Wuhan European architecture-Jianghan Pass
Introduction of Jianghan Pass:
Jianghan Pass Building, located at the intersection of Jianghan Road and yanjiang road in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, is one of the landmark buildings in Wuhan and the core building of Hankou Concession.
Hankou Customs-Jianghan was established in November 1861. On November 4, 1922, at the 6th anniversary of Jianghan Pass, the foundation stone laying ceremony was held, and it was officially completed on January 21, 1924. The building covers an area of 1,499 square meters, with a building area of 4,9 square meters and a total height of 46.3 meters. It was the tallest building in Wuhan at that time, and the top of the bell tower was 83.8 meters above sea level.
Since p>1924, Jianghan Pass has played the overture of Westminster. During the Cultural Revolution, it changed to Dongfanghong, and in 1987, it changed to Westminster to tell the time, which is still in use today.
Jianghan Guan Building was the international advanced level at that time, both in appearance and architectural quality. As a witness to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social history of China, it is also the carrier for China to move from closed-door to open and inclusive. It is a witness to the opening of Hankou and a monument to Wuhan's vicissitudes of life, which has important historical value and architectural artistic value.
European architecture in Wuhan-Jianghan Pass
Jianghan Pass architectural style:
The building is located at 3 34' 49 "north latitude and 114 8' 45" east longitude, covering an area of 1,499 square meters, with a building area of 4,19 square meters and a height of 4.6 meters.
The whole building has straight lines and clear edges and corners. The main building on the ground floor is a square four-story building. There are eight Corinthian columns on the front and side, each of which is about 1 meters high and 1.5 meters in diameter. The stigma is composed of honeysuckle flowers, just like a flower basket. The steps in front of the door are high, up to 23 steps from top to bottom. The main parts of the building, such as walls, top plates and beams and columns, are made of Hunan hemp stone and engraved with patterns and lines. The bottom floor is solemn and thick, and the middle and upper floors are towering and elegant, full of artistic characteristics. The interior decoration of the building is also very elegant, and in general it strives to be gorgeous and beautiful. For example, offices, conference rooms, bedrooms, etc., use dignified teak doors and Liu 'an wood floors made in Britain, and the windows are inlaid with large transparent glass. The water, sanitation and electrical devices are all foreign products, such as ceiling fan switches and wires for lighting lamps, which are products of General Electric Company of the United States, and the circuit wires are embedded in the walls and floors. The elevators in the building are made by Medway Company of the United Kingdom. Water pipes, pumps and sanitary equipment are products of Gordon Company in Britain. There is a reservoir on the roof, which can store 5 tons of water. The central control heating equipment system is adopted, which is made by American heating equipment company and placed in two basements on the ground floor of the building.
The exterior wall is made of Hunan granite stones. The east, west and north walls of the building are all provided with granite colonnade columns decorated with deformed Corinthian capitals. The eight large columns in the north are 1.5m in diameter. The main surface design adopts the classical technique of three-stage composition, with the bell tower as the center as the symmetrical diagram. The treatment of wall, mountain flower, window lintel and entrance semicircular arch is Renaissance style. Because the south is adjacent to the old city, it opens to the south, showing a three-way courtyard layout, forming an inner courtyard. There are 28 steps at the front entrance. The treatment of east and west surfaces is similar, taking into account the relationship between river landscape and Jianghan Road. Hankou has been flooded many times, but the water level has never exceeded the first floor of the building, and the flood level has been fully considered in the design. There is a steel ladder in the fourth floor of the bell tower, which goes straight to the top floor, and a clock face with a diameter of 3 meters is embedded in the outer wall of the third floor. It has seven big clocks with different scales, which ring the bell on time every day and play it according to the engraving. The bell is clear and audible in the three towns in the dead of night, forming the center of time in people's minds.
the main building of the building has four floors, and the ground floor (i.e. the first floor) covers an area of 1,19.66 square meters, including a customs declaration lounge, a customs declaration wing, a chemical inspection room and a warehouse for contraband goods.
The second floor is a large office for staff, with an area of 1,118.42 square meters; The third floor, with an area of 1,123.87 square meters, is the office of the tax department and the offices of secretaries and river patrol affairs. The fourth floor covers an area of 781.72 square meters and is a senior customs officer's room.
Wuhan European-style building-Jianghan Pass
Jianghan Pass Characteristic Building:
Characteristic Bell Tower
Jianghan Pass Bell Tower is 4 stories from the platform of the main building to the top floor, with a clock face diameter of 3 meters. The parts of the bell tower are made by Chua's Tumex Watch Factory in Switzerland, and the time-telling device is made by Andassenmayer Company in the United States. The installation of the whole part is undertaken by David Chang of Hankou and Hengdali Watch Company, and the specific assembly is undertaken by Master Wang Weige.
there is a hexagonal device on the top floor of the bell tower, that is, an audio room composed of seven bronze bells with different scales. The third floor is the hour hand room of the big clock, and the hour hand is 1.5 meters long. The second floor is the machine room of the big clock, and the lower hall is the pendulum room. The clock plays music by the hour, and it strikes a Westminster song. According to the English-Chinese Dictionary, this song refers to the bell song played by Big Ben, the bell tower of the Parliament Building in London, England. Because the Parliament is located in Westminster, London, the bell song is named after it. In 1794, Kloz, a famous British composer, designed "inscription" music with four notes as a group, which was first adopted by the newly-built bell tower of St. Mary's Church in Cambridge University, known as "Cambridge Bell" in the world. In 1859, the bell tower of the British Parliament Building also played this song, which made it famous. Londoners often check the time when they hear the bell, which has nothing to do with praising the Queen of England. "Cambridge Bell" is like the theme song of the first symphony of German classical musician Brahms. The bell works according to the rule of playing 4 bars and 16 notes every hour. When you ring the bell, the sound is loud and can be heard far and near.
there is also a anemometer installed on the top of the bell tower, which consists of four English letters: e, s, w, N (East East, South Southwest, West, North North). There is also a gold-plated English sailing sign on the instrument, which is unique.
The management of the bell tower is the responsibility of the off-duty customs clearance officer. Every Friday, the Greenwich Observatory standard time is checked with the British warships moored in the Yangtze River, so as to correct the time difference. If it is necessary to set the clock fast, the "winch" in the clock can be rotated upward, otherwise, the number of rotations depends on the time difference between the speed and speed of the clock. At 1 o'clock every Saturday morning, sailors go to the bell tower to scrub and refuel the parts, and hoist the suspended traction bell hammer once to turn the falling hammer to run the clock. The clock should not hoist the bell hammer when it strikes the time, and it should not be too close to the pulley when it is hoisted, so as not to break the steel wire and stop the clock. Also check whether the sandbox under the bell hammer is in place or full of sand, in case the steel wire breaks, and catch the bell hammer to avoid accidents. The bell tower began to strike the time on January 18th, 1924.
The top platform of the bell tower is a lookout signal station. Standing on the platform, you can have a bird's-eye view of Hankou Port, and you can observe the ships entering and leaving the port with binoculars. The signalman will signal the ships to enter or leave the port. This signal station is on duty by four signalmen in turn, once every six hours, and is on duty in shifts. Hang red lanterns during the day, indicating that there are ships entering the port from the downstream; Hanging a green lantern indicates that a ship has entered the port from the upstream. At the same time, the signalman reports to the Deputy Inspector-General by telephone about the upstream and downstream departure of the ship, such as the name, location and dynamics of the ship, and once the personnel on duty record them in the register one by one, they will be published on the bulletin board for the customs staff to check.
European architecture in Wuhan-Jianghan Pass
Architectural history of Jianghan Pass:
Reasons for its initial construction
Before the opening of the port in p>1861, the Qing government only set inland checkpoints in three towns of Wuhan, such as Jiangguan in Wuchang, Chaoguan in Hanyang, Zongguan in the west of Han (Kou) and Hanguan in Hankou. After the opening of Hankou port, the inland checkpoints were abolished together, and Jianghan Pass based on Han Pass was established.
In March, 1861, Britain unilaterally promulgated the Trade Charter of the Yangtze River and the Twelve Clauses of the Trade Charter of the Yangtze River, which stipulated: "Foreign businessmen can load and unload legal commercial goods at all ports above Zhenjiang as long as they go through formalities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and do not have to go through any customs formalities before returning to Zhenjiang." As a result, foreign ships swarmed into the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The official document of the then Governor of Huguang expressed dissatisfaction with this.
The official document then made a memorial to the Qing court, requesting to set up a customs in Hankou. After many twists and turns, the Prime Minister's yamen minister Yi V finally issued a letter saying: "... to Hankou, according to the inspector, the customs must be set up, and the goods should be checked out ..."
On January 1, 1863, the opening ceremony of Jianghan Customs was officially opened and closed in the presence of Zheng Lan, the commander of Jianghan Customs, a military road in the Han Dynasty (before January 1, 1863, Jianghan Customs was in the preparation period. On January 15, 1863, the first tax department of Jianghan Customs, Ditoma, reported to the General Tax Department, Hurd.
in p>1863, Jianghan Customs Office was first set up in Hankou River Street, Xiakou County, Hubei Province, that is, in Qinglong Lane, Binjiang, Hualou Street outside the British Concession, and Jianghan Customs Supervisor was set up in Guanya near Jurenmen Inspection Department, Hankou. At that time, the section from Jianghan Road to Xianghekou along Yanhe Avenue was not a main road, but a river street near the river, and only wheelbarrows and sedan chairs were allowed, so the traffic was not convenient.
At that time, Jianghan Customs Department was the real estate of China Merchants and Swire Foreign Firm.
The house and anti-smuggling warehouse of Jianghan Customs Office were purchased from American merchant flag Changyang Company in 1866 for 142, Guanping silver. Later, Jianghan Customs developed rapidly, and its business volume was second only to that of Shanghai Jiang Customs. According to Jianghan Customs Book, in 1862, there were 1,462 ships from various countries, accounting for more than 29, tons of cargo, and by 1892, there were more than 1, ships. Therefore, the old site is too narrow and crude to be used, and a new customs building should be built in a selective place.
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