The relics of Hua Shigang are now in the Suzhou Liuyuan Garden. They combine the so-called "thin, transparent, leaky, wrinkled and ugly" properties
The direct cause of Hua Shigang's tragedy is Song Huizong's "Genyue". "Genyue" is an extremely magnificent garden monument. If it is lucky enough to survive, it may not only be the best garden in the world, but also an extremely precious and magnificent ancient Chinese cultural heritage. This matter actually has a great relationship with Taoist belief and culture. Huizong was a strong believer in Taoism and called himself the Taoist Emperor. There were also some mysterious Taoist figures around him, such as Liu Hunkang, the 25th generation master of Maoshan, who presented Huizong with a set of "Guangsi's "Dharma" should belong to the category of Taoist houses, which actually involves the improvement of the feng shui pattern of the capital. If you want to have more children and live longer, you need to stack stones and build a mountain in the northeast of the capital.
This incident can only be regarded as one of the causes of the matter. In fact, the realization of the Taoist ideal of the landscape of the cave heaven and blessed land is the greater reason.
Gen Yue as described in "History of the Song Dynasty".
"Long Live Mountain Genyue. In the seventh year of Zhenghe, Long Live Mountain was built to the east of Shangqing Baolu Palace. It is more than ten miles around the mountain, and its highest peak is 90 steps. There is a pavilion called Jie on it, which is divided into east and west. West Erling, directly to the south of the mountain. To the east of the mountain are the Calyx Green Hall, the Library, the Eight Immortals Hall, the Zishiyan, the Qizhendeng, the Lanxiuxuan and the Longyintang. To the south of the mountain are the two peaks of the Shoushan Mountain. To the west of the mountain are Yaoliao, Xizhuang, Chaoyun Pavilion, Bailongba, Zhuolongxia, Panxiu, Lianguang, Kuayun Pavilion, and Luohan Rock. There is Wansong Ridge in the west, and there is a tower in the middle of the ridge called Yicui. There are two passes above and below the pass. There is a flat land below the pass. A large marsh is dug out, and there are two islands in the middle: Luzhu in the east and Fuyang in the west. Meizhu in the west. Xuelang. The west flow is Fengchi, and the east side is Yanchi. It is divided into two pavilions, Liubi in the east and Huanshan in the west. There is a pavilion called Chaofeng, a hall called Sanxiu, and behind the East Pond there is the Snow Pavilion. From the Deng Road to Jie Pavilion, there are pavilions on the left called Jimu and Xiaosen, and on the right there are pavilions called Liyun and Banshan. They overlook the Longjiang River in the north and lead the river to flow into the mountains to the west. Between them are Alchemy Pavilion, Ningguan Pavilion, and Huan Shan Pavilion. Looking down towards the river, you can see Gaoyang Winery and Qingsheng Pavilion. On the north bank are Shengjun Temple, Weiyuntai, Xiaoxian Pavilion, and Feicen Pavilion. The tributaries are called Huixi. . Beyond the Nanshan Mountain is a small hill, spanning two miles, called Furong City, which is very ingenious. And outside the Jinglong River, the buildings are particularly exquisite. In the north, the place is called a large pond because of the fire of Yaohua Palace. It is called Qujiang. There is a hall called Penghu in the pool. It ends at Fengqiu Gate in the east. To the west, water is diverted from Tianbomen Bridge to the west for almost half a mile. The river turns south and then turns south to pass through Changhe. The gate is a complex road that leads to the residence of Emperor Maode. It is located four or five miles north and belongs to the Longde Palace. Cai Tiao said that it was originally named Fenghuang Mountain, but later God descended from it. His poem included "Genyue Qingxiao", so it was renamed Genyue. In the sixth year of Xuanhe, an imperial edict was issued to the Wanshou Peak of Genyue, and it was also renamed Shouyue. The main gate is called Yanghua, so it is also called Yanghua Palace. After more than ten years of self-government and Jingkang, flowers, bamboos and strange stones have been gathered here. It's impossible to count. In the fifth year of Xuanhe, Zhu Meng collected rocks from Taihu Lake, which were several feet high and wide. They carried them in large boats and pulled them with thousands of people. They cut rivers and bridges, destroyed weirs and gates, and spent several months on them. He was given the title "Zhao Gong Fu". "Qing Shen Yun Shi", in this year, the land of Yan was first acquired (referring to the acquisition of several ruined and empty cities such as Yanjing from the Jin Dynasty). (Zhu) Meng was awarded the Jiedu Envoy for this reason. Most of them were eunuchs (eunuchs) Huizong was in his old age, and the people in the garden could not support it. Many people expressed disgust, so they had to stop for a while. When the Jin people came again, the siege lasted for a long time, and Qinzong ordered more than 100,000 mountain and water birds to be taken. . They threw them into the Bian River and left them alone. They demolished the houses to make new ones, cut down the stones to make cannons, and killed hundreds and thousands of large deer to eat the guards. ”
At the end, when the dream of a peaceful world ends, it is so sad and unbearable, and the entire context of Genyue in the article is full of images and concepts of Taoist culture. Immortals are the ideal model of life in Taoism, and they are also the realm that Huizong's predecessors such as Emperor Qin and Han Wu admired. Song Huizong, who wandered among the steaming clouds in Genyue and the strange mountains and trees, was looking for the feeling of immortals.
Imitating the "land of gods" is actually a very important motivation for Chinese gardens. This purpose actually determines and affects the aesthetic interest and orientation of gardens. Creating a "wonderland" is the continuous behavior of generations of "human masters" in China who have worked tirelessly and successively.
During the lifetime of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, over a period of more than 2,000 years, from the "Shanglin Garden" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, to the "Fanglin Garden" of Emperor Wei Ming, to the "Xiyuan" of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, to the Sixth Century of the Qing Dynasty. The "Old Summer Palace", where the emperors worked hard and created the world's wealth, and the "Summer Palace" in the late Qing Dynasty when the country was facing severe national crises are all examples.
Taoism is a religion native to China. Chinese society and history have actually been related to and concerned about Taoism in one way or another since ancient times. In 1918, Mr. Lu Xun said in a letter to Xu Shoutang: "I once said that the foundation of China lies entirely in Taoism. This statement is quite popular and widely used. By reading history based on this, many problems can be easily solved."
For a long time, we have actually ignored the knowledge and knowledge of the Chinese people. The integrity of the world of thought and belief. When we look at the activities of ancient people building gardens in a "materialistic" way, we see more of the layout, spatial structure, and artistic conception of the garden. As for the "ontology" of the garden, such as the Motives, concepts... very little is involved.
Why are gardens with the purpose of "learning from nature" keen on collecting and listing strange trees and rocks? This is obviously not a natural "nature", but a very natural, unnatural nature. To put it bluntly, Chinese landscape culture, steeped in a strong sense of Taoism, pursues landscapes with a fairy spirit and imitates the fairyland on earth.
The wood and stone are so interesting, and the lakes and water bodies, the gardens of the past dynasties are more closely aligned with the formula of Han Taiye Pond - one pond and three mountains. The Old Summer Palace and the three seas in Ouchi are all arranged in this way, which directly reminds people of the "immortality" of the owner. "identity.
Jesuit missionary and Frenchman Wang Zhicheng wrote in a letter in 1743 about his impression of the "Old Summer Palace", "There is nothing like these mountains and fields, on the rocks, only the desolation of snakes and twists and turns." The pavilions with accessible paths are more like the palaces of gods!"
Xu Fu and the boys and girls left without returning them! The emperors and wealthy merchants of later generations understood that relying on their wealth and power, they could create a fairyland on earth that could be admired, played and traveled around. Jia Yuanchun's poem about the Grand View Garden in "A Dream of Red Mansions" said, "The mountains and rivers are connected to build the essence," and "Every scene in the sky and the world is prepared." The poem about spring is more clear, "The beautiful water and bright mountains are hugging back, and the romantic literary talent is better than Penglai."
These "Penglai Wonderland"-style gardens are all collections of wood and stone treasures that are "rare and precious" in the world, all are displays of "elegance" and luxury, and are all human fantasy of life in the fairyland. As for the gardens of Jiangnan literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, materially they can only pick up a little bit of the royal family and wealthy merchants, but spiritually they are expanded on a few rocks and half a banana bush, such as "the sky springs from the pot" and "mustard seeds accept the sumeru" ", and more clichéd "chanting", "sustenance" and "flaunting" make these narrow gardens more like places for cultural masturbation. In the harsh reality, scholars still go there even if they only have a few places. Walking like a god.
In his later years, when Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was a prisoner in Five Kingdoms City (today's Yilan, Heilongjiang Province), he should have known better than us the illusion of "heaven and earth" (the main poem of Empress Li); and he should have known more about the reality of "Genyue" than we do. Illusion; the illusion of a garden full of strange trees and rocks. Song Huizong passed away, but the lingering legacy of Song Huizong's "aesthetic" career still traveled south with the Zhao and Song Dynasties, and was carried forward to future generations. Especially in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, society became increasingly decadent and decadent, but the gardening trend flourished for a while. "Yuan Ye", my country's famous and only garden monograph, is a comprehensive collection of gardening standards during this period. "Yuan Ye" was written by Ji Cheng (1582-?) in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1631 AD). It was prefaced and engraved by Ruan Dacheng, a famous "bad guy" in the late Ming Dynasty. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931 AD), it was reprinted by the China Construction Society and was highly praised. During his lifetime, Ji Cheng was implicated by Ruan Dacheng, who was "despised by scholars", and was regarded as a "disciple of the Ruan family". His artistic achievements were dragged down by politics, which is a bit unclear. However, in the eyes of people today, Ji Cheng and his " "Garden Ye" is almost the "godfather" and "Bible" of traditional Chinese gardens.