You don't have to be far from the civilized world to find a living environment. Natural disasters, riots and military operations will cut off all daily services and food supplies. Until they recover, you have to rely on your own resources and skills to arrange your life.
Without power supply, heating, hot water, lighting, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, everything will stop. If disaster
It is not global. Radio and TV that use batteries occasionally provide news from other parts of the world. But don't count on mail, telephone and newspapers. Tap water pipes stop working, faucets can't supply water, and toilets can't be used.
Natural resources can also be used in rural areas, but in big cities, food shelves in shops will be emptied-sold or taken away; Once private reserves are exhausted, plants in parks and gardens will be skinned. In order to survive, people have to rob in the countryside. Rural residents have more vegetable fields and vast space to get food, while those who are far away from the noisy city center are more likely to have their own food reserves because they don't rely on shops.
Most families have some food reserves. We should ration food and try our best to find food to supplement it.
8. 1 Food storage It is a good habit to store food, especially if you live in a place isolated from the outside world-this place will become completely cut off from food supply. If you keep food in the storeroom for a year and replenish it after use, you can not only survive the worst, but also the price increase for several years.
The reserve can't be achieved overnight, but it can be gradually increased. Take advantage of the special offer of the supermarket, add an extra catty or a bag and store it. Food should be stored in a cool, dry and dark place, and should not touch the ground-humidity and high temperature will cause bacteria and mildew in food. If placed on the ground, insects and rodents will use it instead. Ensure that all containers are protected from insects and rodents.
Remember: turn the can to prevent food from settling and separating. Mark the food type and shelf life on each can or bag with an indelible waterproof pen. Use in sequence-save first, then use, and use properly. If the label falls off, you should still remember its contents.
The choice of food depends on personal taste, but simple and easy-to-cook food (salted beef is better than beef tendon and beef dumplings) will be better preserved and can be used in a wider range. It is better to preserve wheat than flour. Compared with flour, wheat is less susceptible to moisture and less affected by light, pests and temperature changes. Although the wheat found in the pyramids has gone through thousands of years, it is still well preserved. But wheat must be ground into powder to eat, so you should have a small mill at hand.
Sealed preservation
Anti-corrosion tank with threaded mouth is an ideal choice for storing food. Plastic containers (with suitable closed lids) can also be used. Don't fill it too full, so as not to damage the container or seal the lid badly. Seal the lid with adhesive tape and reseal it after use. But remember, once the lid is opened, the food will start to go bad.
Recommended food and shelf life of food
Wheat: indefinitely, below 15℃. Oats: indefinitely
Milk powder: 2 years egg powder: 2 years
Honey: canned indefinitely: 3-5 years (updated on time)
Salt: If absolutely dry, indefinitely. Cooked oil: 2 years (updated on time)
rationing
Daily rations can be provided by using various menus-both dry ice and dehydrated food. These foods are lighter and take up less space than canned foods. Dry and frozen food is the best, and its taste and internal tissue are well preserved. Minerals lost in dehydrated foods can also be preserved in frozen foods, although water is needed to recover them well. Under extreme conditions, it can be eaten by dry chewing.
vitamin
It is worthwhile to buy multivitamin tablets. Most of the vitamins stored in the body can maintain the needs of the human body for one month. If you don't supplement it afterwards, it will affect your health. In a state of mental stress, the vitamins stored in the human body will be consumed quickly. Vitamin B (as well as minerals, calcium and zinc) will be lost first. Vitamin tablets can't be kept indefinitely-check the product description.
Other foods
Dried fruits and nuts are nutritious and easy to preserve. For example, raisins only need to be kept dry, and nuts with shells can be preserved for a long time. Bags of salted dried fruits, such as peanuts, Brazilian walnuts, walnuts, etc., are very nutritious.
Potato powder can fill the stomach well, and many methods can be used to make it delicious.
Brown rice is more nutritious than long-grain white rice, and white rice will lose all its essence after cooking.
storage location
The lower the temperature in the storage area, the better the storage-the basement is ideal, but because of the humidity, it will cause many problems, so all the storage should be far away from the ground and checked regularly. If the outside light can penetrate into the basement, cover it. It is best to store things in the dark.
It's ok to store things in the attic-you don't need to get them every day. However, in summer, the attic will become very hot and it will be difficult to get up-especially the ladder is the only means to climb the attic-which will make the week of a large number of stocks very inconvenient. In most disasters, the roof is also more fragile. If an area is likely to be hit by a hurricane, it is not a good choice to put things in the attic. Basements are equally dangerous in flood-prone areas. Shelter can also be provided under the stairs, although the space may be a little narrow. The place you choose should be the most convenient place to take things (including not only food, but also medicines, disinfectants, detergents and water). If you put things in several places, the reserves in each place are different, so be prepared.
Increase your reserves.
Toothpaste, soap, disinfectant and bleaching powder washing powder
Daily medication: drugs for dysentery, gastrointestinal discomfort and allergies, commonly used painkillers.
Shoulder straps and clothes
8.2 priorities
Unless it is completely destroyed, or this place has become a dangerous zone, demobilization is imperative, and home is a good refuge. Damaged buildings should be repaired to prevent them from being further eroded by storms. Take permanent repair measures as far as possible.
Water supply may be a problem, because even in floods, drinking water is in short supply. If you get early warning and keep something in the house in time, you will be much luckier.
It is not a big problem to use fire to keep warm, because there will be flammable materials in and around the house, and pollution is the biggest problem, so strict sanitary measures must be taken.
8,2, 1 water
Although a family of four consumes a lot of water every week, only a small part of it is used for drinking-an average of 2 liters of water per person per day. If you receive an alarm in advance, fill all the containers that can be used to hold water. A bathtub can hold several gallons of water, plug the overflow to increase the volume, use garbage bins, buckets, cans-even tough polyethylene bags, and if it is only half full, fasten the belt.
Store water in a dark place. If exposed to light, algae will grow in water. The water is big and heavy. Don't store it in the attic, or it may collapse the attic floor.
Even if there is no alarm in advance, some water should be stored in the water storage tank, heating pipe, water tank or even fish tank. You can also store a small amount of water in the toilet tank-don't let the water run away. Use the water in the swimming pool, bucket or pond outside the house-even the water in the car tank. The water in the heating center is usually deoxygenated, and the water in the car water tank may contain antifreeze. The water drawn from these places is best used only for cleaning purposes. If you have to drink them, boil them first, then absorb the steam with a clean cloth, wring out the water, and then boil the water (or see "Necessary Items").
Boiled water tastes weak, and distilled water is even weaker. It is easy to make water taste. Oxygen can be added: just pour water from one container into another container and repeat it several times. When the water is boiling, putting a small piece of charcoal at the bottom of the container also helps to add flavor.
Filtering and disinfection
Water needs to be filtered and disinfected before drinking. If there is no condition for boiling water to implement disinfection measures, use chemicals for disinfection.
Filtration: put water in a container for a period of time to allow impurities to settle down, and then suck it into a filter for filtration. Nylon stockings can be used as a filter (or other porous material), and socks are filled with sand (bottom), charcoal and moss (top).
Disinfection: add two drops of household bleach per liter of water or three drops of 2% iodine per liter.
Turbid water: double the dosage of bleaching powder or iodine.
Plenty of water: per liter 1/2 teaspoons of bleaching powder.
Eat with water.
When cooking food with water, the water should be boiled for at least 8 minutes. But water that has not been boiled for a long time can be used to heat canned food, if the food is not in direct contact with water.
Stand the jar upright in the water. Make a small hole in the top of the jar to avoid explosion, and block the hole with a small piece of cloth to prevent water from entering.
Or, boil the water. Take the hot water out of the fire and put it in an unopened jar. It takes longer to adopt this heating method.
Collect water
Collect all possible rainwater. Break the lower part of the sewer pipe and let the water flow into a container, such as a trash can. Even if the rain is pure, the sink may pollute it-so disinfect it.
Spread a tarpaulin or plastic film with a stick as a container for collecting rainwater, and wash it between rains to reduce pollution.
Dig a pit, lay a plastic film at the bottom of the pit, or build a pool with concrete and cover it to prevent water evaporation and sundries from falling.
If the local water level is high, you can dig underground to find water-there may be a well in your legacy that may be reopened for use.
Using solar distillers and plant transpiration (see "necessities") is another way to obtain water.
water conservancy
Don't waste water on washing clothes. Don't pour out the used water, it can be reused after precipitation.
It is very important to wash your hands before preparing food. The rest of your body can wait until it rains. Your body will secrete oil. As long as your pores are open, it will not affect your health. Soon you will get used to this unpleasant smell, and there are few social occasions in this dangerous situation. If there are few shower conditions and the shower interval is long, you can scrub your body with a wet cloth-put the cloth on the lawn or shrub at night to absorb enough dew for scrubbing, so as not to consume your own reserve water.
Priority must be given to bathing the wounded, and all their clothes should be boiled and disinfected regularly.
Eight, two, two fires
Fire brings warmth and comfort and can cheer people up, but its most important use is to boil water and preserve food. When fuel is available, the latter must be given priority. The blocked fireplace needs to be repaired and cleaned again, and at the same time, it is necessary to check whether there are sundries in the chimney. If it is not cleaned in time, the possibility of chimney fire will greatly increase, endangering the house.
Clean the chimney
Tie a holly bush or similar bush to a long rope, put the rope into the chimney from the roof (tie it to the bottom with stones to ensure it falls), and the fallen bush can clean the chimney.
A simple fireplace
If there is no fireplace, the metal container, metal dustbin and water tank in the heating center can all be used to make a fire. You can also make a fire directly on the flat concrete floor. If you have a barbecue table, make good use of it
When building a fire in the house, never throw it away. Even a well-burned fireplace will go out at night if no one is watching.
fuel
Furniture, trees, shrubs, bean stalks, swings, ladders and tool handles can all be used at first, and carpets, curtains and cushions can also be used as fuel when burned out. Cardboard, books and newspapers also have amazing heat, and various locomotive fuels can also be used for ignition. Fire can also be used for heating and lighting.
Warning: Many modern fabrics and furniture, especially PVC and large foam furniture, will release toxic gases when burning. If such articles are burned, the fireplace should be placed in the garden, and if it must be used indoors, it should be placed near the open window. Cover your face with a damp cloth when you want to look after the stove and handle the things heated on it.
8, 2, 3 Food □ Count all the food in the house and immediately implement fixed-point supply.
-Eat perishable food first, fatty food goes bad first, and canned food goes bad last.
Remember: once the power is cut off, the refrigerator and freezer will stop working-however, as long as you open the doors of the refrigerator or freezer as little as possible and keep them open for as short a time as possible, the cooling function will last for a while.
Milk can be kept longer after boiling.
-Boil the eggs, or coat them with grease (the traditional way to preserve fresh eggs) and soak them.
□ The meat is cooked. First, cooked pork (the highest fat content), followed by mutton, and then beef (the best preserved food).
Once the food is cooked, let it cool down and don't heat it again, otherwise there will be a danger of food poisoning.
You can only cook a little food at a time, and the rest can be put in the refrigerator or freezer-while they can still cool down.
Food in the garden
Four-petal vegetables, including all Chinese cabbages, can be eaten from yellow grass flowers that often grow on walls to Chinese cabbages. Although hollyhock tastes bad, it is rich in nutrition. Earthworms, slugs and snails can also be eaten. Don't eat bulbs, such as daffodils, tulips, aconites, etc., which are poisonous.
In the wild farther away
Looking for other plants in the garden and the wild, or catching wild animals through hunting and setting up institutions, will enrich your diet. If you put bait in the net (see "food caught in traps and nets"), then birds in the city, especially pigeons and seagulls, will often appear on the table.
Poke a sore spot
Pay attention to the plants near the house-some of them are poisonous, especially evergreen and Camptotheca acuminata plants-although they can be eaten.
If there is a shortage of food, you can't share it with your pets, and don't be too polite. If the water in the aquarium must be used for drinking, don't waste fish. In fact, fish can be obtained easily even if water is not needed. Cats can be put into the pot to cook. Once you lose your hair, it's hard to distinguish it from a hare. Gerbils, voles, rabbits and budgies can all be used as food to satisfy hunger. Dogs can also be killed and eaten if they are not particularly good hunters.
Preserve food
There are many ways to preserve food, such as smoking, pickling, making pickles and hot and sour condiments (see "Food Preservation" in the chapter "Food").
When the refrigerator is not working, remove the compressor, cut a hole in the bottom of the refrigerator, put the refrigerator on a stone or brick, and make a fire under it as a fumigation room.
8, 2 and 4 Shelters should give priority to buildings with intact roofs and strong buildings. Clean up all discarded debris to ensure that nothing will suddenly collapse or fall from the sky and cause harm. Take some slate tiles and bricks from other buildings to ensure that at least one building is intact.
When the weather is cold
Stay in your room and save your strength. Choose a room facing south (if you live in the northern hemisphere), preferably on the ground floor. Seal all vents and don't open the door at will. If you make a fire in the house to keep warm, make sure it is well ventilated to avoid suffocation or carbon monoxide poisoning (gas poisoning). Wearing warm clothes helps to save fuel. The more people in the house, the higher the temperature. Take more rest and minimize physical exertion.
When the weather is hot
Use the rooms upstairs and enlarge them. Open downwind windows downstairs and all leeward windows upstairs. Open all the doors and a cool breeze will blow into the room. Rest during the day and leave all the necessary work for the evening.
move
If the house can't be repaired, or other pressures force you to leave, take important necessities-food, blankets, tools, medicines, water containers and suitable materials for building shelters-and if it is not easy to find them, use a stroller or shopping cart as a means of transportation. You can find an empty room or other building, or you can set up a tent somewhere else.
Eight, two, five students
After the disaster, health is very important. Open sewers, polluted water and accumulated garbage can cause and spread diseases, and germs carried by rats, fleas and other insects will multiply rapidly. Clean up all wastes carefully, and all the above procedures are still applicable.
night soil
Urine is non-toxic, but if it is accumulated in large quantities, it will stink and attract flies.
To build a toilet (see "Tent" in the chapter "Set up a tent"), stay away from the house so as not to smell the smell, but be close enough to facilitate "emergency". A box with a hole in the bottom can be used as a toilet. After use, if there is water, wash it instead of using toilet paper. Wash your hands thoroughly after defecation.
Put a lid on the toilet lid and pile soil around the bottom to prevent odor from overflowing and keep flies out of the toilet.
Remove all feces with a shovel and avoid touching them with your hands.
animal
Diseases carried by animals can be transmitted to humans. If you handle animal meat, you must not break your skin or wear gloves. Even the smallest wound can cause infection. The meat should be thoroughly cooked.
kitchen waste
Stacking all biodegradable wastes in the corner of the courtyard will increase the nutrients in the soil, and a large number of worms will be produced where a large amount of organic matter is stacked, which can provide protein.
However, garbage should not be piled up in the kitchen. Don't peel potatoes-much of the nutritional value of food is stored in the skin, and the outer leaves of your discarded cabbage can be eaten after careful cutting.
Non-biodegradable waste-cans and plastic products (which cannot be reused)-should be burned, flattened and buried to avoid attracting flies. When the temperature is high, burn all the waste and push the ashes into the pit for burial.
Food infectious diseases
Salmonella and Shigella are oral diseases.
Hand ulcer is the chief culprit that causes staphylococcus to enter the human body. Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning, severe stomach problems, diarrhea and dehydration.
Botox is a common deadly bacterium. Canning at home can be produced without high temperature disinfection-it can only be produced if oxygen is isolated. There is no reassuring test to determine whether food is contaminated, so be careful when you keep your own food.
infectious disease
After the disaster, living in a crowded crowd will greatly increase the possibility of disease transmission, and paying attention to personal hygiene-as strict as possible-can reduce this threat. Isolate patients with fever.
Seal the dressing and bandage used by the wounded in polyethylene bags and burn them immediately. Use the outdoor toilet when urinating. The urinal should be disinfected frequently.
personal hygiene
Pay attention to personal hygiene and use sand instead when there is no bath water. Don't bite your fingernails-no matter how tense the environment is, don't put your fingers in your mouth. Don't puncture boils or ulcers, cover these wounds, change and clean underwear frequently, but don't take up drinking water.
Prepare some useful vegetation.
Strawberry root: contains detergent, which can clean teeth.
Delphinium seeds: grinding can be used to deal with lice hidden in hair.
Birch bark: Distillation produces tar, which can be used for skin and relieve dermatosis.
Lavender: It can clean the painful skin.
See the section "Natural medicines".
postscript
This knowledge has high practical value, which comes from my own life training and experience accumulation and people like me. But don't think that just reading this book is enough to survive in adversity. This book teaches you the necessary skills, but you still need to apply and practice them, and you must also be able to use these skills.
When I train soldiers or ordinary students how to survive in dangerous conditions, part of my job is to ensure their safety, but I can't do all this for the readers of this book. I can only give you some knowledge and advice, but I can't stay with you to stop you from doing stupid things. I can't say every aspect of the specific situation, and I can't guarantee that everything I write is understood correctly. I only know that this book has saved some lives in the past, and I firmly believe that it will save more lives in the future. These survival skills must be used carefully and reasonably, because if you hurt yourself or others, it is your responsibility-not mine.
The human body contains amazing ability to cope with difficult conditions and challenging environments. It is a living example that some people survive in extremely harsh environment with almost no hope of survival. No matter men, women and children, everyone has the instinct to survive, which can be developed to a certain extent through exercise.
Survival in adversity requires good psychological quality, physical endurance and sufficient knowledge. Assuming that survival skills are a pyramid, then the desire for survival is its cornerstone. Even if what they do is completely contrary to books, their desire to survive is enough to keep some people alive. Of course, it is relatively easy to cope with difficulties with certain knowledge, so the upper layer of the pyramid is knowledge. Knowledge can enhance self-confidence and eliminate fear. The third level of the pyramid is training, which does not mean that everything will be fine as long as you try, but that you need to really master the skills and remember them firmly. At the same time, the mastery and memory of skills should be completed in training.
The completion of the pyramid needs your toolkit. Proper equipment and reserves are common sense, but survivors may not know what they will face. Your chances of survival will vary greatly in different situations. Further develop your survival instinct, increase your knowledge, improve your training level, and prepare your toolkit, and you can cope with everything!
—— Excerpted from chapter 1 1 of Survival Manual 8.