi felt that the people who did the memorial ceremony were not suitable for supervising the matter, so they shelved it. Yuan Shikai is a favorite of Cixi, so he will play 10 days on the memorial, and has already started to discuss specific construction matters. The political struggle and historical events behind a small inscription on a well monument are so complicated that it seems really meaningful now. 1938-1939.
The main highlights of the series
Collecting wells helped Beijing survive the drought year of 1938. There is a beautiful building called Water Pavilion in Beijing Water Museum. Dongzhimen Waterworks was called "Model Water Pavilion" when it was completed. It is the same age as the water tower and steam engine room. Built in 19 10. It is used to receive the treated water from Sunhe River Water Plant, and send it to the clean water pool after precipitation and disinfection. The building was designed by Tianjin Suntech St. Regis, which belongs to European architecture and has Baroque style. Traditional China architectural techniques such as glutinous rice grouting and brick grinding were adopted in the construction, so this building is a beautiful architectural masterpiece combining Chinese and western. There was once a white Guanyin bodhisattva sitting in the pavilion, facing south, 2.7 meters high, with a rockery behind it and a clean pool in front. Unfortunately, this Guanyin statue was demolished during the Cultural Revolution. To the west of the green land is a water collecting well, which was built from 1938 to 1939 when Japan invaded China. At that time, Beijing was in a period of drought, and the water source of Sunhe River (namely Wenyu River) was insufficient. In order to obtain a stable water source, the Japanese dug wells in the courtyard of the waterworks and began to use groundwater. At that time, * * * drilled five wells, and all the water from the five wells was collected here. The covers of these wells are all made of copper and have been well preserved so far. The square hole outside the gate is an underground passage. When there is a problem with the gate, it can be repaired from this opening. Rice grouting technology, its octagonal shape is very unique.
Machine room chimney
Centennial chimneys still stand. The present exhibition hall is actually the steam room of the water plant in the past. Sunhe or well water flows from Shuige through the clear water pool and then to the steam room. Tap water is pressurized by the steam generated by burning coal, and then it can flow to all parts of Beijing along the pipeline. Therefore, a tall chimney must stand next to the steam engine room. Because the steam engine room is inseparable from the chimney, although it has experienced nearly a hundred years of vicissitudes, this chimney actually stands here and has never thought of falling down. This chimney was built in 1908. Since China had never built a waterworks before, Europeans were invited to design the drawings. Chimneys and other buildings are natural and have European architectural style. However, craftsmen in China adopted the traditional building technology of grinding bricks and grouting with glutinous rice soup in China, and the bottom of each brick was engraved with a seal, which inadvertently formed the architectural style of combining Chinese and Western styles. Although the octagonal shape of the chimney in the waterworks is very unique and well-made, it is not the most distinctive building in the complex of Shi Jing Water Supply Company. According to the person in charge of the museum, the most distinctive building in that year was the iron water tower of the waterworks. The structure of water tower is a unique steel structure. The tower is 54 meters high. The tower has six floors and is hexagonal, with 12 decorative dragons and wind chimes, with a volume of 750 cubic meters. 1942 stop the tower, 1957 dismantle the tower. At present, according to the photos presented by the descendants of the German designer Tino Sagerman, a water tower model has been copied according to the ratio of 1: 10. Through the model, we can still see the elegance and exquisite decoration of the water tower. Imagine that if the water tower had not been demolished, it must be a unique scenery in Beijing now, and I am afraid it will not be inferior to the Eiffel Tower in France.