China's urban management began with "neighborhood" and continues to this day. In the Yuan Dynasty, the whole city was divided into 50 blocks. The Ming Dynasty was divided into four cities (districts) and 36 blocks. The Qing dynasty was divided into five cities (districts), and there are still 36 blocks. Where there are streets, there are squares. Since the memorial archway stepped out of the street in the Song Dynasty, all places that have the conditions to build memorial archways are proud of setting up squares. This is also an important reason for the emergence of a large number of arched buildings in Beijing.
According to historical records, Yuanmingyuan has 1 1 archway. Among them, the mixed archway in front of Anyou Palace is the most peculiar. It is called a mixed archway because it is an Aconitum archway made up of wooden archway, glazed archway and stone archway.
Beijing's archway ranks first in the world in both quality and quantity. Some archways were destroyed because of disrepair, and some were abandoned with scenic spots because they didn't pay enough attention to tourism in the past. Some traffic was affected and arches were destroyed. Especially in this unprecedented catastrophe, a large number of historical relics were destroyed. Even the "scorpion tail" on the roof of the old house was regarded as the "four olds" and smashed to pieces.
After the founding of New China, in order to expand Chang 'an Avenue, Premier Zhou proposed to move two Chang 'an Avenue archways to Taoranting Park, which is the best measure to protect cultural relics. Later, Chang 'an Street archway became a scene of Taoranting Park. However, during the Cultural Revolution, the Gang of Four thought it was to protect the "Four Old Houses" and forcibly demolished the archway.
The stone square of Jietai Temple is the oldest archway in Beijing. Like the Dashifang in the Ming Tombs, this stone archway is carved and painted in imitation of wood. What is unique is that the stone sparrow in Jietai Temple is the King Kong Lux statue, which is unique among the archways in Beijing.
In Beijing, which has been repeatedly excavated, some ancient cultural relics have been fortunately preserved, and some archways have been restored with the strong support of the government. However, the construction cost of the archway is definitely high, and then there are the ruins of the archway in the past, and now some have developed new buildings. Especially some arcades, there is no need to repair them. For example, the "Three Realms" archway in front of Chongyuan Temple, the "Guangsheng Mountain" archway in Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia in the south, the "Guandi Shengjing" archway in Xue Jiawan, Xianyou Palace and other archways were abandoned because of scenic spots, and the archway was destroyed.
The "First Jungle" archway in front of Long Fu Temple in Ming Dynasty was built in Jingtai four years in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1453). Later, Zhu Jian, the governor of Shanxi, listened to his words, and he was afraid that the geomantic omen would be damaged, so he tore down the archway.
In the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1723), the Long Fu Temple was rebuilt, and the archway was not built.
In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 19 10), Long Fu Temple was destroyed by fire and rebuilt. But I have never built an arch. 1993, Long Fu temple commercial building was hit by another fire, and the ashes were terrible. 1999 The newly-built Long Fu Building has not only built the main entrance archway, but also the street archway and the imitation stone archway.
However, some temples and gardens, although built several times, still failed to restore the original archway. Such as Jietai Temple wooden archway, Tiantan wooden archway and Heilongtan Longwang Temple wooden archway. Especially the log stone archway at the south gate of the Summer Palace.
The Confucian Temple archway in Miyun County is located in the north of Gulou East Street, the county seat. Founded in the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty, it covers an area of more than 4,000 square meters and faces south. The archway is a four-poster three-room door. There are three gates in the archway, with Jinsheng Gate in the east and Yuzhen Gate in the west. There is an artificially carved "Chi Pan" in the door, and there are two parallel single-hole small stone bridges on the pool. However, they no longer exist.
The archway in Beijing has been in disrepair for a long time and suffers from lack of funds. 1934, lyna, the mayor of the old Beiping city, proposed to use reinforced concrete instead of wood to repair trams, so many street archways were renovated.
In order to protect the archway in Beijing, there are some short stories worth mentioning. 1934, due to the need of building trams in Beijing, the East Fourth Arch was erected by scaffolding, and some people wanted to dismantle it immediately on the pretext of obstructing traffic to prevent injuries. When the great warlord Zhang heard the news, he immediately called to stop it and said, "Who took the initiative to dismantle it? Finding this person will be shot! " As a result, not only did no one dare to tear down the East Fourth Pailou, but they also redecorated it with the West Fourth Pailou. One phone call saved eight archways.
Although Beijing has suffered a lot, it is an ancient historical and cultural capital, and the education level of its citizens is definitely higher. A large number of cultural relics have been completely preserved. At present, a large number of cultural relics are being fully restored. The number of key cultural relics protection units is increasing. People are also fully enjoying the precious heritage left by their ancestors.
Jiedaopailou
In the streets of old Beijing, archways can be seen everywhere. Nowadays, due to various reasons, there are few left, but their place names can be searched. East four archways and West four archways; Dongdan archway and Xidan archway; East and west Chang 'an Avenue archways; Qianmen five archways are its typical representatives.