She County, Anhui, Langzhong, Shanxi, Pingyao, Yunnan, Lijiang
She County is located at the center of the tourist routes of Hangzhou, Qiandao Lake, Huangshan and Jiuhua Mountains, where the Huihang and Tunwu highways intersect. , the Anhui-Jiangxi Railway passes through. The mountains and rivers here are beautiful and the scenery is beautiful. The ancient residential complexes in the territory are elegantly laid out, and gardens, pavilions, ancient bridges, stone squares, and ancient pagodas can be seen everywhere, just like a magnificent historical museum. The main attractions include Taibai Tower, Xin'an Monument Garden, Xu Guo Stone Square, Doushan Street, Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall, etc.
Taibai Tower is located on the west side of Taiping Ancient Bridge and is a must-pass on the way from Huangshan Mountain to Qiandao Lake. The building is a double-story pavilion with beams and cornices. It is a typical Huizhou building. The building displays inscriptions from past dynasties, ancient ink rubbings, couplets and verses from ancient and modern celebrities. According to legend, during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, the poet Li Bai was looking for the hermit Xu Xuanping in Shexian County, but he missed him on the bank of Lianjiang River. To commemorate this event, later generations built the Taibai Tower where Li Bai drank. Visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery of mountains and waters in the west of the city and the shadows of ancient bridges and towers by climbing up the stairs.
Xin'an Stele Garden is close to Taibai Tower. This scenic spot integrates the Stele Garden and the garden into one. The entire building is located on the mountain, with multi-style flower walls, leaky windows, and cave doors that are transparent to each other. The stele corridor twists and turns 200 Domi. There are pavilions on high places, ponds in low places, and bamboo shadows whirling, which is the style of private gardens in Huizhou. The garden is built on Piyun Peak. There are peaks, buildings and water. Although the place is so close, it is broad-minded and full of mountains and wilderness. Interesting. In the corridor niche of the Stele Garden, there are displayed the "Yu Qing Zhai Tie" collected and engraved by Wu Ting, a collector in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty in She County, and the "Qing Jiantang Tie" engraved by Wu Zhen, a collector in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty in She County. There are more than 200 tablets in these two sets, which are masterpieces of Chinese calligraphy masters from the Jin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. They are carefully carved and are said to be rare. Japan has a complete set of rubbings of this set of inscriptions and regards them as Dharma inscriptions.
The Xu State Stone Tower stands in the downtown center of the county. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It was built in the twelfth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1584). The country is established. Xu Guo was a Jinshi in Jiajing Yichou (AD 1565) during the Ming Dynasty. He was an important minister in Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli dynasties, and won the emperor's "favor and favor". There are eight pillars on all sides of the archway, which are in the shape of a mouth. The stone pillars, beams, railings, railings, brackets, and birdstands are all large stones weighing four or five tons, and they are all made of hard blue tea garden stone with exquisite carvings. Delicate, well-proportioned patterns, sparse and colorful. Pairs of colorful phoenixes and rare birds, among the carved beams, flying dragons and animals, show their power in the painted walls. 12 stone lions leaning on pillars, with different expressions, reflect the unique expression technique of Huizhou stone carving. All the inscriptions on the stone square were written by Huang Qichang, a famous calligrapher who was a disciple of Xu Guo, making the whole stone square even more bold, gorgeous and majestic. Dooshan Street is located in She County. This ancient street integrates ancient houses, ancient streets, ancient sculptures, ancient wells and ancient archways, like a long historical picture.
Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall and Xingzhi Park are both located in She County. The memorial hall used to be Chongyi School, where Tao Xingzhi, a people’s educator, studied in his childhood. Inside, there are Tao Xingzhi’s relics and famous couplets. Come with a heart in your hands and leave without a blade of grass." Song Qingling wrote an inscription for Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall and called it "a teacher to all generations." There are two Qiao Towers in Shexian City. One is Nan Qiao Tower, commonly known as 24 Pillars. According to local records, this tower was built in the late Sui Dynasty and rebuilt many times in the Song and Ming dynasties. The existing Nanqiao Tower basically maintains the architectural style of the Song Dynasty, especially the "fence columns". It is an authentic "construction method" of the Song Dynasty, which is difficult to see today. Dongqiao Tower, also known as Yanghe Gate, was originally called Bell Tower. It was built in the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty and is a double-eaves style double-story pavilion. The two woodcutter towers are close to each other.
The natural landscape of the ancient city of Langzhong is unique and beautiful. The Jialing River with "the stone, the jasper, and the jade are dependent on each other" surrounds the ancient city of Langzhong and is surrounded by green mountains. It is a picture of "the city is surrounded by rivers on three sides and surrounded by mountains". The ink and wash painting "locking in the haze" is completely natural.
According to the record of "Taiping Huanyu Ji": "The four mountains are connected with the county, so it is called Langzhong." Therefore, Langzhong is named because the mountains have the shape of a ring arch. It is particularly worth mentioning that From a Feng Shui perspective, Langzhong is undoubtedly a Feng Shui treasure.
Langzhong has a long urban history. According to legend, this is the place where Fuxi, the ancient Chinese emperor, was born. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Langzhong was an important town in northern Ba. In the middle period of the Warring States Period (330 BC), the Ba Kingdom moved its capital from Chongqing to Langzhong. After the unification of Qin, Langzhong County was established in 314 BC. It has a history of more than 2,300 years.
From ancient times to the present, the county system of Langzhong has not been changed, and the county name has not been changed. It is one of the few counties in the country that still maintains its original name. Langzhong has always been the political, economic, military and religious center of northern Sichuan. All feudal dynasties set up counties, prefectures, prefectures and Taoist offices in Langzhong. The Qing government also established the capital of Sichuan Province in Langzhong for 17 years. There are many ethnic minorities in Langzhong, including 19 ethnic groups including Han, Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian, Gaoshan and Naxi.
The architectural style of the ancient city of Langzhong reflects the ancient Chinese concept of residential Feng Shui. Due to the closed geographical environment, the ancient city's style has been naturally protected. The ancient streets in the city are criss-crossed, and there are more than 20 of the 91 streets and alleys. The streets and alleys still maintain the architectural style of the Tang and Song Dynasties. These streets and alleys have unique styles in terms of their layout, space treatment, building appearance, construction methods, detailed decoration and material selection. The residential houses in Langzhong Ancient City belong to the Ming and Qing styles. Some have the sparse and elegant style of the Ming Dynasty, while others have the exquisite and complicated characteristics of the Qing Dynasty. Most of them are characterized by elegant and exquisite carvings and paintings. There are 143 residential sites listed for protection first. The common characteristics of these official residences and private residences are: ancient, elegant, quiet and green. The small wooden houses facing the street have external colonnades with several feet of eaves for pedestrians to shelter from the sun and rain. The architectural layout is mostly quadrangle courtyards/some courtyards have winding corridors and winding corridors, which are simple and elegant, with the characteristics of southern gardens. Towers often rise from the ground at street intersections.
The ancient city of Langzhong is very well preserved, with hundreds of ancient streets and courtyards in the city still inhabited by people. Today, while wandering around the Langzhong Ancient City Conservation Area, I can see that both sides of the street are wooden buildings with green tile roofs. Most of them are bungalows, all with wooden walls as walls. Narrow ancient streets and lanes are criss-crossed, and the ground is paved with stone slabs. The ancient city reserve looks antique. The existing ancient buildings in Langzhong include: 2 in the Yuan Dynasty, 4 in the Ming Dynasty, 12 in the early Qing Dynasty, as well as numerous markets and ancient residences from the Tang and Song Dynasties, which are an important heritage of Chinese ancient architecture.
In addition, Langzhong is also one of the important birthplaces of Taoism in my country. It is the famous "Buddha Capital" and has many temples, Taoist temples and churches that are well preserved.
The ancient city is surrounded by water on three sides and mountains on one side. It is home to outstanding people and is known as the "Langyuan Wonderland", among which there are countless heroes. According to historical records, Langzhong is the hometown of Fuxi, the ancestor of the people; Zhang Fei, the governor of Basi, the commander of Sidi of the Shu Han Dynasty, stayed in Langzhong for seven years, and later grew up in Langzhong and was buried here; Luo Xiahong, the astronomer of the Western Han Dynasty who created the "Taichu Calendar"; the Eastern Han Dynasty Ren Wensun, Ren Wengong and his son; Zhang Xian, the son-in-law of Yue Fei and a heroic general in the Southern Song Dynasty; Han E, the "Mulan" of Sichuan in the late Ming Dynasty, etc. Ancient and modern celebrities such as Du Fu, Lu You, Sima Guang, Su Shi and his son, Wen Tong, Zhang Shanzi, Feng Ziqi, Xiao Jun and other poets and poets of the past dynasties have visited Langyuan for sightseeing or traveling, leaving behind a large number of calligraphy treasures and poems, adding brilliance to Langyuan's world-famous scenic spot. of brilliance.
The ancient city of Pingyao in Shanxi Province was included in the World Heritage List in December 1997.
Pingyao Ancient City, located in Shanxi, is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,700 years. It is one of the four most complete ancient cities in China. It is also the only country in my country that has successfully applied for a world cultural heritage with an entire ancient city. Ancient county seat. Pingyao was formerly known as "Ancient Tao". In the early Ming Dynasty, the city wall was built to defend against foreign invasion from the south. In the third year of Hongwu (AD 1370), the old wall was rebuilt and expanded, and it was completely covered with bricks. Later, Jingde, Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli dynasties carried out ten repairs and repairs, updated the towers and added enemy towers. In the 43rd year of Kangxi (AD 1703), because the emperor passed through Pingyao on his western tour, he built four large towers, making the city even more spectacular. The Pingyao City Wall has a total circumference of 6,163 meters and a wall height of about 12 meters. It divides Pingyao County, which covers an area of ??about 2.25 square kilometers, into two worlds with completely different styles. Within the city wall, the streets, pavements, and market buildings retain the Ming and Qing style; outside the city wall, it is called the New City. This is a wonderful place where ancient and modern buildings are integrated and complement each other, making people daydream about it.
The ancient city of Pingyao was built during the reign of King Zhou Xuan from 827 BC to 782 BC. It was built for the Western Zhou Dynasty general Yin Jifu to garrison here. Since the Qin Dynasty government implemented the "prefecture and county system" in 221 BC, Pingyao City has been the seat of the county government and continues to this day. The ancient city of Pingyao has gone through many vicissitudes and changes, and has become the most complete prototype of an ancient Chinese county town during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. The ancient city we see now is what it looked like after expansion in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370). The expanded Pingyao City is grand and majestic, with a city circumference of 6.4 kilometers. It is the oldest and largest existing county wall in Shanxi and China.
The bird's-eye view of the ancient city of Pingyao is even more amazing. This city wall is flat and square, shaped like a turtle, and has six gates, one in the north and south, and two in the east and west. The south gate of the city is the turtle head, and the two wells outside the gate symbolize the eyes of the turtle. The north gate is the turtle's tail, which is the lowest point in the city. All the accumulated water in the city flows out through this. There are four barbicans on the east and west sides of the city, facing each other. The gates of the upper west gate, lower west gate, and upper east gate all open to the south, shaped like turtle claws extending forward. Only the outer gate of the lower east gate of the barbican opens straight to the east. It is said that it was built when the city was built. In case the turtle crawled away, he straightened his left leg and tied it to a foothills platform twenty miles away from the city. This seemingly false legend reflects the ancient people's extreme admiration for turtles. The turtle is an immortal creature, and in the minds of the ancients, it is as holy as a god. It embodies the profound meaning of hoping to use the power of the Turtle God to make the ancient city of Pingyao as solid as a rock, forever solid, safe and sound, and to last forever. There are also 72 watchtowers on the city wall, and there are 3,000 crenellations on the outside of the top of the wall. Legend has it that it is a symbol of Confucius’s 3,000 disciples and 72 sages
Lijiang is located in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, with a long history and beautiful scenery. , with majestic natural environment, is the hometown of the Naxi people, descendants of the ancient Qiang people. Lijiang Old Town, with an altitude of 2,400 meters, is the central city of Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County. It is one of China's famous historical and cultural cities and a national key scenic spot.
Lijiang County, surrounded by mountains and rivers, is said to be named "Dayan Town" because it resembles a large inkstone. Exploring its past, people discovered that this once-forgotten "Ancient Naxi Kingdom" has been home to human beings since ancient times. Today's owners, the Naxi people, are the descendants of the Qiang people who migrated south in ancient times. Over thousands of years, they worked hard to build their beautiful homes.
This place is located on the main transportation route between Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. Frequent business travel activities in ancient times made the local people prosperous, and it soon became a famous market and important town far and wide. It is generally believed that the construction of Lijiang began in the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty. In 1253 AD, Kublai Khan (the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty) stationed his troops here when he conquered the Dali Kingdom in the south. From then on, until the early Qing Dynasty for nearly five hundred years, the Lijiang area was hereditary rule by the ancestors of the Mu clan of the Naxi ethnic group and the Mu clan chieftain (established in 1382) under the jurisdiction of the Central Dynasty. During this period, Xu Xiake (1587--1641), a geographer of the Ming Dynasty who traveled extensively in Yunnan, described in "Diary of a Travel to Yunnan" that Lijiang City at that time had "complexes of private houses, with tiled roofs and wooden houses". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the number of residents in the ancient city reached more than a thousand households, which shows that urban construction Already quite large-scale.
Looking from the north of Lijiang, you can see the towering Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, a majestic and ever-changing scenery. Folk songs say that "one mountain has four seasons, and the weather is different ten miles away." It is known as a "treasure house of flora and fauna" and is also a huge natural reservoir.
Walking into the ancient streets paved with colorful stones in Lijiang and wandering around Sifang Street in the north commercial center of the town, you will see the gurgling water in the canals, the weeping willows on the riverside, bridges in front of the shops and houses, or there are bridges behind the houses. Creeks, countless trickling streams in the streets and alleys, winding through the walls and around the houses. This stream of clear water comes from the Yuquan at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the north of the city.
The White Horse Dragon Pond and many wells and springs built in the city in the early years based on the underground springs still exist today. People created the water use method of "one pond, one well and three ponds", that is, the first pond for drinking water and the second pond for washing. For washing vegetables and washing in three ponds, clean water is poured down in sequence, which is both scientific and hygienic. Residents also use water to wash the streets. As long as the gates are blocked and the water overflows the stone pavement and drains down, the dirt can be washed away and the market can be kept clean.
Lijiang Dayan Town, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, has neither a tall walled city nor a grand avenue, but it is simple and picturesque, with natural harmony everywhere. The houses in the town are undulating due to the topography and flowing water. People use wood, stone and soil to build beautiful and practical houses, integrating the traditions of Han, Bai and Tibetan houses to form a unique style. What is common in the local area is the "three squares and one screen wall" style house, that is, a three-sided courtyard surrounded by a main room, a side room and a wall. Each room has three rooms and two floors. The main room facing south is for the elders, and the east and west wing rooms are generally for the younger generations. Most of the houses are decorated with a fish-shaped or leaf-shaped piece of wood called "hanging fish" under the eaves protruding from the two gable walls, in order to pray for "good luck". Many courtyard gatehouses are exquisitely carved, and the courtyards are paved with pebbles, tiles, and tiles. The front hall usually has six lattice doors and windows, and the carvings in the center of the windows are mostly flowers of the four seasons or auspicious birds and animals. Most of the eaves in front of the hall are relatively wide, making it a warm and comfortable space for activities