The Mystery of Han Xin's The Battle of Jingxing: Where is the Ancient Battlefield?

(Liu Yushu) In 204 BC, Han Xin and Zhang Er led 30,000 Han troops to deploy behind the Mianman River in Jingxing, defeating the 200,000 Zhao troops commanded by Zhao Wangxie. Zhao Wangxie was captured and beheaded, and Zhao perished. So, where is the ancient battlefield of the water war? Now there are four statements in the text; Tumen in Taoshui, Taozhou, Tianchang Town (formerly Jingxing City) and Luquan (Huolu). In this regard, the author talks about his personal views. Tumen's statement was put forward by someone who wrote an article on the Internet not long ago. This statement is nonsense. Luquan Tumen, historically regarded as the east entrance of Jingxing Pass and Jingxing Pass, is about 30 li away from Weishan in Jingxing, less than 30 li away from Weizhou in Jingxing (taking the northwest Bailu Fountain, Shen Hu, Duanzhuang and Wangping lines) and about 30 li away from Mianman River (excluding Zhongshan gully). There is no river and no water at the Tumen Gate, so how can we back the water array? If it is possible to station troops here, camp and guard Jingxingkou; Before last stand, Han Xin, Zhao's stronghold was tied in Tumen Wang Ping, with a little edge; However, the array does not match the geographical environment of backwater. Last stand (the original Wu Chu? Tianchang Town said that this may be related to two stone tablets. One is a stone tablet written by Peter Huo in the 29th year of Wanli (A.D. 160 1) for the new Huaiyin Hou Temple in Jingxing West Gate. However, the inscription only made a brief evaluation of Han Xin, and made no mention of backwater array. Another is that there was once a stone tablet named "Huaiyin Hou Tan Binchu" in Hedongpo Village outside the old city, and the inscription on the stone tablet read "Fan Ju of Zhongzhou finished his title in Wuyin, Chongzhen, Ming Dynasty (AD 1638)". Hedongpo Village is located on the ancient road from Shanxi to Jingxing. It is divided into north and south roads from here. It is possible that when the Han army came here, Han Xin once told his men about the art of war, or here the soldiers were divided into two ways, with the main force taking the northern line (the main road) and the two thousand light riders taking the southern line. Whether Han Xin talked about the art of war here, there is no conclusive written record, just a legend; From 204 BC to 1638 AD 1842, some kind people of later generations erected a monument here just to carry forward this "beautiful legend". These two stone tablets can only show that Han Xin once led an army to pass by here or stationed troops here. It is impossible to stand behind the water. The Mianman river bed here is narrow, so it is difficult to deploy and put it on the battlefield. Professor Li Kaiyuan, a famous historian, holds this view, and has written The Battle of Feishui and Jingxing's Visit to the Ancient (chapter 3 with Wu Chu). On June 20 12, the author went to Jingxing for a field interview to find the ancient battlefield of that year. After the guests arrived, Jingxing County Party Committee Shi Zhiban and County Cultural Management Office gave warm help and got "teaching guidance". Qing? Yongzheng's Jingxing County Annals contains a complete map of Jingxing County. After on-the-spot investigation, Teacher Li felt that the ancient sites of the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties in Jingxing County were all concentrated on the North Road. Saying ""is an ancient Jingxing Road since the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. North of Bei 'an Village, Weizhou Town, there is the ruins of Weizhou ancient city built during the Warring States Period. It is a fortress guarding Jingxing Road in the south of Sun Yat-sen State, which was called Mengmancheng in ancient times. This is a battlefield, in many wars, Zhao and Zhongshan. It is believed that the site of Weizhou Ancient City is located on the east bank of Mianman River, which not only controls the main traffic route from jing xing Road to Zhongshan (now pingshan county) in the north, but also guards the fortress from jing xing Road to Zhao (now Luquan) in the east. It can be said that it is the most important pass east of Gu Jing Road, and Chen Yujun's headquarters should be in this area. The ancient city of Weizhou is only two kilometers away from Mianman River, with open and flat terrain. It is an ancient battlefield that can be played with the war. So imagine that General Zhao Jun, standing on the head of Weizhou City, couldn't help laughing when he saw Han Xinjun with his back water array ... "I totally agree with Professor Li's opinion. The written materials of Wei Shui theory are mainly found in the Inscription on the Hometown of Han Xin Huishui Array written by Wu Wennan. This article is reproduced in Jingxing County Records, Yiwenzhi edited in the eighth year of Yongzheng, and Jingxing County Records Jinshi edited in the twentieth year of the Republic of China). Map of Jingxing County (partial) (198 1 version) Wu Wennan, a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, served as Jingxing County Order from 21 to 28 years of Kangxi, and the inscription was written in the 27 th year of Kangxi. The main basis of his "true test" is that he will go to Jingxing and assemble 200,000 troops at Jingxingkou. After less than three miles in Jingxingkou, it stopped. Wu county magistrate demonstrated that "Weishan water is only 30 miles away from Tumen" and asserted that "this certificate history, if carefully pressed, is undoubtedly in the land of Weishan Village. "Some literature and history lovers also hold the view of Weishan. The evidence is that there are Chen Yu temples, tombs and related inscriptions on Baishiling, and weapons of the Han Dynasty have been unearthed in Weishan area. A historian once said, "History cannot be reversed, but it can be experienced. The true feelings of field trips can transcend time and space and reproduce historical images. I really believe it! History is not only a record of the past, but also an interpretation of the past. "Speaking of the above four points, the ancient battlefield is not in Tumen Village and Tianchang Town in Jingxing, and there is nothing to argue about. Here, I only talk about my personal views on "micro-water theory" and "Weizhou theory" based on my personal experience. Wu's "Inscription on the Field of Guyi Road in Baishiling" (1978) said: "From Baishiling, you can see the micro water; You can't see Weizhou Town from Baishiling. """Backwater treatment is definitely not in Wisconsin." Wu Zhi County has been in Jingxing for 8 years. I don't know whether I climbed Baishiling, Qingshiling or the road from Weizhou before writing this inscription. Also, magistrate of a county in Wu probably hasn't been to or doesn't know that there is another road leading to Jingxing, that is, the road from Tumen to Bailu Fountain and looking straight at Weizhou. The north road under Qingshiling passes through Weizhou Island, Wang Ping and Tumen, which is about "exactly 30 miles". From 1969 to 1975, I worked and lived in Weizhou and walked between Weizhou, Nanping and Beiping many times. This section of the road has a wide field of vision and is relatively flat, which is much easier than going from Weishan to Baiwangzhuang and crossing Baishiling. Not far from Wang Ping Village is the territory of Huolu County. Turn right at Duanzhuang, Shen Hu, Bailuquan and other villages, and you can reach Tumen Village about 10 Li. My students say that people in their village often catch deer directly from the east end of the village (go to the market). If they go to Shijiazhuang, they will take the roads of Duanzhuang, Bailuyuan and Tumen, and rarely bypass yu zhou, Jingyanfeng and Shan 'an and take National Highway 307. Moreover, in the Tunao (commonly known as Monkey Mountain) behind Weizhou Nangou and Zhaiwan Village, you can not only see the wide Mianman River in an unobstructed view, but also directly observe Guti Village and Qingshiling Line on the other side of the river. General's Cemetery on Baishiling (photo taken at 1978) Locals often say that "the land in the city" is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, which refers to the place occupied by Hongqi Factory after Bei 'an Village. The terrain here is not only flat, but also embraced by the neighboring dustpan palm (mountain). This "treasure land" belonged to Zhongshan State during the Warring States Period, and it was built together with Mengmancheng. According to experts' research, Mianman country is the center, which governs Jingxing, Pingshan, Deer Catching and other parts of the country. In the early 1960s, when the foundation of Hongqi Factory was laid, many ancient tombs were dug and many cultural relics were unearthed. I often enter the factory, covering an area of about 2 square kilometers, not counting the training area outside its wall. From 65438 to 0975, I worked in Weizhou county, and then stayed in Baiwangzhuang (then called Xiangyang) school for two years in a row. The shortest route from Weishan to Baiwangzhuang is through Baishiling, and I can't remember how many times I have gone. At that time, the East Gate, the stage, the tea shed, the Chen Yu Temple, the Chen Yu Tomb and the stone tablets on Baishiling were all in ruins. I remember Chen Yu's grave in the weeds. Behind the stone tablet is not a mound, but a big pit. It was probably excavated during the Cultural Revolution. Standing on the top of the mountain, you can't see the Mianman River, let alone watch the deployment of troops. Most of the ancient buildings that became "ruins" on the mountain were in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. As for the weapons of the Han Dynasty found here, it is not enough to prove that they have been excavated in many places along the Mianman River, and there are more cultural relics found in Duanzhuang and dongyuan village downstream, which are earlier. Readers who are concerned about the ancient ruins of the Battle of Back Water can read two sections of Jingxing History and Culture (Historical Relics and Monuments Volume): Jingxing Ancient Post Road and Weizhou Ancient City Ruins. The authors Meng Fanfeng, Hu Qiuming and Xu Liyang are famous historians and cultural scholars. Baishiling? East Gate (photo taken at 1978) From the satellite image, it is inferred that the development of science and technology has broadened our horizons. Turn on the computer to surf the Internet, and search the topographic maps taken by satellites in Weishan, yu zhou, Qingshiling and Tumen from Gegu or Baidu. Mountains, rivers, gullies and gullies can be seen at a glance. Is Han Xin's main battlefield in the hinterland of Weishan Jingxing or in Weizhou? Combined with the above-mentioned theory of Weishan and Weizhou, satellite positioning topographic map, I guess it is like this: Han Xin marched eastward to Zhao, and entered Jingxing from Gantaoyi and Guguan, which were settled in Shanxi. The soldiers in Hedong Slope of Tianchang Town in Jingxing were divided into two roads ("Huaiyin Hou Tan Binchu"), and the main force was the northern line, namely Tianchang Town-Qingquan-Tianhu-Qingshiling-Weizhou; Two thousand Qingqi raced to the southern line at night, passed through Weishan-Baishiling-Bailu Fountain, and secretly inserted into Baoduzhai area. At that time, Tianhu (located in the northern line) was the political, cultural and economic center of Jingxing, so there was no doubt that it was necessary to take the northern line through the county. It was not until the Southern Song Dynasty that Jingxing County moved to Tianchang Town, and it was only in the forty-six years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 18) that it was changed to South Road. Due to the transposition of the North-South Road, the North Road is depressed and neglected. By the way, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune, and the coffin passed Jingxing and took the North Road. In my opinion, the battlefield of backwater war should generally refer to Weishan River to Weizhou. It is also the battlefield where two thousand Han troops ran from Weishan to Bishan. Tumen is 30 miles from Weishan, and Tumen is only 30 miles from Weizhou. The place to stop should be Mianman River under Qingshiling. Faith is to let 10 thousand people go first, go out and carry water behind. Zhao Jun smiled when he saw it. Standing on the highland near Mengmanchengtou or Weizhou, facing Mianman River, he couldn't help laughing when he saw the Han army behind the water. On the contrary, standing in Baishiling, you can't see Mianman River or backwater. Zhang Er made a great contribution to distinguish Qingshiling from Baishiling. Qingshiling was the main road at that time, so Weishan would not be the main battlefield. According to the terrain displayed by satellite positioning, the area from Wang Ping to Weizhou is relatively open, and Zhao army camped in Tumen to Wang Ping, which is convenient for attack. As a result, the line from Baishiling to Baoduzhai was empty, which created conditions for the Han army to bypass Bishan by light riding. It is probably the mastermind of the Han army's attack on Zhao's base camp. According to Records of the Historian and Biography, Zhang and Zhang are both great men of Wei. ""Yu teenager, father Zhang Er. The two of them are embarrassed. "At first, they followed Chen She at the same time, and successively appointed Chen Wu and Zhao Xie as the prince of Zhao, * * * Zhao as the general and the prime minister. Because of the great deer war, the two turned against each other. Later, Zhang Er was named Changshan King by Xiang Yu, with Zhixin (now Xingtai) as the capital, renamed Guo Xiang, and then defected to Liu Bang. In the third year of Han Dynasty, after Han Xin destroyed Wei, Liu Bangpa attacked Zhao with Han Xin, and after Zhao was destroyed, he was made the king of Zhao. Zhang Er has lived in Zhao area for a long time and is familiar with the geography and environment of Jingxing. Han Xin backwater array victory, Zhang Er. (from the network. Invasion and deletion)