1974, when the noisy spring came to the foot of Mount Li again, the annual well-drilling project in xiyang village began. On this day, production captain Yang and vice captain came to the west cliff in the corner of persimmon garden in the southwest of the village. They looked at the Meiyukou of Lishan Mountain for a while, and then looked around the surrounding terrain. With the shovel head, a big circle was drawn on a thistle-covered ground to determine the wellhead position for the team to drill wells.
The next day, six young and middle-aged laborers led by Yang dug in the circle.
The project went smoothly at first, but I didn't expect to meet a soil layer as hard as stone two days later. After digging about 3 meters, a thick layer of red soil appeared. It is incredible that red soil suddenly appeared under the soil layer 3 meters deep. The farmer guessed, "Isn't this the brick kiln in the hands of our ancestors?"
On the fifth day, a more bizarre scene appeared. Yang Zhifa, who was waving a spade head, suddenly found a round pottery at the foot of the western wall of the shaft. "Ah, a crock!" He let out a cry of surprise.
What was finally dug up was not a crock at all, but a "crock master". In Mandarin, it means digging a ceramic idol.
The news that the idol was dug up in Xiyang Village spread like wildfire in Fiona Fang Village, and people came to watch it one after another. The young man jokingly said, "This really corresponds to the folk song 1958, which has been dug into the Crystal Hall of the Dragon King." The old man looked horizontally and vertically and said, "This must be eighteen arhats underground!" ……
Just as everyone was making a fuss about the newly unearthed "King of Wapen", a soil and water conservation officer named Fang Shumin from the commune came to check the drilling situation.
"You have been playing this well for so many days, why haven't you pumped water?" Asked the soil administrator.
"You see, we played such a trick." The cadre pointed to a small statue and showed it to him.
"Ah, what is this?" The soil guard also froze at first. But after carefully observing the site of drilling, I quickly told him: "This well can't be drilled for the time being."
"Look, these square bricks are exactly the same as the Qin bricks unearthed near the first imperial tomb!" The conservationist, who knows a little about archaeology, first connected these terracotta figures with the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, five miles away.
"May be a national treasure"
After receiving the phone call from the soil and water conservation officer, three comrades from the county cultural center immediately flew here. There is a 40-year-old man named Zhao who specializes in cultural relics. After carefully examining these "clay pot owners", he said decisively: "What clay pot owner is probably a national treasure!" Say that finish, he took out a stack of hemp paper with him, carefully wrapped the well-preserved figurine head, body and legs and put them in the car. Then instruct the cadres and members to screen out all the red soil mixed with clay figurines at the wellhead with a rose screen, so that every piece of debris can be collected and sent to the county cultural center together with the crossbow arrow. When Zhao was sent back to the county, the members who were curious first and then happy could not help but ask, "Are these things from the Qin Dynasty?" Zhao said excitedly: "It's hard to say now. If it is the Qin Dynasty, it is hard to buy a thousand dollars! "
The next day, fragments filled with six cars of pottery figurines arrived at Lintong County Cultural Center. As a result, the restoration of the first batch of extremely large pottery figurines, which are rare in museums around the world, began in a corner of the showroom of this small cultural center, next to the famous Lishan Huaqing Pool.
Find the pieces together and glue them together with resin according to the original stubble. Even the girl's embroidery can't be more detailed than it. The young archaeologist groped around the clock and worked carefully. He will personally restore the cultural relics and find out the truth before reporting it in writing. In this way, the information found in this major cultural relic was not known to the outside world for more than two months.
The reporter's eyesight
During this period, Lin, a reporter working in China News Agency, went back to his hometown Lintong County to visit relatives. In this way, Zhao's bleak management and obscure repair work entered the reporter's sight.
"Ah, why didn't such a great discovery be reported?" The reporter looked at a preliminarily restored armor figurine and two small brown figurines and asked.
"Even if I don't fully understand it myself, how can I report it?" Young archaeologists also have a point.
On June 24, Lin Anan returned to Beijing after visiting relatives. The next day, the reporter couldn't restrain his inner excitement and wrote a report and handed it to the editorial department of People's Daily. This is the first internal written report on this amazing discovery. Journalists are not as meticulous and rigorous as archaeologists. According to his own intuition, he was directly named as "a group of Qin warrior pottery figurines appeared in the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor". He wrote:
Many warrior figures were unearthed near the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang at the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. The pottery figurines are 1.68 meters tall, wearing military uniforms and holding weapons. They are shaped according to the real image of soldiers in the Qin Dynasty.
"Terracotta warriors and horses have been unearthed around the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor before, but they are all small kneeling figures. The first time I found them like this real person. What is particularly precious is that this is a group of warriors. Qin Shihuang unified China by force, but the military image of Qin Dynasty is not recorded in the history books. These warrior figures were accidentally discovered by local commune members while drilling wells in March and April this year. Inferred from the unearthed situation, there were houses built on the pottery figurines at that time. Later, it was burned by Xiang Yu, and the house collapsed and was buried for more than two thousand years. These cultural relics were cleared and excavated by Lintong County Cultural Center. So far, only a part has been cleared. Because of the summer harvest, the excavation work was abandoned halfway. ……"
Take prompt measures
As soon as this internal situation was announced, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and leading comrades of relevant departments of the central government quickly learned this important news. In just a few days, Comrade * *, Vice Premier of the State Council, personally instructed National Cultural Heritage Administration:
"It is suggested that the Cultural Bureau consult with the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and take prompt measures to properly protect this important cultural relic."
National Cultural Heritage Administration's leading cadres and staff, who are still ignorant of this important discovery, seem to have a sense of "dereliction of duty" after seeing this instruction. They quickly picked up the microphone and contacted the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Management Association. I am afraid that the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Management Association is also at a loss! Then, on July 6th, Chen Zhide, director of National Cultural Heritage Administration Cultural Management Office, took the important instructions from the Deputy Prime Minister and flew directly to Xi 'an.
After Chen Zhide and others arrived in Xi, they were on pins and needles. After talking with the relevant leading comrades of Shaanxi Provincial Committee, accompanied by the comrades of the Provincial Cultural Management Committee, I came to the scene the next day. After a small-scale excavation, a group of warriors stood in the pit. The experts were surprised beyond description as soon as they arrived at the scene. Although they often travel across oceans and have extensive knowledge and experience of cultural relics, they are too excited to know what to say when they stand in front of these "clay giants".
In this investigation, it was officially confirmed that the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee appointed comrades with excavation experience to form an archaeological task force to continue to carefully clean up and excavate the site. According to this decision, on July 15, an archaeological team of Qin figurines, composed of Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Management Association and Archaeological Research Institute, came to xiyang village. From this day on, a magnificent page in the history of international archaeology was opened.
The eighth miracle
The official excavation of the Terracotta Warriors first shocked the whole country. Artists with sketchpads came, and they were glad that the discovery of Qin figurines filled the gap in the art history of Qin Dynasty. The old marshal and general are here. They laughed at Wu Gou, saying that the discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses provided the most authentic information and scenes for studying the art of war, weapons and military arrays in ancient China. Experienced metallurgists came. They put their hands on Qin Jian and exclaimed that China's ancient metallurgy was absolutely superb and unparalleled. Some scholars and experts who have always worshipped ancient Greek sculpture came and changed their conventional views. They believe that the meticulous plastic arts of Qin figurines are the earliest and most brilliant chapter in the history of world sculpture. The wind soon crossed the national border and spread to some friendly countries. Many foreign guests who come to Xi put forward a point: I hope to see the Terracotta Warriors, so that my trip to China will be in glad you came. Many foreign friends call visiting the Terracotta Warriors and Horses their "peak project" to visit China. Foreign friends who were lucky enough to visit the Terracotta Warriors shouted: "China is great!" "China is great!"
1978 In September, Mr. Chirac, the former French Prime Minister and mayor of Paris, who had a profound study and attainments in history, faced the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty, as if he were a world away, he said, "It turns out that there are seven wonders of the world. I saw the Qin terracotta warriors today, and I want to say that this is the eighth miracle. " He gestured again and made a powerful supplement: "And the Qin figurines should be among the best!"
Over the past seven years, around the eighth wonder of the world, foreign friends have taken photos, drawn pictures, interviewed and written academic articles in the capital, explained the historical documents and films, and made a written outline of feature films with the excavation of the Terracotta Warriors as the background, and volunteered to come to the excavation site to send their sons to study archaeology, and they are willing to contribute their advanced science and technology to the restoration of the Terracotta Warriors. ..... We have to let Qin's soldiers and horses meet with some European countries and people there to thank the people of these countries for their yearning for Qin figurines.
Miracle, miracle, this is indeed a miracle! Only the excavated pit 1 has an area of 14260 square meters. In the rectangular pits in the west and east of this building, there are more than 6,400 terracotta warriors and horses as big as real horses. Its formation is a large-scale military array with 2 10 as the vanguard, 38 columns as the main body, and 3 queues as the flanks and guards. Pit 2, just north of it, covers an area of 6,000 square meters after preliminary drilling and trial excavation, in which it is estimated that there are more than 1000 terracotta warriors and horses (including crossbowmen, chariots and cavalry) as mixed arms. After drilling and trial excavation, 68 terracotta warriors and horses with military figures as the main body were found in the No.3 pit. Judging from the whole layout, pit 3 is undoubtedly the headquarters of this underground body guard. Interestingly, there are 1 terracotta warriors and horses pits to the north of these three pits. After drilling, the pit is empty. Perhaps because of a sudden disaster in the building, the prisoners evacuated hastily and failed to put the Terracotta Warriors inside as planned, forming the "empty city plan".
Standing on the shore of xiyang village, overlooking the huge pit of terracotta warriors and horses and the magnificent military array, how can we not be "amazing"! At the same time, we can't help but marvel at the rich ideas and great verve of Reese and Zhang Han, who were in charge of designing and building this great underground civil engineering at that time! The whole 7,000-odd warrior figurines, with different costumes, different expressions, colorful bodies (many colors fall off after being unearthed) and spears in their hands, make people want to see the ancient artists and working people, and what arduous labor and creative wisdom they have paid for it! Undoubtedly, when all the terracotta warriors and horses are unearthed, restored and sorted out in the future, we will see the side of Qin Jun's lineup more than 2,000 years ago. Imagine, when we are in the time and space of the 20th century, to review an ancient army ready to go in the 2nd century BC, isn't it an exciting miracle and spectacle?
People should remember the time when this miracle was discovered: AD1March 29th, 974. People should also thank the discoverers of this miracle: China ordinary farmers Yang Zhifa, Yang, Yang, Yang, Yang Xinman and Wang Puzhi.
Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors? On March 29th, 1974, located in Xiyang Village, a remote village in Yanzhai Commune (now Yanzhai Township), Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, several villagers who were born and raised in the south of the village dug a well to fight drought and dug up several broken pottery figurines. Since then, an archaeological discovery that shocked the world has begun.
Who is the owner of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and whose buried figurines are Qin Shihuang?
Who discovered the Qin Terracotta Warriors? Farmer Yang Zhifa.
The discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses was accidentally discovered by local farmer Yang Zhifa when he was digging a well in March 1974. At that time, they put the excavated figurines and pottery pieces on two shelf cars and pulled them to the county seat to the county cultural center at night. The curator is really an expert. After reading it carefully, he judged that it was a cultural relic more than 2000 years ago. The cultural relics were immediately accepted by God. In order to thank the two farmers, he touched all over his body and gave all his monthly salary of more than 30 yuan to the Yang brothers.
Yang Zhifa was later appointed honorary curator of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, with a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan, and he was over 70 years old.
If Yang Zhifa sits in the museum for ten days every month and signs autographs for Chinese and foreign tourists, he can still get another five thousand yuan.
Allowance.
Who is the real owner of Qin Terracotta Warriors 1974? A rare pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors was discovered in xiyang village, Lintong County, Xi. After careful exploration and research, it is determined that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit are buried together with the tomb of Qin Shihuang. These life-size Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were the brave troops who followed Qin Shihuang to unify the six countries in all directions. However, a man named Chen Jingyuan disagreed with this view, and he raised various questions about whether the Terracotta Warriors belonged to Qin Shihuang.
So, in his mind, who is the real owner of the Terracotta Warriors?
Questioning that a pit is so far away from the Qin Mausoleum, is it Qin Shihuang's?
At the beginning of1974165438+10, Chen Jingyuan went to Nanjing Museum on business, and the comrades in the museum told Chen Jingyuan about the discovery of Terracotta Warriors. Chen Jingyuan, who has always been interested in the Qin Mausoleum, went to Xi 'an for an inspection.
Chen Jingyuan is an ordinary architect. Before retiring, I worked in Jiangsu Land and Resources Bureau. In the archaeologists' tent at the site of the Terracotta Warriors' excavation, Chen Jingyuan was fortunate to meet Professor Yuan, the captain of the Terracotta Warriors' Archaeological Team and the former director of the Terracotta Warriors Museum. However, the differences in academic views between Chen Jingyuan and Yuan started from this meeting.
When Chen Jingyuan visited Xi 'an, he found a major doubt: the shortest distance from the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is 1.5km. If the width of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit itself is added, the distance will be even longer. Generally speaking, who would put the burial pit in such a far position? Mount Li is a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Besides the Qin Mausoleum, other mausoleums are often found around. Since the density of tombs in this area is relatively high, how can we be sure that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were buried with Qin Shihuang?
He wrote down these questions and forwarded them to the archaeological team, hoping for a convincing explanation, but he didn't get a reply.
So, why didn't Yuan write back? In fact, in Yuan's view, he and Chen Jingyuan had already answered Chen Jingyuan's question when they first met. Yuan said that the Qin Mausoleum covers a vast area, surrounded by inner cities and outer cities in addition to the underground palace. Although the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are outside the outer city, they seem to be far away from the Qin Mausoleum, but in terms of area, their distance is proportional. For this explanation, Chen Jingyuan is still unwilling. Finally, he found several strong evidences.
Why did Qin Shihuang choose backward bronze weapons to be buried with him instead of iron weapons?
In pits 1 and 2 of the Terracotta Warriors, a large number of soldiers lined up neatly around the chariot, from which Chen Jingyuan concluded that the chariot was the main force of this army.
However, from the Yin Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, with the continuous expansion of the scale of the war, the weakness of the car war was gradually exposed, and it was often neglected. Then, will Qin Shihuang use a large number of backward chariots in the war?
Chen Jingyuan pointed out that after Qin Shihuang came to power, successive years of war forced him to optimize and adjust the military structure, using a large number of cavalry and infantry to make it lighter and easier to fight. From this point of view, the army in the Terracotta Warriors pit should not be the army of Qin Shihuang, and its age must be earlier.
In this regard, Yuan believes that it cannot be denied that it belongs to Qin Shihuang just because there is a chariot in the pit. At present, there is no clear written record that Qin banned chariots. Although the chariot has its limitations, when the two armies are at war, its advantages in speed and impact are incomparable to infantry and cavalry. The array of terracotta warriors and horses pits is a model of organic combination of chariots, cavalry and infantry.
Chen Jingyuan obviously disagreed with this explanation. He pointed out another doubt: many heavy bronze weapons were found in the pit of Terracotta Warriors. Will Qin Shihuang, the monarch who is good at using troops and unifying the six countries, choose backward and bulky bronze weapons instead of advanced iron weapons? This obviously goes against common sense.
For this point of view, Yuan believes that there is a process for iron weapons to replace copper weapons, because the popularization of smelting technology will take some time. Therefore, from the current archaeological data, the weapons unearthed in the Qin Dynasty are basically bronze weapons, and there are few iron weapons. Only two or three pieces have been unearthed in the whole Qin Mausoleum, so it is inconsistent with the actual situation that iron weapons replace bronze weapons.
Questioning the third Qin Shihuang's strong teacher, not even wearing a helmet?
Chen Jingyuan's doubts are still not over: since Qin Shihuang's army is a strong division that can unify the six countries, it should also be first-class in equipment. However, these soldiers in the pit have no helmet protection. It is hard to imagine that such a crude armed force can win on the battlefield of close combat.
Indeed, archaeologists have discovered a Shijiakeng near the Qin Mausoleum. From the assembled helmet armor, we seem to see Qin Jun's mighty and heroic posture. Strangely, since Qin Jun was equipped with a helmet, why didn't anyone wear it?
Yuan believed that Qin people were born among barbarians in the northwest, used to martial arts and lived together with nomadic people. Moreover, at that time, Shang Yang formulated a set of strict laws for Qin, which other countries could not bear: as long as Qin captured the enemy's head alive, he could get a title, a farmhouse and several servants. Perhaps it was driven by this interest that soldier Qin Jun simply took off his heavy helmet and heavy armor and rushed to the battlefield to kill him. Qin Jun's behavior is also described in historical records: Qin Jun even went topless on the battlefield, only taking off his only armor.
Chen Jingyuan's doubts about the Terracotta Warriors did not end there.
Questioning the strange characters on the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, suggesting that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses belonged to the Emperor Qin?
1975, a picture in the briefing 1 about the trial excavation of Qin Yong pit in Lintong county caught Chen Jingyuan's attention. This picture is regional of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, with a strange word engraved on it:. Although Chen Jingyuan is no stranger to Shaanxi opera characters, it is the first time to see such a strange character.
In the "Trial Excavation Briefing" written by the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Archaeological Team, experts interpret this word as "spleen". Chen Jingyuan disagreed. He leafed through the Jin Wen Bian and the Compilation of Ancient Books, and found that there were many ways to write the word "Bei" which constituted the right half of the word "spleen". But among many glyphs, none matches the characters in the girl's pit.
It is this word that led to Chen Jingyuan's amazing discovery of the owner of the Terracotta Warriors.
1976, Chen Jingyuan ran to Xi 'an after learning the news of the discovery of Terracotta Warriors in Xi 'an. In the office of Xi 'an Cultural Management Committee, the person in charge carefully showed Chen Jingyuan a bucket of the Qin Dynasty. There is also a strange word engraved on this tile. Chen Jingyuan doesn't know the words on the left, but the words on the right are still easy to recognize. Chen Jingyuan returned to his residence in Nanjing with developed characters, but in the next two years, he was at a loss in the face of the vast amount of ancient characters.
By chance, Chen Jingyuan met Professor Duan Xizhong, an expert on ancient Chinese characters at Nanjing Normal University, in the library. After careful textual research, Professor Duan thinks that the word on the left side of Douwa in Qin Dynasty is a variant of "Bi". This should be two single characters, pronounced "Mi Yue". This dispelled the long-standing confusion in Chen Jingyuan's heart. The word "Mi" is no stranger to him. After Qin Shihuang's grandmother, Qin Huiwen's princess, her surname is Mi. Therefore, Chen Jingyuan concluded that the owner of the Terracotta Warriors was not Qin Shihuang, but his grandmother, Qin Xu Antai. Yuan believes that words can't be split like this. When a word is split, its meaning is very different.
Question 5
Qin people are still black. Why are the clothes of soldiers and figures all colorful?
The expert's explanation seems to disappoint Chen Jingyuan, but he also presented an unexpected evidence-Qin people value black, while soldiers' clothes are colorful.
At the time of excavation, many figurines still had some pigments on their bodies. Judging from the position and color of the pigments, their clothes were colorful. In the era when Qin Shihuang lived, Jin Mu's theory of fire, water, soil and five elements was very popular. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty advocated the virtue of fire. After Qin Shihuang died, he thought that his water had conquered Zhou's fire, so he regarded the virtue of water as the object of worship. In the Qin dynasty, the corresponding color of water in the five elements was black. Qin Shihuang also promulgated "Shanghei" as a law. In this case, it is difficult to explain the colorful soldiers unearthed in these pits if they were placed in the Qin Shihuang era, but it is reasonable to explain them if they are placed in the Xuan Di era.
Yuan Ze believed that the Qin Dynasty was still black, which only showed that Qin people attached importance to black and demanded to wear black on important occasions, instead of asking the people of the whole country not to wear clothes of other colors. Chen Jingyuan felt that Yuan lacked direct and powerful evidence. Then, in the face of Chen Jingyuan's repeated doubts, what is Yuan thinking?
Questioning six
Why was Ge buried with him found in the silt layer?
Yuan said that many weapons of the Qin Dynasty were unearthed in pit 1, and the surface of one weapon named "Ge" was clearly engraved with the inscription "Five Years of State Ge".
Lv Buwei was the prime minister of Qin Shihuang, and one of his duties was to be responsible for weapons production. Chen Jingyuan pointed out that in the archaeological report of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, five Ge with the words "Lv Buwei with a neck stick" were mentioned, but other weapons were not clearly marked. For example, some Qin weapons named beryllium have been unearthed in the pit of terracotta warriors and horses. These weapons are only marked with "seventeen years" and "eighteen years", so it is difficult to judge which historical period they belong to. Lv Buwei reigned for only 10 years and died at the age of Qin Shihuang 12. Therefore, the copper beryllium marked "Sixteen years" definitely does not mean "Sixteen years in Lv Buwei". From this, it can be inferred that, except for the five Ge inscribed with the inscription "Xiangbang Lv Buwei", other weapons of unknown age should not have been made in Qin Shihuang's time.
Yuan pointed out that many weapons were inscribed with the words "Temple Worker". Temple workers are the national institutions established by Qin Shihuang to make weapons and chariots and horses, which clearly shows that the Terracotta Warriors were built during the Qin Shihuang period and their owners were Qin Shihuang.
Chen Jingyuan took out a photo to prove his point of view. This photo reveals a little secret when Ge was unearthed-it was not unearthed on the floor tile of the figurine pit, but was found on the silt layer at a certain distance from the floor tile. If "Ge" and the figurine pit are in the same era, why didn't they appear on the floor tile of the figurine pit, but on the silt layer 29 cm to 250 cm away from the floor tile?
In this regard, terracotta warriors and horses experts said that children's songs were originally controlled by soldiers and figures and were in a state of suspension. In recent 2000 years, due to natural reasons such as ground seepage and flood, a large amount of water has flowed into the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, forming a silt layer. One day, the suspended children's song lost its carrier and fell into the silt layer. Experts have given a nearly perfect explanation to this question, and the discussion about who owns the Terracotta Warriors seems to have a clear result.
Although the archaeological work of the figurine pit is not over yet, with the continuous advancement of the program, the fog hanging over the Qin Mausoleum will gradually disperse, and a magnificent underground kingdom will be presented to everyone.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty were discovered in March 1974. Farmers in Xiyang Village, Lishan Town, Lintong County found several life-size terracotta warriors and horses made of broken clay when digging wells at Lingdong 1.5km. After exploration and trial excavation by Shaanxi Archaeological Team, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses came to light again.
Hello, who is the owner of Qin Terracotta Warriors? Used to be Qin Shihuang. Now it belongs to China.
1In March, 974, Mr. Yang Zhifa, a villager from xiyang village, east of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, found a large pit of terracotta warriors and horses between Lisanxiahe Village and Wula Village, east of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin terracotta warriors and horses buried more than 2000 years ago was unearthed.
1975, the state decided to build a museum on the original site of the figurine pit. 1 97910 June1day, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang began to show to tourists at home and abroad.
Terracotta army
On the afternoon of June 13, 2009, the third large-scale excavation of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.1 in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang began. Later, painted terracotta warriors and horses were unearthed in the middle of the northern part of No.1 pit, but unfortunately they were oxidized and decolored soon after they were unearthed.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are one of the greatest discoveries in the world archaeological history, and four pits have been found.
The Terracotta Warriors Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China.
198 1 year, the people of China and the State Council designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The first comprehensive archaeological investigation of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum began in 1920.
1982, archaeologists drew the first plane layout of the cemetery. After testing, the cemetery covers an area of 56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden City, which caused a sensation in the archaeological community.
1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty made all the people in China proud and amazed the people all over the world!
20 12- 12 The cooperative research between the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum and the School of Archaeology, University of London, UK was listed as one of the most outstanding archaeological research achievements in 20 12.
On March 9, 20 15, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang were exhibited in Tokyo National Museum and other places to further spread Japanese culture and promote cultural exchanges between China and China.
On April 20 15, with the approval of the state, the second excavation of the No.2 pit, which has been dusty for many years, will be officially carried out.
If you are satisfied, please accept it.
Who built the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin Dynasty According to Records of the Historian, Qin Shihuang began to build a cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13. Prime Minister Lisi was responsible for the planning and design, and General Zhang Han was responsible for the construction, which lasted for 38 years.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, located at Lingdong 1500m. The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are inclined doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pit No.2 and pit No.3. The pit layout is reasonable and the structure is strange. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are in the pit.