Where is the real Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor?

1. Central County of Shaanxi;

2. Jingshan, Lingbao, Henan;

3. Zhuolu, Hebei

4. Gansu Zhengning

1. County in central Shaanxi;

The Yellow Emperor, whose surname was Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, was the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is said that more than 5,000 years ago, he united with Emperor Yan to defeat Chi You, unified the tribes in the Central Plains, and integrated many tribes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to the Yangtze River Basin to establish the Huaxia tribe, the predecessor of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor led the people to make clothes and crowns, build boats and carts, raise sericulture, create writing, establish medicine, establish arithmetic, and invent the compass... This ended the barbarism and turmoil and created a five-thousand-year civilization of the Chinese nation.

The Yellow Emperor’s Mausoleum is located in Huangling County, south of Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. It is the location of the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation. It is a famous tourist attraction with beautiful mountains and clear waters and pleasant scenery.

It is said that the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu, Shandong, died in Jingshan, Henan, and was buried in Qiaoshan, Shaanxi. Qiaoshan is located 1 km north of Huangling County. The mausoleum is located on the top of Qiaoshan. Qiaoshan is surrounded by Jushui and mountains, with towering ancient cypresses. There is a road leading from the top of the mountain to the front of the mausoleum. There is a stone tablet on the top of the mountain, called the dismounting stone, with the words "All civil and military officials will dismount here." In ancient times, all those who offered sacrifices to the mausoleum had to dismount their horses here and walk to the mausoleum. There was a sacrificial pavilion in front of the mausoleum, and a tall stone tablet was erected in the pavilion, with three characters "Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" written by Guo Moruo on it. There is another stone tablet behind the memorial pavilion with the four words "Qiaoshan Longshuang" written on it.

The Huangdi Mausoleum is located in the center of the platform on the top of the mountain. The tomb is 3.6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference. It is surrounded by bricks and flowers. Surrounded by forests of ancient cypresses, it is quiet and profound. Governments of all dynasties have attached great importance to the protection of ancient cypresses in Huangling. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there were instructions or orders to protect Huangling. According to the records of Huangling County, there are more than 63,000 cypress trees in Qiaoshan, covering an area of ??approximately 4 square kilometers.

There was a precedent for worshiping the Yellow Emperor’s Mausoleum in the Western Han Dynasty, but the place of worship has never been unified. Starting from the fourth year of Hongwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (1371), there was an epoch-making change in the worship of ancestors in the Yellow Emperor’s Mausoleum. There are different opinions on the location of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, and the memorial ceremony is not specific to one place. For example, the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Jingshan, located in Yangping Town, 20 kilometers west of Lingbao City, is still very famous. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Zhongshu Province was sent to Guan Gou offered sacrifices, and at this time it was basically confirmed that the emperor's mausoleum was located in Qiaoshan, the central county. In the 29th year, the King of Qin sent a special official to offer sacrifices. Since then, during the Yongle, Xuande, Jingtai, Tianshun, Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing, Wanli and Tianqi years, the Ming Dynasty sent officials to pay tribute 14 times. The Huangdi Mausoleum in Qiaoshan, Huangling County, Shaanxi Province has been recognized by history.

The mausoleum is 3.6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference. The ring is surrounded by green brick walls. In front of the mausoleum is the inscription "Qiaoshan Dragon Control" written in the 15th year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty, which means that the Yellow Emperor "controls the dragon and ascends to heaven". " place. In front is a sacrificial pavilion, on the top of the mountain, with raised eaves and grandeur.

In the pavilion, there is a stele with "Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" written by Guo Moruo. The cemetery area is surrounded by red walls, with a Lingxing Gate on the southeast side and imitation Han Dynasty stone towers on both sides. The grounds of the cemetery area are paved with bricks. It looks simple and elegant. The area in front of the Huangdi Temple is magnificent, with an area of ??about 10,000 square meters on the ground floor of the entrance square. 5,000 large river pebbles were selected for paving, symbolizing the five thousand years of civilization history of the Chinese nation

Historical evidence. "Guoyu·Jinyu" records: "In the past, Shaodian married the Youxi family and gave birth to Huangdi and Yandi. The Yellow Emperor was born from Ji water, and the Yandi was born from Jiang water. The virtues vary according to the characteristics, so the Yellow Emperor was Ji and the Yandi was Jiang. The two emperors used their teachers as teachers. Mutual aid is the result of different virtues." This is the earliest historical record we can see of the birthplaces of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang. "Bamboo Chronicles" records: Emperor Yan "was raised in Jiangshui, so he took Jiang as his surname." "Century of Emperors" records: "The surname of Emperor Yan was Shennong. His mother was Ren Si. , was the concubine of Shaodian. When she was traveling in the Yangtze River of Huashan Mountain, there was a woman named Shen Nong who ascended to Chang Yang and gave birth to Emperor Yan, who had the body of an ox and grew older than Jiang Shui, so she was named Yan." The "Huashan" in "Huashan Zhiyang" refers to the Qinling Mountains in general, and "Yang" refers to the south of the Qinling Mountains. "Historical Records? Supplementary Records of the Three Emperors" also records: "I grew up in Jiangshui, so I took this as my surname." Where is the ginger water? Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in "Shui Jing Wei Shui Zhu": "The Qishui River runs east to the south of Jiangshi City and is Jiangshui." Lishi clearly pointed out that Jiangshui is a tributary of the Weishui River Basin in Baoji today. Records of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, such as "Da Ming Yitong Zhi", "Fengxiang Prefecture Zhi", and "Baoji County Chronicles" all record that "Jiang Shui" refers to the "Qingjiang River" south of the Weihe River in Baoji City today, and "Jiang's City". ” refers to today’s “Ginger Castle”. Famous archaeologist Mr. Xu Xusheng’s research concluded: “There is very good painted pottery art near Jiang Castle, and there were humans inhabiting it at the dawn of our country’s history.

There is no doubt that the names of Jiang Castle and Qingjiang River, as well as the very special Shennong Temple...the whole image has its own origin and is not a figment of later generations...it is also possible that the surname Jiang lives in the old place. "The famous archaeologist Mr. Zou Heng said it more clearly. He said: "The so-called 'Yan Emperor was created from Jiang Shui' can be understood to mean that the earliest place of activity of the Yan Emperor tribe was in Jiang Shui. According to the "Shui Jing Wei Shui Zhu", the ancient Jiangshui was located in the south of Jiang's city, which is now the Zhouyuan area of ??Qishan County, but the exact location is not known. However, according to the "Unification of the Ming Dynasty": There is Jiang's City seven miles south of Baoji County, Fengxiang Prefecture, and there is also Jiangshui in the south of the city. This Jiang's City is now called Jiang Castle, and to the south is Yimen Fort. There is a water in the west of the fort that is still named Qing. Jianghe.

Where are "Jishui" and "Jiang Shui"? The academic community is still conducting research. Most likely in Shaanxi.

2. Jingshan Mountain, Lingbao, Henan Province

The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located on Jingshan Mountain in Yangping Town, 20 kilometers west of Lingbao City, Henan Province. It is where the Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor tribe, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, flourished. Historical evidence.

According to "Historical Records. Fengxiang Book", in ancient times, the disasters in the Jingshan area here were serious, and Emperor Xuanyuan came to Jingshan to check. In order to cure the diseases of the people, the Yellow Emperor dug a cave in the first mountain, drew water from the lake, and cast a tripod at the foot of the mountain. Later generations come here to worship their ancestors in an endless stream. The three large bronze tripods symbolizing the gods of heaven, earth and ancestors have been restored. "The Yellow Emperor collected mountain copper and cast the tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. The tripod was completed, with a dragon's beard hanging down. He came down to welcome the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor mounted a horse, and more than seventy people from the harem of ministers came up. Long Nai went up. The rest of the ministers were not allowed to go up, so they went up. He held the dragon's beard, and the dragon's beard fell down, and it fell from the Yellow Emperor's bow. The people looked up to the Yellow Emperor and held his bow and the beard in his arms, so the place was named Dinghu, and the bow was called the Wuhao. The Yellow Emperor's boots were buried on the tripod plateau, forming the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. Later, people built a tomb of the Yellow Emperor and a temple to offer sacrifices here.

At the west end of the mausoleum, there is a mound with a height of 6 meters and a circumference of 42.5 meters. According to legend, it is the tomb of the Yellow Emperor. There is a Dragon Beard ditch in the southwest of the mausoleum, which is said to be the place where Dragon Beard fell. A kind of Dragon Beard grass grows here, which is said to be transformed by Dragon Beard. There is nothing around it.

The buildings of the Huangdi Mausoleum were destroyed by war many times in history, but they were repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. The main relics that have been restored now include the Xian Palace, the Ancestral Palace, the Corridor, the Tomb, the Mountain Gate, the Sacrifice Pillar, the Tower, the Dragon Expelling Pavilion and other scenic spots, and the heaven, earth, and people's congresses symbolizing the gods of heaven, earth, and ancestors have been cast. Large uranium tripod.

In Henan Lingbao Zhudingyuan, there are a series of place names related to the Yellow Emperor: Zhudingyuan, Dinghu, Jingshan, Chiyou Mountain, Kuafu Mountain, Mulberry Garden..." Not only the old people know Pointing to these places, the story of the Yellow Emperor's life has been passed down from generation to generation. There are also many records in ancient documents. For example, the river water in "Shui Jing" contains:

"The river will meet Panjian water on the right, and the water will flow out of Kuafu of Hu County." Mountain...The lake flows north to the east of Hu County, and flows into the river from the north. "Wei Tu Di Ji" says: Hongnong Lake County is the place where Emperor Xuanyuan ascended to immortality. The Yellow Emperor collected copper from Shou Mountain and cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. There was a dragon hanging down on the tripod. The Yellow Emperor ascended the dragon, and seventy people climbed up to the sky, so the place was named Dinghu Lake. Jingshan is in Fengxiang, and the first mountain is in Puban, connected with Hu County. "Jin Shu Di Dao Ji" and "Taikang Ji" also mention Hu County. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed it into a lake. As the saying goes: The Yellow Emperor rode a dragon to heaven from then on. "Geographical Records" says: Jingzhaohu County has two temples for the Emperor of Zhou, so it is called Hu. Not to mention the Yellow Emperor rising to the dragon. "Xiong Huizhen's case: "The current water (Panjian water) is called Pandou River. It comes out of Qinshan Mountain in the southwest of Langxiang County, which is Kuafu Mountain." Yang Shoujing noted: "The Li family is based on the theory of the Yellow Emperor's ascension to immortality in "The Land of Wei". Tell the story of Huangdi. It is said that Jingshan and Shoushan were originally close to Hu County, and it is said that the Yellow Emperor rides on the dragon. This is proved by the "Han Zhi" does not mention the rising of the dragon, and Gai Yin said that Dinghu is here." Yunding Lake is in the east of Huayin, and the east of Huayin is Hu County, so the theory of Ding Lake in Hu County is ancient."

There are legends of the Yellow Emperor and related place names in many places in our country. The ancient Place names are often carried to all directions as people migrate, and place names that condense the achievements of ancestors are integrated into the mountains and rivers of the new place of residence, turning into immortal monuments. However, in Lingbao, not only does the theory of Dinghu originate very early, but it is also buried underground. Rich cultural relics from the same historical period echo each other above and below ground, but it is rare.

There are two versions of the story about the Yellow Emperor and the tripod in "Historical Records". One is that the Yellow Emperor "obtained the precious tripod and welcomed it." "Ritui pod" can be found in "The Chronicles of the Five Emperors". The second one is Yousi, who said: "In the past, I heard that the Tai Emperor established a divine cauldron, which unified it and unified all things in the world. The Yellow Emperor made three precious tripods, which resembled the heaven, earth and people. Yu received the gold from Jiu Mu and cast it into nine cauldrons, all of which were cooked in the presence of gods and ghosts. After being sanctified, he became prosperous and moved to Xia and Shang Dynasties. The virtue of Zhou Dynasty declined, the society of Song Dynasty collapsed, and the tripod fell into obscurity.

"It is also recorded that Gongsun Qing, a native of Qi, said: "The Yellow Emperor picked the copper from Shou Mountain and cast a tripod at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. When the tripod was completed, a dragon with hanging beard greeted the Yellow Emperor." This can be found in "Benji of Xiaowu" and "Book of Fengchan".

< p> Ancient literati and poets came here to pay their respects. Famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, etc. all came here to pay homage, wrote poems and rhymes, and sighed, "Fan Luo comes to the top, how can I pay homage every year in the lunar calendar?" Around the ninth day of the second lunar month, people flocked to pay homage.

The famous poet He Jingzhi recited impromptu in Zhuyuan: "China has witnessed spiritual treasures for five thousand years. Climbing up Jingshan Mountain and looking out, you will be amazed both in ancient and modern times.

3. Zhuolu, Hebei

1. The ruins of the Yellow Emperor Temple.

The Huangdi Temple ruins are located on a loess slope directly south of the main peak of Qiaoshan Mountain and about 3 miles northeast of Xiaofanshan Village, covering an area of ??about 100 acres. The base of the main hall of Huangdi Temple is nearly square, 17 meters long from east to west, 14.5 meters wide from north to south, and 8 meters high. There are a large number of bricks and tiles piled up on the surface of the temple base. Among the piles are rope pattern bricks, slab tiles and barrel tiles from the Western Han Dynasty, bricks and tiles from the Northern Wei Dynasty, bricks and tiles from the Liao and Jin Dynasties, tiles with various patterns, and dragon-shaped brick carvings. From the exposed section due south of the temple foundation: 0.5 meters below the top plane of the temple foundation, there is a layer of Liao and Jin bricks and tiles, 30 cm thick. Under the layer of Liao and Jin bricks and tiles is a 75 cm thick rammed earth layer. Under the rammed earth layer There are layers of bricks and tiles from the Han and Wei dynasties. Under the layer of bricks and tiles from the Han and Wei dynasties, there is a layer of rammed earth. The further 6 meters below are covered with accumulated soil, so it is unknown how many layers there are. From this, it can be proved that this temple has been rebuilt many times. During the spring plowing season in 1998, Wei Xingjiang, a villager in Xiaofanshan, excavated an exquisite black stone ax 12 meters west of the temple foundation. When it was unearthed, the stone ax was placed among four slabs and covered with a stone slab. If this is the foundation of the northwest corner of the Huangdi Temple, the temple site is more than 40 meters wide from east to west, and its construction date should be before the Longshan Culture period. ①, ② "History of Ming Dynasty? Records of Rites". ③ "History of Ming Dynasty? Records of Taizu". ④ "Central County Chronicle".

Not far from the south of the main hall foundation site, there is a high platform building foundation site. There are two large symmetrical cultural relics scattered on the ground about 50 meters east and west of the foundation site. The objects on the ground include polished surfaces, tire Black pottery with dark patterns, gray pottery, and red pottery with a wall of about 3 mm are rarely seen. The pottery is wheel-made, the walls are very thin, and the firing temperature is relatively high. The identifiable utensils include tripod feet, ke feet, and bean feet, and their decorative patterns include string patterns, rope patterns, additional pile patterns, etc. Mr. Zheng Guang made two on-site observations and believed that the gray pottery was from the Western Zhou Dynasty. As for the black pottery with dark patterns, he did not dare to date it in the absence of comparative cultural relics because he had less contact with northern cultural relics.

In the north of the temple site, there is a half-stone mortar made of square stone. This half-stone mortar is so large that it can only be moved by the combined efforts of three people. On the ditch wall southeast of the Yellow Emperor's temple site, an ancient well collapsed. , the well shaft is 1 meter square, inlaid with cypress boards, and the well depth is about 40 meters.

2. The rock foundation of an unknown building.

About 100 meters southward of the main peak of Qiaoshan, there is a rock foundation for an unidentified building: the length and width are each 1.5 meters square and the height is 1.5 meters. The rock base is hewn from the mountain rock. The lower part is integrated with the rocks on the mountain ridge. I wonder if this is the "Xuanyuan Terrace" recorded in the "Book of Mountains and Seas? Dahuang Xi Jing"? Because looking up from a distance, it looks like a stone table placed on the top of the mountain, so the local people called it "Stone Table" and said it was the place where the Yellow Emperor and the immortals played chess. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's poem "Northern Wind Travel": "The snowflakes on Yanshan Mountain are as big as mats, and they blow down Xuanyuan Terrace." The sentence "The immortal game is not over and the world changes" in the Yuan Dynasty's Xian Yushu's poem "Qiaoshan" all refer to this.

3. Arched stone bridge and stone chamber.

On the south side of the east peak of Qiaoshan Mountain, directly opposite the unidentified building foundation of the main peak, is a naturally occurring arched stone bridge. Standing at the foot of the mountain and looking up, you can see through the holes of the stone bridge. Looking at the blue sky and white clouds, the first sentence of Xian Yushu's poem "Qiaoshan", "Bypassing the sun, moon and stars", describes this scene. There is a hand-excavated stone chamber on the cliff on the northeast side of the stone bridge, and people can climb into it. The stone chamber can accommodate more than ten people for sitting and three or five people for sleeping. The entrance of the cave is so small that it can be blocked with a bundle of firewood.

4. "Tomb"-like mountain.

In the east and west valleys south of the main peak of Qiaoshan, there are naturally formed independent hills like "tombs" surrounded by peaks. One of the valleys to the east rises abruptly from the deep valley, with rocky walls and mountain flowers, trees and green grass growing on it. It is very magnificent.

The top of the peak is slightly concave. When you step on the depression, the mountain makes a dull "empty" sound. In the middle and lower part of the rock on the north side of the mountain, the rock is cut into the shape of a doorway, covered with soil and rocks, and firewood grows densely. To the north of the hill in the valley, there is another mountain ridge extending from the east peak and crossing to the east side of the main peak. The south-flowing mountain water in the valley is first directed to the west, and then turns back to the back of the mountain, which seems to be artificially dug. It flows under the earth cover, so the mountain behind it was cut artificially, and an obvious gap appeared for water diversion. The gap is in the shape of a "▽", about ten meters wide at the top and more than ten meters deep.

In ancient times, emperors often carved mountains into tombs. We suspect that this tomb contains a mountain that embodies various omens, or it may be the place where the Yellow Emperor rested.

5. The stone mortar carved on the top of the mountain.

On the northeastern summit of the main peak of Qiaoshan Mountain, a stone mortar was found carved into the rock on the top of the mountain. Of course, no one can move this stone mortar that is integrated with the entire mountain. This proves that the ancient people who carved stone mortars had the concept of living in this mountain forever from generation to generation.

6. Stone tomb group.

On the northern slope of the top of the mountain with a stone mortar. There are about 30 stone mounds scattered all over the hillside, with a diameter of about 1.5 meters and a height of about 0.5 meters. At the foot of the mountain in the north of the stone tombs are the hot springs under the Qiaoshan Mountain and the Huayu Sacrificial Hall with carved eaves above the hot springs mentioned in "Wei Di Di Ji", as well as the site of the "Hot Spring Palace" mentioned in "Wei Shu Emperor Ji".

7. The remains of the ancient road at the northern foot of Qiaoshan Mountain.

At the northern foot of Qiaoshan Mountain, there is currently only a small trail leading from Xiaofan Mountain to Wenquantun Village. No one knows that there is an official road relic hidden among the firewood and grass. This is what the author discovered fifteen years ago. Found during an investigation. The intact parts of this road that have been preserved intermittently are all 1.5 meters wide. When crossing the hillside, they were smoothed and paved with stones, and the slope is gentle. When encountering cliffs, stone passages were cut out, and the road is relatively better preserved. In an uninhabited and barren mountain with no cultivated land, it is rare for such a wide road to be built in ancient times. It is suspected that this is the way up to Qiaoshan from the ancient "Hot Spring Palace".

9. Emperor's Temple

According to the foundation of the Yellow Emperor's Temple in Zhuoluqiao Mountain with a stone ax, it was rebuilt many times in the Han, Wei, Liao and Jin Dynasties, and the cultural relics of Longshan, Western Zhou and Warring States were discovered, and with reference It depends on the discovery of cultural relics at the "Hot Spring Palace" site. The Yellow Emperor Temple in Zhuoluqiao Mountain was built between the late Yangshao Culture and the early Longshan Culture. It was renovated many times during the Shang, Zhou, Han, Northern Wei, Liao and Jin Dynasties. This is consistent with The ancient place name records and sacrificial records we have seen today are all consistent. It is nearly four thousand years older than the "Qiaoshan Yellow Emperor Mausoleum" in central County.

Henan Lingbao

To be verified

"Qiaoshan" in Zhengning, Gansu:

There are no ruins and no cultural relics to examine.

"Qiaoshan" in central Shaanxi:

One mile north of the central county, at the foot of the mountain is the Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple, which was built in the Ming Dynasty; there are "Xuanyuan Huangdi planted cypress by hand", "Han Wu Emperor hangs armor" "Cypress"; in the pavilion in the temple, there are more than 70 inscriptions in memory of the Yellow Emperor from the Ming and Qing dynasties; on the mountain, there is the "Tomb of the Yellow Emperor" in Xuanyuan, 3.6 meters high and 16 meters in diameter. There is a stele pavilion in front of the "Tomb Tomb". The inscription on the stone stele in the stele pavilion is the four characters "Qiao Ling Long Yu"; further in front, there is the "Ancient Xuanyuan Huangdi Bridge" erected by Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province in the 41st year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1776). There is a stone tablet on the south side of the mausoleum, with the four characters "Hanwu Immortal Platform" engraved on it, which is said to be the place where Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty prayed for immortality.

In addition, no monuments or cultural relics from before the Ming Dynasty can be seen. This mountain was called "Qiaoshi Mountain" before the Ming Dynasty.

First, Zhuoluqiao Mountain in Hebei Province is closely connected with a large number of ancient sites and relics such as Hot Spring Palace, Xuanyuan Hill, Chiyou City, Banquan, Lishan Yao, Shun Temple, and Shundu Pancheng. The sites together are by no means an isolated historical site and historical record that is not related to the historical events of Huangdi. The Yellow Emperor lived a long life. In his later years, it was a peaceful and prosperous era, with no wars or unexpected political changes. He did not die like Shun and Yu when they went on inspection tours in other places, but died of the natural disaster of the Zhuolu earthquake. During the Yellow Emperor's southern tour, his concubine Leizu died in Hengshan. The Yellow Emperor even ordered his mother to guard the road and transport her back to the capital for burial. After the Yellow Emperor's death, it was at a time when relief and relief were urgently needed after an earthquake. Why not be buried there? To the northwest of the capital, there was the Xiongguo Qiongshan Mausoleum in ancient times, but why did it have to be transported thousands of miles away to northern Shaanxi or Gansu for burial?

Secondly, there were no bridges built before the Warring States Period in Chinese history, so there was no word "bridge" in the history before the Warring States Period.

Therefore, before the Han Dynasty, at least before the Warring States Period, there was no actual historical place name such as "Qiaoshan". The Yellow Emperor's burial place was "Qiongshan", "Shan Hai Jing" records it as "Qiongshan", and Tai Shigong "Northern Mountain". "Crossing Zhuolu" was recorded as "Qiaoshan" based on the actual sight of bridge-like natural holes on the peaks of Qiongshan. According to the pronunciation of "Qiongshan", based on what we saw, we used the word "Qiao" that existed at that time. This has been obtained from the inscriptions on the "Xianqiong" Huangdi Temple in the Shang Dynasty, the geographical location of the Yellow Emperor's burial place in Qiongshan recorded in the "Book of Mountains and Seas", the historical records of "Qiaoshan" and "Qiaoshan" in Zhuolu County in official history, and The emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty unambiguously worshiped Xuanyuan Huangdi in Zhuoluqiao Mountain, which has been fully confirmed by a large number of historical facts;

Thirdly, Zhuoluqiao Mountain in Hebei Province has historical written records of worshiping Xuanyuan Huangdi. It was more than 3,400 years ago to the end of the Yuan Dynasty; the two so-called "Qiaoshan Yellow Emperor Mausoleums" in Lingbao, Henan and Zhengning, Gansu have no historical records of sacrifices; while Qiaoshan, a county in central Shaanxi, has no historical records of sacrifices since the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. Its worship period is only 630 years old. Don’t you understand which one is true and which one is false?

Fourthly, the ancient architectural foundations of the Yellow Emperor Temple in Zhuoluqiao Mountain, Hebei Province still exist, and stone tools such as stone axes and pottery pieces from the Longshan period have been discovered. According to the cultural relics, the temple was built at the end of Yangshao Culture and the beginning of Longshan Culture. It was subsequently renovated during the Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Han, Northern Wei, Liao and Yuan Dynasties, which is consistent with the written sacrificial records. In this way, in China Among the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleums recorded in different geographical locations on the earth, it is clear which ones are true and which are false.

4. Zhengning, Gansu

Where was Huangdi Xuanyuan, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, buried after his death? Is the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor located in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province? The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Shaanxi has attracted the attention of many Chinese people at home and abroad, and they have gone to pay homage and trace their roots. This seems to prove that the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor should be in Huangling, Shaanxi.

However, after 15 years of painstaking research by Mr. Zhang Yaomin of Longdong University, the evidence is conclusive. Not only does "Historical Records" clearly record the location of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, but also the "Yellow Emperor's Tomb" in Wuqingyuan Township, Zhengning County is today Still exists. Therefore, he wrote a book to prove that the real Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is not in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, but in Wuqingyuan Township, Zhengning County, Gansu Province.

What is Xuanyuan? After studying the inscriptions such as "Xianhou Ding", Mr. Guo Moruo said: "The word Tianyuan is commonly seen in inscriptions. It was originally translated as descendants. I said it should be Tianyuan, which is Xuanyuan." Therefore, he believes that "Tianyu is the name of Xuanyuan." It’s Xuanyuan.” Tianyu is Xuanyuan’s clan name, clan emblem, and clan totem. The turtle is an aquatic animal. The Yellow Emperor used the celestial turtle as a totem, indicating that his totem was an aquatic animal.

Mr. Zhang Yaomin believes that the discovery of the "Huanjiang Pterosaur" provides strong evidence for the Tianyu totem. In early May 1978, while quarrying in Sansanlipu, Qingyang County, present-day Qingyang Prefecture, Gansu Province, people discovered pterosaur fossils in the exploded slate layers. This pterosaur is an aquatic animal with a long neck, short tail, no dorsal vertebrae, a low and long skull, many and slender teeth. It has no feathers on its body and has a smooth surface, but it has two large "wings" that are spread up to two meters long. However, it cannot fly long distances and can only glide by the water's edge and in sparse forests to make a living by pecking at small fish.

Zhang Yaomin compared the "Huanjiang Pterosaur" fossil with the "Xianhou Ding" and other heavenly turtle inscriptions to verify each other. He found that the two were not only similar in appearance, but also confirmed that only Xuanyuan Huangdi ascended to heaven on a dragon after his death. The secret of the world is that the Celestial Turtle is not only a dragon, but also can fly. Tianyu is the pterosaur, which is Xuanyuan. The discovery of pterosaur fossils provides evidence of physical totems for the existence of the Xuanyuan clan

Historical Records records the burial place of the Yellow Emperor

The "Historical Records" says: "The Yellow Emperor died and was buried. Bridge Mountain". "Anthology of Historical Records" quotes Huang Lan as saying: "The tomb of the Yellow Emperor is in Qiaoshan, Shangjun." "Historical Records Suoyin" quotes "Hanshu. Geography" as saying: "Qiaoshan is in Yangzhou County, Shangjun, and there is the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor on the mountain." "Historical Records of Zhengyi" quotes "Kuo Di Zhi" as saying: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located on Ziwu Mountain, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou."

In reviewing historical materials, Zhang Yaomin found that these records all refer to the same place, which is what later generations called Ningzhou Qiaoshan, which is also the Wuqingyuan Township in Zhengning County, Qingyang District today.

In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty mistook the "Qiaoling" in Central County for the "Qiaoling" of Xuanyuan Huangdi. The "History of the Ming Dynasty" recorded Qiaoshan and Huangdi's Tomb in the north of Central County.

From this point of view, there is no objection to the records before the Song Dynasty that the Yellow Emperor's Tomb was located in Qiaoshan, Ningzhou. It’s just that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially the Ming Dynasty, Qiaoshan, Yangzhou County, and the Yellow Emperor’s Tomb were “moved” around, making it difficult to distinguish between true and false, right from wrong, and it must be said to be a historical farce. Chen Yafeng, a lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Law of Longdong University, grew up in Wuqingyuan and knew the Yellow Emperor Tomb very well. He told reporters that the soil layer of the Yellow Emperor Tomb is not a natural soil layer. The soil layer is rammed and the number of layers is clear. He also said that many of the place names here include "Longtoumu" and "Longzuizi", and their names are all related to Huangdi Xuanyuan. The locals call the Yellow Emperor's Tomb "Geda Tomb", "Shenxian Tomb" and so on. The inscription on the "Stele of Chengtian Guan in Ningzhou of the Great Song Dynasty" currently located in the Cultural Palace of Zhengning County also mentions "Xuanqiu", that is, the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor. In a word, the record that "the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located at Ziwu Mountain, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou" finally gives us an irresistible conclusion based on its original tomb site.

The "Twenty-Four Histories" records the burial place of the Yellow Emperor

The "Twenty-Four Histories" says: "The Yellow Emperor died and was buried in Qiao Mountain." "The Anthology of Twenty-Four Histories" quoted Huang Lan as saying: "The tomb of the Yellow Emperor is in Qiaoshan, Shangjun." "Twenty-Four Histories Suoyin" quotes "Hanshu. Geographical Records" as saying: "Qiaoshan is in Yangzhou County, Shangjun, and there is the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor on the mountain." "Twenty-Four Histories of Justice" quotes "Kuo Di Zhi" as saying: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located on Ziwu Mountain, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou." Zhang Yaomin found in his review of historical records that these records all refer to the same place, which is what later generations called Ningzhou Qiaoshan, which is also the Wuqingyuan Township in Zhengning County, Qingyang Prefecture today. Why is it said that the Xuanyuan Huangdi Tomb is located in the five hectares of plateau in Zhengning County, Qingyang area? From a geographical perspective, Luochuan County (now Luochuan Town, Zhengning County) in the Sui Dynasty was on the west side of Qinzhi Road on Qiaoshan Mountain, while Qinzhi Road on Qiaoshan (i.e. Xuanqiu) was ninety miles east of Luochuan County. According to "Kuo Di Zhi" 》 says: "The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is located eighty miles east of Ziwu Mountain in Luochuan County, Ningzhou." Luochuan County is ninety miles west of the Qinzhidao Road in Qiaoshan, while the Yellow Emperor's Tomb is ten miles west of the Qinzhidao Road. Ten miles west of this is the five hectares of plateau land in today's Zhengning County.

So, why are there various theories about the location of the Yellow Emperor’s Mausoleum? And why was it moved to Huangling County, Shaanxi Province? Zhang Yaomin believes that one of the reasons is that some historians are unclear about geographical changes. Checking the "Twenty-Five Histories", before the Song Dynasty, the records of the location of the Yellow Emperor's Tomb were all "Ziwu Mountain, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou". Starting from the "History of Jin", Qiaoshan was changed from Yuanyang Zhou The county (now Zhengning County in Qingyang area) moved into the central county (now Huangling County, Shaanxi Province). In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty mistakenly thought that the "Qiaoling" in the central county was the "Qiaoling" of Xuanyuan Huangdi. Then, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" recorded Qiaoshan and Huangdi's Tomb in the north of the central county.

It seems that the records before the Song Dynasty say that the tomb of the Yellow Emperor is located in Qiaoshan, Ningzhou, but there is no objection. It's just that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the Ming Dynasty, Qiaoshan, Yangzhou County, and the Yellow Emperor's Tomb were "moved around", making it difficult to distinguish the true from the false. farce.

The remains of the "Yellow Emperor's Tomb" are in Zhengning County

The original "Zhengning County Chronicle" says: The Yellow Emperor's Tomb is located on Qiaoshan in Xitou Village, northeast of Qiutou Town, in the southeast of the county, with a peak towering over the valley. There are lush green vegetation and a deserted tomb on top. Next to it is a monument with the inscription: "Where the Yellow Emperor was buried with his clothes and crown". This Yellow Emperor's Tomb is exactly the Yellow Emperor's Tomb where Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worshiped.

The Tomb of the Yellow Emperor stands proudly high on the loess plateau of Wuqingyuan Township, Zhengning County. Although it has been drained away by water and soil for thousands of years, it is still magnificent. Except for the east side of the tomb collapsing into the valley, the original tomb is basically well preserved. The tomb is 10-60 meters high. There are 18 horizontal terraces in the western half. Each step is 1-3 meters high and 1-2 meters wide. Nearly a thousand fruit-bearing walnut trees are planted on it. The top of the tomb was originally in the shape of a rectangular "overturned bucket", but now it is oval in shape, about 70 meters long from north to south, about 30 meters wide from east to west, with a plane or surface area of ??1500-1800 square meters.

Huangdi ancestral halls and temples have existed in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and other places, and some still exist today. They are all based on the theory that "the Yellow Emperor collapsed and was buried in Qiaoshan," but there is no strong evidence for any of them. The tomb of the Yellow Emperor is "located in Ziwu Mountain, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou", which is well-founded.

In line with the great respect for Xuanyuan Huangdi, the common ancestor of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains, and the Chinese nation's feelings of respecting their ancestors, Zhang Yaomin believes that it is noble to build shrines and temples to Xuanyuan Huangdi no matter when and where they are built. Yes, it is beyond reproach, "the sacrifice is here"! But where is the Xuanyuan Huangdi Tomb? It is not necessary to clarify and restore the true nature of history.

In November 1993, Mr. Zhang Yaomin went to Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, visited the "Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" and the "Xuanyuan Temple", researched many of their promotional materials and existing cultural relics, and held consultations with relevant people. , and raised many doubts. Is there any evidence for the suggestion that "Huang Emperor planted cypress by hand"? The other party replied: "Look, such a big cypress tree has been around for five thousand years. Who else would have planted it if not the Yellow Emperor?" The joke is obvious. "The Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum in Shaanxi does not have any historical evidence. It is just obtained from a local Xuanyuan Temple." Zhang Yaomin said in an interview with reporters. How do we treat the site of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum? Zhang Yaomin believes that we should respect history, not joke with the history of the Chinese nation, not forget about our ancestors, and tamper with historical facts at will; we must unequivocally acknowledge historical records without any lies. Except for the record of "Mt. Ziwu, eighty miles east of Luochuan County, Ningzhou" where the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is located, there is no record of an actual burial place before "Historical Records". Only by honestly admitting it can we truly know the location of the Mausoleum. To prevent Chinese and foreign people from being suspicious of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, and to restore the true colors of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum.