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In the mid-1980s, a large number of Shang and Zhou cultural relics, including bronzes, jades and pottery, were unearthed in Yuanlongpo, Anyang, Matou Town, Wuming County, Guangxi. In some pottery, there are some symbols similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and some tombs are built into boat shapes with ballast stones. It is the first time that so many Shang and Zhou cultural relics have been unearthed at one time in Lingnan area, which has attracted the attention of all parties. It triggered a new round of research on the legendary Luoyue ancient country. The county party committee and government of Wuming, China, published a series of Wuming Luoyue Culture in Zhuang Township of China, and CPPCC also published a set of Wuming Cultural Heritage Collection, both of which were published by Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House.
The unearthed cultural relics in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are not only large in quantity, but also high in quality. Many cultural relics can only be owned by royal family members. Around the source of these cultural relics, historians and archaeologists have their own opinions. Some people think that the products made by the ancestors of Zhuang nationality are local products, but I don't think there are any jade mines in Wuming or even Guangxi. Where did so many jade articles come from? The second view is that this is a gift from Shang Zhouwang to King Luo Yue. This is also impossible for the following reasons: (1) Only one or two gifts can be sent, but there are thousands of unearthed jade articles, so it is impossible to send so many; (2) It is impossible to give weapons as gifts, but where did a large number of unearthed weapons come from? The third kind of scholar is cautious. The representative of this attitude is Mr Qin. Mr. Qin said in the article "Special Excavation" that Guangxi Shang and Zhou culture and Luoyue ancient capital; "The original Daming Mountain Temple in Miaokou Village, Quanzeng Village, Matou Town, Wuming County has been destroyed, but the stone pillars in the Tang Dynasty are still visible. It can be seen that the temple has a long history. According to several old people, Shang Zhouwang and da ji were originally enshrined in the temple.
Strange, I have traveled all over China, and I have never seen or heard of offering sacrifices to Shang Zhouwang and.
What about the temples in da ji? I didn't expect to hear it here!
Why should we worship Shang Zhouwang and da ji? The old people said that there was a rule of "heavenly book" in ancient times. This legend is certainly not a messenger, but is there any historical footprint or clue in it? ..... This makes me think deeply ... In Shang Dynasty, from the end to the end, Pan Geng moved to Yin, and 30 kings passed. Many of them have made great achievements. Why not sacrifice to those kings who have made outstanding achievements? Why not sacrifice to this tyrant, the king of national subjugation? There must be a special reason that we don't know yet. If we link this question with the copper halide discovered by Matou and the folk customs of Zhuang nationality, we may find the answer. (See Collection of Wuming Cultural Heritage (Volume II), pages 6 12, 6 13, edited by Wuming County Political Consultative Conference and published by Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House).
I have read these two series of articles intermittently in the past two years. I found that some opinions were unreasonable in reason, so I wrote some critical articles and sent them to the county CPPCC and the county cultural bureau (I didn't send them because I didn't know the address of the experts concerned). In order to find the "spider clue", I read some related articles.
I finally found the trace of the spider. There is such a passage in the article "The Discovery of Luoyue Ancient Capital and the Inheritance and Analysis of Folk Culture" written by Su Hua Qinghe Du. "According to Huang Quanan's textual research officer, many years ago, there was a place name at Matou, which was called Harding in Zhuang language. Many Han Chinese can't speak Zhuang language and can't see the place names clearly. " Harding "is the place where officials rest." Ha "is the official meaning, and Yuan Longpo is also called" Naha ". In my opinion, the Ding mentioned here is not a place for officials to rest, but a place for officials or officials to fetch water. There are many reservoirs in Wuming Shantang, which are called "Ding". For example, Muding Reservoir in Matou, Dingluo Reservoir in the county, and the calibration reservoir built in the town are all well-known and built in "fixed" places.
Get up. In the dictionary, the correct word is "listen", which has the same pronunciation and meaning in Zhuang and Chinese. Some places in China are also named after "pavilions" (halls), such as Guanting Reservoir in Beijing, Tingsi Bridge in Hubei and Tingjiang River in Changting City, Fujian Province. Because they misunderstood the meaning of "Ding", I had another idea. Do Zhuang and Chinese words have the same address? To this end, I began to sort out the similarities and differences of some basic terms in Chinese and Zhuang language, and tried to interpret some ancient history in Zhuang language.
After a preliminary combing, I found that many ancient Chinese characters have basically the same pronunciation and meaning, but the times have changed. Some ancient Chinese characters have been used and forgotten by the Han people, but the Zhuang people have always insisted on their real names. After a preliminary combing, I got the following impressions:
(a) the strong man turned out to be a family; (2) Strong men and strong women speak the same language (I call it Chinese language, and the time is from the battle for deer to the battle for Makino); (3) The primary stage of Chinese characters is based on Huaxia pronunciation, which is still used by Zhuang people; (4) Shang Zhouwang did not die of self-immolation, but arrived at the Pearl River Estuary by sea, then went north along the Xijiang River to Wuming County, Guangxi, and settled in Matou Town; (5) The ancestors of Zhuang nationality are not native people in Guangxi, but people from the Central Plains who fled to Guangxi with Shang Zhouwang.
The following is my preliminary combing:
First, let's start with historical figures.
The study of history is inseparable from historical figures. There are some famous historical figures here.
1, Chiyou. In Zhuang language, "Chiyou" means "we". When the chieftain of Chiyou tribe holds a mobilization meeting, he will definitely call: "Chiyou" (we) will go forward bravely, not afraid of suffering or death. Its tribe is always talking about "Chiyou", so people call this tribe "Chiyou".
2. Dayu. In Yu's time, people's names were simple words, such as Yao, Shun and Qi.
Why is Jay equal to a two-word name? This needs to be studied.
(1) In ancient China, from Huangdi to Puyi, no emperor was called a king. According to historical records, Yu is Yu without the word "big". Why? It turns out that in Zhuang language, the pronunciation of "Da" refers to rivers, not adjectives, and "Dayu" refers to a river that Yu led the masses to dig, and later generations called those rivers "Dayu" in memory of him. This situation is not uncommon in history. Huangpu River (also known as Huangpu River) commemorates the exhaustion of spring, Xujiang River in Suzhou commemorates Wu Zixu, Liujiang River in Guangxi commemorates Liu Zongyuan, and Liulin from Hexi Corridor to Xinjiang is called "Left" to commemorate Left ... In addition, in history, China also has the habit of naming places. For example, Li Hongzhang is called "Hefei" because he is.
(2) Clarifying the source of the word "Dayu" can clarify two points: First, from the perspective of the word structure, putting "Da" (river) before and "Yu" (person's name) behind conforms to the usage rules of Zhuang language, for example, pork is called "pig" and big trees are called "tree big". Explain that the masses were speaking Zhuang language at that time. Secondly, for Yu's theory of water control, there are criticisms at home and abroad that the production tools in primitive society are very backward and there are few people, so it is impossible to control water. I don't think Yu Can has cured the great rivers. However, we must know that in primitive times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River must be full of swamps, and when it rains, it will flood, making it uninhabitable and unsuitable for farming. But the terrain is gentle and the water is not deep. Just dig a ditch one or two meters deep to drain the water. Yu water control project belongs to this category, also called small watershed management.
3. Yi Yin.
Yi Yin used to be a slave to a country full of talented people, but he was short and small. When Shang Tang knew about it, he proposed to Xin Guojun's daughter and asked Yi Yin to marry him as a slave. Xin Guojun agreed to Shang Tang's request. Shang Tang became prime minister as soon as he got Yi Yin. With the help of Yi Yin, Shang Tang wiped out the Xia Dynasty. After Shang Tang's death, he assisted four Shang kings in the early Shang Dynasty and became a veteran of the Five Dynasties, which made great contributions to the long-term stability of the Shang Dynasty and became the first famous soldier in ancient China. On page 10 of "Five Thousand Years Up and Down in China, Five Thousand Years Up and Down in the World" (published by China Overseas Chinese Publishing House), edited by Mr. Zhai and Mr. Yu Haidi, there is a description of Yi Yin: "A Heng Shi Wei Shi influenced Shang Wang, which is a tribute to Yi Yin's achievements in serving as" A Heng "official position to assist Shang Wang".
Here, what is "Aheng" is not clear. In Wuming Zhuang language (according to the implementation plan of Zhuang language, Wuming Zhuang language is the standard pronunciation of Zhuang language), "Aheng" should be pronounced as "Ha Hong" and "Hong" is big. Translated into Chinese, it is a big official. As a prime minister, one person is below and ten thousand people are above. This official is big enough. This is a ... Secondly, put the official (ha) in front, put (macro) behind, and the big official is called "official big", which conforms to the rules of Zhuang language; Thirdly, this is the lyrics of a song praising the Prime Minister, and the language is of course the national language (or lingua franca) of Shang Dynasty. It can be seen that today's Zhuang language is the national language at that time; Fourthly, it proves once again that "Dayu" refers to rivers, not people, and "macro" is great. At that time, "big" as an adjective had not yet appeared.
4. da ji.
The name da ji is the name of a Zhuang woman, which is generally uncontroversial. In the "Mystery of China History" edited by Mr. Qin Quan (published by Nanhai Publishing Company), there is such a description on page 108:
As the "fox leader" in the history of China, da ji may feel wronged, and Guan Hanqing avenges Dou E, but I don't know when Su Daji will wear this "fox" hat.
I want to say two things here:
(1) Shang dynasty had no surname. Even in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' father was not surnamed Kong, and Qin Shihuang's sons, one named Fu Cha and the other named Hu Hai, had no surnames. Then why do you call her Su Daji? It turns out that in Zhuang language, "Su" means kindness. Su Daji is "kind da ji".
(2) In the study of Luoyue ancient country, many experts and scholars think that the king of Luoyue ancient country is a beautiful, kind and hardworking queen. As the core of Luoyue culture, the story of Dragon Mother is widely spread, and there are dragon mother temples everywhere, far exceeding the number of Confucius temples. The prototype of this story is obviously da ji, who is revered as the dragon mother in the story and worshipped everywhere. The mother musical instrument has existed for 3,000 years, and there is only Su Daji in the world!
Second, the origin of Zhuang name and Shang name,
Zhuang nationality, an ancient writing nation, appeared in the Song Dynasty. Because "Tong" is an uncommon word, many people use the word "Tong", which has a derogatory meaning, and it was changed to "Zhuang" only after Premier Zhou discovered it.
Why is it called Zhuang nationality? It turns out that in Zhuang society, in addition to agriculture, the word "business" has been added to all walks of life, such as selling rice noodles, killing pigs, plasterers, wine sellers, doctors and so on. What does "Shang" mean? It turns out that "Shang" is a respectful name for employees in new industries, which is equivalent to "boss", "master" and "sir" now. In Shang dynasty, all kinds of handicrafts and commerce
Quite developed, although it is not clear whether the Shang people called it that way, the origin of Zhuang's name is closely related to this. In Zhuang language, Shang and Zhuang are homophones, and both pronounce "Shang, Shang". And it is in line with the name of the Shang dynasty, and the name of the Shang dynasty may be the same!
Third, sort out some original Chinese characters.
1, column. Zhuang people call houses "fences". Now I have bought houses in Nanning and Guilin, which is also called "buy". The ancient Central Plains also called those thatched houses "railings", and some ancient poems also mentioned "railings" from time to time, such as "leaning on railings". Now the central plains region also calls the place where cattle live "cowshed". Later, with the Qin brick and Han tile, the place where people lived gradually changed its name to houses and houses. The column was forgotten.
Two, bang. When the ancients built thatched cottages, they used branches as doors. This kind of Chai Men is called Peng. Later, there was A Qin Brick Hanwa, and the door was made of wood. This kind of door made of wood was gradually renamed as a door, and it was not called "bang". Even so, when Qin Shihuang built the Lingqu in Xing 'an, Guangxi, in order to adjust the water level, he set a switch on the canal, which was called "Doumen", which was both a bucket and a door. Later, the switches on large-scale water conservancy were called locks, gates, etc. instead of Doumen. But there are many small-scale water conservancy projects called Doumen. This is about Watergate. In society, the function of doors has been widely expanded. In addition to doors, there are religious sects and scientific categories. Heaven and earth have doors, state-owned doors, machines have valves, football has valves, people have lives and brains have tricks. In Zhuang language, there is only one "tribute" since ancient times.
3. Macro. In Zhuang language, "macro" means big. For example, "It rains heavily in Nanning" means "It rains heavily in Nanning", and people who don't understand will say "How does it rain red in Nanning?" Another example is: "That old blackboard is not macro enough", and people who don't understand will definitely say: "Where is a black and red blackboard in the world?" "Macro" is primitive and later derived from Chinese characters "big" and "micro". Zhuang nationality also
It insists on macro characters, so Han people don't understand it.
4. width. Wide pronunciation is the same as strong man, but words such as big, wide and wide are derived from Chinese characters, which are used together with wide characters, greatly broadening their functions.
5. Lu In Zhuang language, the ship is called Lu. There is a place called Gulu in Matou Town. The word "ancient" here should be pronounced as "fruit" because the folk storytelling of Zhuang nationality is also called "telling fruit". On the other hand, in Zhuang language, "fruit" and "bundle" both mean to tie. The land of "Gulu" should be a ferry in ancient times, hence the name Matou.
Look from the glyph, the word Lu is small at both ends and big in the middle, which is a boat shape and an image word. The story of "fishing and killing the whole family" in Shang Dynasty was probably caused by the criss-crossing river network in southern Shandong, and Liang lived up to his reputation. Because of this, shipbuilding and water transportation are developed there, so it is called Lu State. In later history, rowing was also called rowing, so in ancient times, water transportation was called land and boats were called later. In addition, the ancient name of Lu can also be found in dictionaries. Xinhua Dictionary (version 10) has different ways of writing traditional Chinese characters in Lu: Zha? Obviously, as a rowing tool, the word paddle is next to the word wood, while as a boat, the word paddle is next to the word boat. Why do you write like this? Maybe the word "boat" was not published at that time. After the word "boat" was born, people liked the new and hated the old, and put it in the cold. This is one of them. Secondly, the expression of the word "fat" on page 635 of Xinhua Dictionary can also be seen: "Fat:" The ship is connected with the bow, which also refers to the ship connected from end to end. "The pronunciation of Zhuang language is' Shu Lu',' Shu' means tie,' Lu' means ship, which together means tie, and the meaning is clear.
In addition to the above, I also found some strong men with the same pronunciation and similar meanings: Kun (husband), Ya (wife), Aunt, Sister-in-law, crotch, pendulum, floor, gang, rope, sticky, loose, hat, yes, enough, desk, stool and so on.
Pots, beds, axes, onions, garlic, mugwort and so on.
Due to the coincidence of the strong men's language and words, as well as the local old people's statements, a large number of unearthed cultural relics confirm each other, and now we can conclude that the ancestors of Zhuang nationality came from the Central Plains.