Topic of this issue: What kind of solid wood should furniture choose? Xiaobei is divided into five echelons. Let's first introduce the common solid wood for making furniture.
The first echelon [refers to veteran leaders]
1 Teak: Teak has straight stripes with ink lines. The main producing areas are Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand. The price of teak is close to mahogany (sour branches, chicken wings, pears), and teak is rarely used in the market, mostly teak frame or teak veneer furniture.
Advantages: Teak itself has anti-corrosion function, wood can secrete oil, and naturally has moth-proof, moisture-proof and anti-corrosion functions. In ancient times, many dragon boats and boats in South China and Southeast Asia were made of teak. Teak dragon boats used to be buried in the mud and taken out once a year to achieve antioxidant effect, which will not be deformed or rotted for hundreds of years. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He's voyages to the West were all made of teak, and the deck of Titanic was also made of teak.
Disadvantages: high cost and complicated production. Teak needs to be naturally dried outdoors. Most solid wood furniture is boiled in water, which is not suitable for teak and will make teak lose its internal oil. In addition, teak furniture needs artificial oxidation to make it appear golden yellow, otherwise teak will be poor in color and dull. Therefore, a large number of teak furniture on the market are made of teak damaged by improper processing. In addition, due to the different origins and grades, the color difference of teak furniture is great.
② Black walnut: Black walnut produced in different regions is slightly different. Take the black walnut produced in the United States as an example (most of the black walnuts in China now come from the United States).
Advantages: Black walnut has smooth section, soft luster, light dark brown with purple, beautiful large parabola pattern on the section, and beautiful wood grain compared with other Woods (this is similar to American red oak, but American red oak is much cheaper than black walnut).
Its sapwood is milky white, and its heartwood ranges from light brown to dark chocolate with occasional purple and black stripes. Most of the black walnuts seen now are very dark in color, and the color is deepened after steam treatment.
Black walnut is expensive, besides the grain and color of wood, there is also a very important point. It has very good fixability, strong adhesion to nails and screws, and can absorb paint well after coating, so the effect after coating is very good and corrosion resistant.
Disadvantages: Black walnut is not perfect, drying is very slow, and it needs careful care to avoid drying and aging. The reason why all wood may crack is largely because the drying process of the factory is not well grasped. Therefore, if there is no good drying process, the black walnuts of domestic manufacturers will basically crack, so be careful.
As far as Xiaobei is concerned, black walnut is mainly used to make tables and chairs and low cabinets in China. But in terms of cost performance, unless the customer likes black walnut very much or the customer is a ditch.
second echelon
① Cherry wood: high-grade wood with straight texture. Cherry wood is mainly distributed in the eastern United States. The heartwood color of cherry wood ranges from bright red to brownish red, and the sapwood is milky white.
Advantages: Cherry wood is suitable for making wardrobe panels of high-grade kitchen cabinets, which is characterized by fine and clear texture, good effect after polishing, good paint effect, stability after drying and difficult deformation.
Disadvantages: serious shrinkage after drying.
② White oak: produced in the eastern part of the United States, with many varieties, of which about 8 are commercial trees. There is a saying that "red oak is not red and white oak is not white", which means that white oak, as its name implies, is not white, but the wood is light-colored, and the heartwood is light brown to dark brown.
Advantages: the mountain-shaped wood grain is clear and the touch surface has good texture. Solid and firm texture, not easy to deform when wet, extremely wear-resistant and long service life. Wood is good and precious as mahogany furniture. White oak can be made into many different colors after spray-painted surface treatment, while the texture of the log remains unchanged. White oak can be harmoniously combined with metal, glass and so on, which can highlight its fashionable and avant-garde feeling.
Disadvantages: white oak wood is difficult to process. White oak materials are relatively rare, all imported from abroad, and the cost is high, so the price of white oak furniture is generally higher. White oak furniture is hard and heavy in texture, high in density and not easy to dehydrate, so it is easy to deform. White oak furniture is not resistant to high temperature. Articles with a temperature higher than 40 degrees Celsius cannot be placed on the surface of furniture, otherwise the high temperature will destroy its surface texture. Furniture is hard and easy to be damaged by collision.
(3) Red oak: produced in the eastern United States. It is characterized by hard and heavy wood. Red oak can also be divided into two types: the south and the north in the eastern United States. Red oak in the south is reddish with color difference, which is suitable for dark treatment. Oak in the north is light red and white, which is suitable for light treatment.
The quality of red oak furniture depends largely on dryness. Because drying is slow, dehydration is difficult, and improper dehydration is easy to deform. In addition, the value of red oak furniture itself is also reflected in the clarity of wood grain. The clearer the texture, the higher the grade of wood.
Advantages: the red oak pattern is mountain-shaped, the texture is beautiful and generous, the texture is very good, and the furniture made is very high-grade. In the process of processing, the red oak itself is very hard and machinable, so the furniture made is very delicate. Can be used for complex modeling and carving, and is suitable for making European furniture.
Disadvantages: slow drying, not easy to dehydrate and easy to be confused with Fraxinus mandshurica. The color and texture will vary greatly from place of origin, and the wood grain is particularly similar to Fraxinus mandshurica. The difference is that there is a small texture on the smooth surface outside the red oak pattern, which is particularly prominent when painting, while Fraxinus mandshurica does not.
(4) Fraxinus mandshurica: The main producing areas are Russia, Europe and North America. Wood has good machinability, painting and polishing. Fraxinus mandshurica wood is the main material of American high-grade furniture because of its strong corrosion resistance and easy processing.
Advantages: the furniture has beautiful appearance, good gloss, clear wood grain, high strength, hardness and density of ash wood, and good mechanical durability, which is very suitable for making furniture.
Disadvantages: One of the disadvantages of Fraxinus mandshurica is that the wood on it is available, and the wood is imported, so the price is very high. In addition, Fraxinus mandshurica is similar to red oak, and its drying performance is very poor. Without good drying treatment, its appearance and use will be seriously affected. The surface of ash wood is easy to pilling, which requires high manufacturing technology.
the third echelon
① Catalpa tree: A walnut without fruit is called Catalpa tree. Catalpa bungeana's brown eyes are flat and dull, and its color is soft and dull, but its shrinkage rate is small, so it can be used as the core material of door core and desktop. Commonly used in Han wood and walnut. Catalpa bungeana is lighter, darker and looser than walnut, and its brown eyes are big and scattered.
Advantages: Chinese catalpa wood is tough, moderate in hardness, free from warping, deformation, peculiar smell, easy to process, dry and carve, and good in thermal insulation. It also has the advantages of not being easily eaten by insects, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, moisture insulation, sound guidance and so on. It is a high-quality material widely used in architecture, furniture, shipbuilding, sculpture, musical instruments, handicrafts, military industry and so on.
Disadvantages: large color difference, varnish is not recommended.
(2) beech: heavy, firm, impact-resistant, easy to bend under steam, formable, good nail holding performance, but easy to crack. Clear texture, even wood texture, soft and smooth tone.
Advantages: As far as beech furniture is concerned, beech material is hard and impact-resistant. It is easy to bend under steam and can be made into various shapes, but it is not easy to deform after drying and is durable. From the appearance, beech has uniform texture, beautiful texture and soft and smooth tone. Can be used in buildings and utensils.
Disadvantages: Because the age of each tree is different, the color and density of the trees are different, so the color of the furniture made will be different. Cracks and deformation are easy to occur in the drying and processing of kiln. Therefore, it is not easy to make a set of furniture successfully.
(3) Maple: a material used for furniture in early Europe and America. Maple has a harmonious color, good luster and beautiful twilight. Maple furniture has clear texture and beautiful patterns. Maple has good processability, maple furniture is durable, warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is relatively high-grade furniture.
Advantages: American red maple is commonly used. The processability is better. Its nails, screws and glue have good fixing performance and are easy to dye, and excellent surface can be obtained after grinding and polishing. However, Acer truncatum is heartwood, which has no antiseptic grade and is easily eaten by insects. Heartwood has a moderate penetration of anti-corrosion treatment agent, so it is best to carry out special treatment.
Disadvantages: Maple also has some inevitable disadvantages. The cut surface of maple is not smooth enough, so the furniture made feels bad. In addition, the drying shrinkage of maple is also relatively large, and it is easy to warp when it is dry.
Fourth echelon
① Fraxinus mandshurica: mainly produced in Northeast China and North China. It is yellowish white (sapwood) or slightly yellowish brown (heartwood). The annual rings are obvious but uneven, the wood structure is coarse, the texture is straight, the pattern is straight, dull and the hardness is small. Fraxinus mandshurica has the characteristics of elasticity, toughness, wear resistance and moisture resistance. But it's hard to dry and easy to warp. Good processability, but to prevent tearing. Smooth section, painted, good adhesion.
Advantages: Smooth section, good paint and viscosity. Suitable for dry climate, slightly aging, little change in performance. Fraxinus mandshurica has good processability, can be well fixed with nails, screws and glue, and can be dyed and polished to obtain a good surface effect. Fraxinus mandshurica is tough, beautiful in texture, excellent in overall strength, good in earthquake resistance and steam bending resistance, and is a good material for making furniture.
Disadvantages: Fraxinus mandshurica has no corrosion resistance of heartwood, and white wood is easily eaten by pink beetles and common furniture beetles, which is not easy to dry and is easy to warp. Fraxinus mandshurica solid wood furniture is deformed greatly. It is not suitable to make all solid wood by splicing small pieces of wood, because large pieces of wood shrink and deform greatly.
Some Fraxinus mandshurica furniture is basically based on Fraxinus mandshurica solid wood, and most of them are covered with Fraxinus mandshurica solid wood skin, which is also because Fraxinus mandshurica has large deformation and shrinkage.
Note: Fraxinus mandshurica is also called Fraxinus mandshurica, but it does not belong to the same species as Fraxinus mandshurica. Ash wood is relatively white, and most of it is imported from Europe. But Fraxinus mandshurica is abundant in the northeast of China. Because ash has a very good material, its price is relatively high, so many unscrupulous merchants in the market use some ash to confuse the real with the fake in order to seek more benefits.
(2) Rubber wood: a tree species that produces rubber latex, with short growth cycle and wide sources, and the furniture made is extremely cost-effective. It is a word difference from oak, but its appearance, performance and price are higher.
Advantages: good toughness, difficult cracking, easy maintenance, uniform texture, beautiful texture, easy carving and dyeing, good wear resistance, durability and high cost performance.
Disadvantages: there are sharp seams, which are not beautiful enough if you use paint.
Fifth echelon
(1) Cinnamomum camphora: Its wood is fragrant, which can prevent corrosion and insects. The material is slightly light, difficult to deform, easy to process, smooth in section, shiny, durable, good in adhesion and beautiful in color after painting.
Advantages: rich in rich fragrance, it can repel insects, prevent moth, prevent mildew and sterilize. Mothballs are made of spices extracted from camphor trees. The diameter of the tree is large, the width of the wood is wide and the pattern is beautiful. Cinnamomum camphora has delicate wood, beautiful natural texture, tough texture and is not easy to break. It has been the first choice of carving technology since ancient times. Camphor wood is mainly used in furniture backboards and drawer boards in decoration, especially suitcases, book boxes and cabinets. China's camphor box is famous at home and abroad.
Note: Cinnamomum camphora is rarely used as a bed, because the fragrance of Cinnamomum camphora will affect the quality of sleep, make people excited or even insomnia, and may also cause dizziness, general weakness, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms.
② Pine: Many log furniture and children's furniture are made of pine. Pine has the characteristics of loose fragrance, yellowish color, many scars, quick response to atmospheric temperature, easy expansion and extremely difficult natural air drying. Therefore, manual treatment is needed, such as drying, degreasing to remove organic matter, bleaching the color of the unified tree, neutralizing the tree and making it difficult to deform.
Advantages: natural color, natural color, clear and beautiful texture, simple and elegant shape, full and smooth lines, good texture, strong practicability, durability, strong elasticity and permeability, good thermal conductivity and simple maintenance.
Disadvantages: the wood is soft, easy to crack and deform, and easy to produce grease.
According to the characteristics of various kinds of wood, Xiaobei puts forward the following suggestions ... Please continue reading!
1. If you make cabinets, red oak and cherry wood are recommended.
2. If making cabinets, red oak, white oak, elm and teak are recommended.
3. If it is a children's room, rubber wood is recommended.
Ok, that's all for this issue of Wood Science. If you have any questions, you can leave a message in the comments section. If you like this content, please forward it to more friends!
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Editor: Lv Xiaobei
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