The founding of Shizhou originated from the Later Zhou Dynasty. Previous generations also set up officials to establish governance in this area, but they were only placed in administrative offices, "county"-level administrative units under the jurisdiction of "counties" such as Wushan in Sichuan, Yuanling in Hunan, and Jingzhou in Hubei. From the later Zhou Dynasty, "state" level units began to be established locally, with "counties" and "counties" under their jurisdiction, which were inherited by future generations. The establishment of Shizhou gradually made this place an important town in the border area of ??Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. "Taiping Yulan" of the Qing Dynasty records: "In the second year of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the chiefs led the four Zou people to annex and set up Shizhou." "The second year of Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty" is 573 AD. According to the "Enshi County Chronicle": "At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Heng Yuanzi was born and fled among the barbarians. He called himself King Shi, built cities and supervised water supply, and was called King Shi. His descendants attacked the king. In the early years of Baoding in the Later Zhou Dynasty (561 AD), peace began "Shiwang Tun" is also known as Manwang Village. It is located in Wadianzi, 2 kilometers west of Enshi City. It is located in Pingba in the mountains, surrounded by mountains on three sides: southeast, north and west. There is an outlet facing Shishui. The mountain is as sharp as a knife, tilted in two directions, and shaped like an open city wall. Since the 1960s, a large number of porcelain shards, pottery shards and iron objects have been unearthed. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the names of the establishments of various dynasties changed constantly. In the Song Dynasty, Enshi was established as a prefecture and Tucheng was established. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was still the same as before. In the Ming Dynasty, it was established as a state guard and in the Qing Dynasty, it was established as Nanfu. After more than 1,000 years, Enshi was gradually formed as the political, economic and cultural center of southwest Hubei. status.
In May of the third year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1243), Gengzi ordered Shizhou to build more than 60 earthen cities and passes. The locations are today's Ivory Mountain and Ruishi Rock because of the mountains. In the early years of Kaiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1259), the county governor Xie Changyuan moved to Liuzhou City. "Enshi County Chronicle" records: "Xie Changyuan learned about Shizhou in Yiyou in April of the first year of Kaiqing. He prepared millions of coins, rice, wheat, and thousands of stones. He made great contributions to building the county and city, and was transferred to an official position." In the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty Year) moved to the original location. It is said that when moving to the prefecture, someone weighed and compared the soil of Enshi City, Dalongtan and Liuzhou City. It turned out that the soil of Enshi City was the heaviest and it was close to the Qingjiang River, so it was decided to move back to the current site.
There are many preserved ruins in Liuzhou City. There are many in the city. The names of many peaks, rocks and grooves in the city still have the layout of the old Shizhou City. Such as: Beimen Valley, Nanmen Valley, Jiangjun Rock, Basalt Peak, and Zhuque Peak. There are many mountains and rocks, which are called elegant names by local people. Such as "lion grabbing treasure", "dragon playing with pearl", "Yale horse", "Feng Chaoyang", "deer with flowers", "cockscomb rock", "eagle rock", etc. The city wall, Yinma Pond, Yuntai Temple, and pagoda are now built on the south side, as well as the Xiaochangba and Dianjiangtai on the top of the mountain, and the old city gate site on the east side can still be identified. In the northeast, there are county cliffs that form a self-contained city wall. In the southwest, there are many artificially built city walls that are preserved, and the city wall stacks are still preserved. The Dianjiang Platform has a circular base with a large number of plain tiles. There is still an iron pillar on the school Yangba, which is said to be the horse pillar next to the martial arts performance hall. There were originally two temples built in the city. Yuntai Temple has five entrances and seven halls, housing more than 60 large and small Buddha statues. In front of the hall, there are hexagonal pavilions, theaters, stands, etc. There is a couplet on the pillars that reads "White clouds and auspicious snow signify the land of the state, and the old city is filled with bamboos and pines." Yuntai Temple was demolished around 1956. Wang Shouxiang, a retired teacher from No. 2 Middle School in Enshi City, was born in Tianchiling, Liuzhou City. When he was a child, he went to Yuntai Temple with his uncle Qishan (a monk from the temple). The day I went there was the Mid-Autumn Festival and the sky was sunny. I saw about 300 pilgrims sitting at the stone table watching the "People's Drama" - "Autumn in the Han Palace". There is a rock wall behind Yuntai Temple called Da'er Rock, and there is an ancient trough under the rock. After people seeking a child burn incense and make wishes in the temple, they go to the back of the temple to pick up stones and throw them into the stone trough. If they hit the stone, it is considered that the wish has come true. Give birth to children. The number of stones you hit is how many pieces you can get. The nun temple is built in Tianchiling (also known as Tianzhu Mountain) and is a courtyard-style temple. The west building is a nun's room, the east hall houses more than 20 Buddha statues, and the west wing is a resting place for pilgrims. Next to the original temple, between the gong stones and the drum stones, there is a stone tablet "Record of the Rebuilding of the Nun Temple" written in the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty. It has not been seen for many years after the temple was destroyed. In 1985, Wang Shouxiang found it on the wall foundation of a farmer's house. The inscription contains more than 300 words, describing the undulating mountains and pure mountain springs in Tianchi Mountain, Liuzhou City and other places. It records that Li built a nunnery here in the past years and performed charity, and the local people donated money to rebuild the nunnery temple during the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty. . The nunnery was demolished in 1948.
At the south gate of the city, there are four characters carved on stone, "Gradually entering into a beautiful scene". Outside the South Gate Pass, there is an inscription on Moyan. The inscription reads: "In the winter of Bingyin in Xianchun of the Song Dynasty (1266 AD), the county governor Zhang Chaobao cut off the dangerous rocks and built this road to facilitate the movement of troops." This explains the year when the city was built. situation. "Enshi County Chronicle" records: "Zhang Baochen first knew Shizhou in Xianchun and opened up dangerous trails, and everyone took advantage of them." Zhang Baochen is Zhang Chaobao, and Baochen is either a character or a name.
The Watermelon Monument located in Ertaiping, Zhoucheng Village, is carved out of a natural sandstone facet that is 4 meters high, 3.5 meters wide and 3 meters thick. The inscribed frame is 1.49 meters high and 1.85 meters wide. The full text is as follows:
General Qin, the governor of the county, came here to cultivate thousands of mulberry trees, orchards, build lotus ponds, build a reception pavilion and plant watermelons. Zi'er's name is imperial watermelon. These three species have been cultivated in Huainan for more than 80 years. There is also a kind of Huihui melon, which has grown in size since Gengzi Jiaxi traveled to the north. There are several kinds of muskmelon and there are several kinds of muskmelon. I tried it here for five years in Xianchun period. All kinds of fruits are produced throughout the county. Their taste is very good. They are planted all over the countryside, valleys and stone carvings. It is not known that the melons are used up in February. They need to be planted three or five times in case of rain. Xian Chun Geng Wu Meng Chun Qushan Qin
□ Boyu Remembers
Located in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in western Hubei, today, watermelon cultivation is only a small part of the area, and there are even fewer records in historical records. . There is no record of watermelon in the local chronicles compiled in counties such as Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. Only the "Shizhou Archaeological Records" written by Yongxi in the 7th year of the Republic of China (1918 AD) recorded this Inscriptional information on the history of watermelon cultivation. After liberation, cultural and cultural workers from Enshi Prefecture and City conducted several investigations on the watermelon stele and found that the inscription was well preserved. It is not only of great significance to the study of the history of melon and fruit cultivation in the mountainous areas of southwestern Hubei, but it is also the rare and earliest complete watermelon inscription in southwestern Hubei, Hubei Province and even the whole country. It clearly records watermelon types, planting methods, introduction routes, etc. . In 1988, the article "A Brief Examination of the History of Watermelon Planting in Southwest Hubei" written by Deng Hui, director of the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Museum, was published in "Agricultural Archeology". In 1990, "China Today" translated the article into Japanese and introduced it abroad; in 1997, "People's Daily" overseas edition, "Legal Daily", "Science and Technology Daily", "Wenhui Daily", "China Cultural Relics News", "Hubei Daily" and other dozens of newspapers and periodicals have successively published and reprinted the "Enshi Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department Quan Ping" The article "Enshi Watermelon Monument of the Southern Song Dynasty" once again attracted the attention of domestic and foreign experts, scholars and party committee and government leaders at all levels.
The Qin general mentioned in the inscription should have known Shizhou around 1270. There was originally a general's tomb built in the city. It was abandoned during the construction of Dongfeng Reservoir in the 1950s. According to Xianfeng's "Qin Family Genealogy", he originally lived in Enshi on Zhuishou Mountain and moved to Xianfeng in the Yuan Dynasty. The tomb of General Qin in Chair Mountain is the ancestor of his clan. Qin and Qin have the same pronunciation.
The stone carvings are located in Tongtian Cave, 1 kilometer away from Qili Town, adjacent to the Enshi Prefecture Public Security Bureau Driving Training School and Qili Township Central Primary School. Tongtian Cave is a large natural limestone cave, facing east and west. The shape of the cave is like an open mouth of a toad. The cave door is semicircular, about 30 meters high and 40 meters wide. Because there is a hole about 2 meters in diameter at the top of the cave that leads directly to the top of the mountain, and the sky can be seen, so it is named Tongtian Cave. "Enshi County Chronicles" records: "Tongtian Cave is 10 miles east of the city. The cave is spacious and has a stone orifice that reaches the sky. There are fields, dotes and ancient monuments inside. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, many people chanted it, which is the Muzhao Immortal Cave. Shen Qing, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in a poem: "Looking for the fragrant traces in the mountains, the green peaches and thousands of ancient trees, the flowing water and the cold water. The clouds are condensed and the dragons are along the way. This is it." Crossing Qingluan." The poet Liu Zili also wrote: "One hole leads to the small sky, and the door is opened to worship the immortals. I still remember that in the first year of my visit, I felt like I was looking for tourists, and the peach blossoms in the cave were like waves. "The shape of Tongtian Cave is unique, as if it were carved by man." There are two caves at the bottom of the cave for entry and exit. On the left side of the cave, a clear spring gushes out. The trickling spring water never dries up all year round. Whenever the sun reaches its peak at noon, the sunlight passes through the hole in the cave and forms a large beam of light that shines directly into the fields inside the cave, which is very spectacular. In the original cave, there were many inscriptions and poems since the Song Dynasty, but unfortunately they have been abandoned. Today there is only one inscription that records that in the first year of Baoyou (AD 1253), Wang Cichou, the prefect of the county, visited the cave with his relatives. The poet Peng Rentan of the Qing Dynasty also mentioned this matter in his poem "Inscribed on Muzhao Immortal Cave": "Muzhao Immortal Cave is more than seven miles east of the city. In the first year of Baoyou in the Song Dynasty, the prince of Qingjiang County served his relatives in Cichou, and he took his officials to help him visit. It is said that "the cave is so deep and strange that it is not like the human world". The current inscription is 80 cm long and 60 cm wide, with an inscription of 89 words:
In the first year of Baoyou's reign, he was in Tongchuan, the prefect of Guichou County. Wang Cichou accompanied his relatives to visit the Immortal Cave of Muzhu. They made an appointment to take two cars to Zhaoxingduan County in Kaifeng. They were engaged in Chongqing. Jiao Zhen Lei Qingjiang ordered Zhongnan Qingyang Longsun Fa Cao Cao to Oak Meishan. Cai Changwen went to the cave with him. He was tall and strange. He was eighty years old and walked like flying. The onlookers were attracted by it. Spring 12th
In Ertaiping, where the Watermelon Monument is located, there are still the remains of the Zhoucheng Pig Farm, a modern cultural relic, and a large pond for raising pigs, covering an area of ??about 400 square meters.
What is particularly precious is that the stone gate of the pig farm is well preserved, and the five words "Agriculture Learn from Dazhai" are engraved on the forehead of the arched door. Engraved on the stone gate pillars on both sides are "Taking food as the key link and developing in an all-round way" and "Self-reliance and hard work, April 8, 1975". Next to the stone gate is a square stone tablet with the text "Quotations from Chairman Mao: The pig industry must have a great development."
Near Liuzhou City, there are also Zhaigou Cliff Tombs of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yangqueba Qing Important cultural relic sites include the Daihuang Family Tombs and the Tomb of the First Year of Hongxian in Huolongxi. According to the records of "Qingjiang County located ten miles east of Acropolis" and "Magong Spring" in the "Enshi County Chronicle", the old site of Jujiang County should also be in the area of ??Tongtian Cave.