As the most critical link in home improvement, there are numerous matters needing attention in the hydropower link, so it is even more necessary to pay attention when conducting the water and electricity disclosure and acceptance, not only to understand the construction specifications of the hydropower link, but also to understand where the water and electricity link needs special attention.
1. Specification for construction disclosure of hydropower links
1. Hydropower construction personnel must hold relevant certificates to operate.
2. Mark the horizontal line on the original wall, and check whether the original drainage pipe is smooth (in principle, waste gas from the water supply pipe is not needed).
3. Make special acceptance for the trial (nourishing) water of the original bathroom (kitchen) floor.
4. It is strictly forbidden to dismantle and modify supporting facilities (drainage system, gas burning (heating) system, communication monitoring system, smoke exhaust (gas) channel, etc.) without approval.
5. It is forbidden to cancel the original floor drain of the bathroom (kitchen) balcony without authorization, and it is forbidden to use the same water pipe for a large amount of drainage and floor drain drainage to prevent high-flow backwater.
6. It is forbidden to change the nature and position of the sewage pipe and the drainage pipe (except in special circumstances), and it is forbidden to use ventilation pipes for the exhaust pipe of the range hood and the exhaust pipe of the ventilator (Yuba).
7. The laying (installation) of various pipelines (equipment) conforms to the current national standards and design requirements (except in special circumstances). Pipes are required to be laid along the wall in principle, fixed with pipe clamps without looseness, and connected firmly with the ground (wall) surface without looseness.
8. The installation of all accessories (appliances) should be durable and easy to disassemble and maintain. All accessories (appliances) should be installed with plastic sheets, and all kinds of ceramic appliances should be fixed with silica gel after being treated with waterproof sealing rings.
9. Turn on the lighting sockets (cold and hot water pipes are used for water supply), so as to install leakage protection facilities and rubber cables in case of temporary electricity consumption for construction water in the next three processes. Each room is required to use electricity when the hydropower is completed in the early stage.
ii. Water supply and drainage construction
Waterway standard project is a stage of "new standard project", which is implemented in two steps: waterproof project and hydraulic project. The key points of its construction are as follows: after the waterproof project is completed, the water storage test of 48% must be carried out; Hydraulic engineering must be installed firmly, horizontally and vertically, with flexible switch and no dripping or leakage. The specific process flow is as follows:
1. According to the owner's and design requirements, the water pipes should be buried as far as possible. Reasonably design the water supply and drainage of easily forgotten water users such as washing machines and mop pools.
2. The pipeline installation should be horizontal, flat and vertical, firmly laid, and the slope meets the requirements. Water pipes shall not be installed close to the power supply, and the distance between water pipes and gas pipes is recommended to be not less than 5 mm.
3. During the installation of exposed pipes, when the external diameter of pipes is less than 25mm, pipe clamps should be set at the corners, water meters, faucets or angle valves and 1mm at the end of pipes, and the pipe clamps must be firmly installed. Exposed pipes must be painted with silver powder or paint before completion.
4. After the water pipes are installed, the cold water and hot water are colluded and pressure tested (the standard is: galvanized pipe .8MP, aluminum-plastic composite pipe .3 ~ .5 MP, PPR pipe .8 ~ 1 MP, which is qualified only when the pressure is kept at 1% and the air pressure does not drop). The sewer pipes should be checked for water leakage, and the trachea should be ventilated to check for air leakage (smeared with soap solution), and cement can be used for filling after the inspection.
5. When installing kitchen and bathroom pipes, the size of the pipes at the outlet of the wall should take into account the final size of the wall tiles after being pasted, that is, the thickness of the wall tiles should be considered in advance. When designing the water pipe, we should consider the installation position of the faucet of the washing machine and the layout of launching. At the same time, pay attention to whether the position of the power socket of the washing machine is appropriate, and the pipe fittings shall not be damaged during installation.
6. When cold and hot water pipes are installed in parallel up and down, the hot water pipe should be above the cold water pipe; When installed in parallel, the hot water pipe should be on the left side of the cold water pipe. When installing cold and hot water faucets on sanitary ware, the hot water faucets should be installed on the left facing side.
7. After waterproofing is completed, the next working procedure can only be carried out after the water is turned off for 24 hours without leakage.
8. The natural gas pipeline shall not be changed without permission, and it is forbidden to move the gas meter. When installing the water heater for inlet and outlet, the inlet valve and the inlet valve must be distinguished, and it is strictly forbidden to install them wrongly.
9. Before completion, clean the filter screens of all faucets once. The installation position of decorative hardware such as towel rack and bath towel rack should be determined together with the customer, and pay attention to the position of switch and pipeline to prevent damage to the pipeline in the wall.
iii. Construction requirements
1. The water supply pipeline shall be installed horizontally and vertically. Hot and cold water pipe interfaces are required to be at the same horizontal line with a spacing of 15cm. The elevation of the feed port shall be constructed according to the specification requirements (except special requirements).
2. All kinds of valves should be installed in correct and parallel positions, which is convenient for use and maintenance. It is required to install valves at each set of water main, and control valves should be installed at the bathroom (kitchen) interface for cold (hot) water pipes leading to the balcony or entering the room for emergency shutdown.
3. Water pressure test should be conducted for all kinds of pressure-bearing piping systems and equipment, and irrigation test should be conducted for non-pressure piping systems and equipment.
4. If a water heater is installed in a residential building with a central heating water supply system, it is required to install a check valve at the cold and hot water connection and connect it with flexible pipes.
5. The construction of PPR water supply pipeline requires welding with a hot-melt device, and the hot-melt time shall be strictly controlled, and there shall be no virtual welding or poor flow due to overtime.
6. If the water outlets are displaced and the floor is broken, it is required to make waterproof treatment at the slot before making a secondary waterproof layer (heightening and leveling) in a large area.
7. The laying (shifting) of drainage pipes requires a slope of up to 35 degrees to ensure smooth water flow without backflow.
8, outdoor laying cold (hot) water pipes exposed requirements have anti-freezing and warm-keeping measures.
Fourth, strong (weak) electricity construction
1. The kitchen and bathroom belong to damp places, and well-sealed waterproof sockets should be installed, and the switch should be installed on the wall outside the door; At the same time, because there are many electrical appliances for grounding protection, more three hole socket should be installed.
2. There are many appliances using two-hole plugs in the bedroom and living room, so more five-hole sockets should be installed.
3. Safe sockets should be used in children's activity places such as children's rooms.
4. When high-voltage wiring is buried in a wall, a ceiling, a floor or a floor tile, the power cord must wear a pvc tube, and there should be no knots and kinks in the wires.
5. When the power cord is buried on the load-bearing wall, if the load-bearing wall is not allowed to open deep grooves, sheath line can be directly buried.
6. When the power cord is arranged in the ceiling, it is not allowed to run directly. The power cord should wear pvc pipes, and the snakeskin hose can be used for the connecting pipeline of the lamp position in the ceiling, but the threading in the pipe must be twitchable and replaceable.
7. When the power cord at the intersection of multiple wires needs to be branched, the junction box should be used.
8. The fire, zero and ground wires of the power cord are red, blue and double-color wires respectively, and the control wires of the switch are red and double-color wires respectively.
9. sheath line must be used for temporary electricity consumption; The wire box shall be installed straight. After threading, the wire tube and the wire box shall be connected with a lock, and the wires shall be stretched freely in the tube.
1. The parallel spacing between the power cord and the heating, hot water and gas pipes should be ≥3 mm, and the cross spacing should be ≥1 mm.
11. The lines of weak current lines such as communication lines and signal lines should be smooth, and the wiring distance should be short. The distance between strong current sockets (namely, double-hole sockets and three hole socket) and weak current sockets (namely, telephone sockets, audio sockets, network sockets, etc.) should be more than 5mm, and strong and weak wires should not be in the same tube, which can not only reduce the electromagnetic interference between them but also prevent the occurrence of safety accidents.
12. The wiring lines of communication lines, audio lines and signal lines should be smooth, and the orientation distance should be short. The horizontal laying of concealed pipes should not exceed 3m, otherwise, passing boxes should be installed.
13. In order to ensure the normal sound and communication signals, the distance between them and the power lines and metal water supply pipes should be not less than 5 mm; Parallel spacing with metal drainage pipes and hot water pipes shall not be less than 1 mm.
14. Strong and weak wires cannot be arranged in the same pvc pipe, which can reduce the power interference between them.
15. As a flame-retardant pipe, the number of threads of pvc pipe is certain, that is, four power lines can be inserted into the pvc pipe with a diameter of 2mm; Three power lines can be inserted into the pvc pipe with a diameter of 16 mm.
16. The cross-sectional area of the air conditioning line should depend on the air conditioning power. In order to ensure the safety of power supply, the power cord with a cross-sectional area of 4 square millimeters should be selected.
17. Light lamps can be hung on the main keel or the additional keel, while heavy lamps can not be connected with the ceiling keel, and other hanging hooks should be set. The flexible chandelier should be limited to less than 1kg, and if it exceeds, a chain hoist should be added.
18. For fixing and suspending devices of large lanterns and hoisting lanterns, overload test shall be conducted at 1.25 times of the weight of lamps.
19. For lamps larger than .5KG, a chain hoist shall be used, so that the wires are not stressed. The lamps shall be fixed firmly and reliably, and wooden wedges shall not be used. The insulating shell of the lamp holder should not be damaged or leaked. For the lamp holder with switch, the switch handle should not have exposed metal parts.
2. After the completion, it is necessary to issue a route map to facilitate future line maintenance.
V. Hydropower construction technology
1. Strong (weak) power distribution pipes shall be laid in slots, and the boxes shall not cross each other separately. It is forbidden to have wires twisted and joints in strong (weak) electric pipelines.
2. The high-voltage wiring is required to be set in the online box, with a length of 15cm. The connectors should be firmly connected, and the insulation and waterproof tape should be bound evenly and tightly.
3. The weak current connection requires separate wiring from the incoming box, and the box connector shall not be connected in series. Four-core telephone line, 75 Hz video line and 25 audio lines are required. The resistance should not be less than 5M ohms.
4. The terminal box (wiring box or junction box) and switch socket of strong (weak) power system shall use the same brand series products.
5. The laying direction of strong (weak) electric pipelines shall be determined according to the position of electrical equipment required in the design scheme (drawing). It is required to be horizontal and vertical, the depth of the pipe surface should be 1.5cm, and the total cross-sectional area of the conductor should not exceed 4% of the cross-sectional area in the pipeline.
6, distribution box wiring shunt requirements according to the design line configuration diagram construction, without permission to reduce the number of roads and zero line mixed (lighting or socket). Each bribe is required to be wired separately.
7. The wiring capacity requires that the cross-sectional area of all wires can meet the output power of electrical equipment. Every single-phase three-pole socket (phase wire, zero wire and ground wire) has the same conductor cross-sectional area.
8. wiring color requirements are different: each residential phase line (l) is a line or a green single core (the control line is a yellow single core). The zero line (n) is a blue single-core wire. The ground wire (PE) is a yellow-green multi-strand wire.
9. The master switch in single-phase power supply requires the secondary switch to have a leakage protector, and the three-phase power supply requires a three-phase four-pole switch.
1. The lighting main line from the distribution box requires 2.52 wires, and the switch control line requires 1.52 wires. Large chandeliers or outdoor terraces and lighting lines under special circumstances require grounding protection lines to be arranged at the same time.
11. When wiring is arranged on the top ridge, it is required to be fixed through the pipe, and the junction box is required at the junction. It is not allowed to be placed on the top, and all threading pipes are required to be fixed with lock mouth (comb cup) when connected with the cassette.
12. All the positions where the lamps are installed require fixing the rear pendant on the top plate, and then fixing the lamps on the rear pendant. It is forbidden to install them on wooden blocks and wedges. All accessories (appliances) are required to be equipped with plastic expansion pipe fasteners.
13. It is not allowed to have more than three pipes juxtaposed on the ground floor with solid wood floors, except in the direction of the floor.
VI. Scope of acceptance criteria
1. Scope of preliminary acceptance of hydropower: whether the direction of hydropower pipeline is reasonable and standardized. Whether the water pressure test is up to standard and the electric test is up to standard.
2. Post-acceptance scope of hydropower: whether the installation of various sanitary wares (accessories) is firm and standardized, and whether the installation of various electrical appliances (accessories) is safe and standardized.
3, all water supply pipe wall interface requirements left cold right hot shall not be misplaced.
4. The cold (hot) water in the water supply pipeline is checked for pressure test, and there is no leakage at P=.6mpa/2.
5. When installing the power socket, it is required that the terminal of the panel should be left zero (N), right phase (L) and upper middle ground (PE).
6. insulation resistance test R≥.5 ohm (phase-zero, phase-ground, zero-ground).
7. The switch is 13cm from the ground, and the ordinary (cabinet air conditioner) socket is 3cm from the ground. The switch (socket) of the bedside (TV) cabinet is 6cm from the ground. The spare socket on the kitchen table is 13cm away from the ground. The wall air conditioning socket is 18cm from the ground. The socket of the electronic cooker is 6cm from the ground. (The ground height from the lower edge of the electrical control panel to the completion of decoration shall prevail, except in special circumstances). Switches and sockets in the same room must be on the same level respectively.
8. On the same horizontal plane, the distance between the electrical control panel and the gas pipeline is ≥15cm, and the parallel distance between the conductor and the gas pipeline is ≥3cm. Cross distance ≥1cm.
9. The installation position of lamps and lanterns is correct and firm, and the position of hanging (ceiling-mounted) lamps is centered on the area behind the hanging cabinets around the team. Rows of lamps and lanterns are installed with the centerline of 5 mm.