During the Zhou Dynasty, Sui and Zeng countries had princes with the same surname. Two inscriptions were found in a tomb in Liang Shi, a hillock in Suizhou. One of the inscriptions belonged to the descendant of Nishinomiya, the son of the great mother. In the inscription, I call myself "the grandson of Zhou Wang", which proves that Zeng Hou was originally a branch of Zhou Wang.
According to this, it can be inferred that Zeng Guo is Ji's surname, and as its monarch, it is undoubtedly the same surname as Zhou, so it can also be called "Ji Yi".
According to the inscription 3 1 on the bronze shovel given to Ceng Houyi by King Hui of Chu, Ceng Houyi died in 433 BC or later. By measuring the carbon-14 of his remains, it can be inferred that Ceng Houyi's age of death was between 433 BC and 400 BC, and his age of death was between 42 and 45 years old.
Generally speaking, Ceng Houyi should have been born in 475 BC or later, and became a vassal around 463 BC, ruling for about 30 years.
The remains of Zeng Houyi's tomb show that Ceng Houyi paid great attention to musical instrument making and melody research before his death, and was also a strategist who was good at car fighting.
The location of the tomb of Zeng Houyi is called Leigudun, which has a history of more than 2,000 years.
According to legend, in 605 BC, Dou Jiao succeeded to the throne as Ling Yin. Dou Jiaojiao monopolized the power and was arrogant, killing Sima, who was in charge of the military, and taking advantage of Chu Zhuangwang's army to attack the Sui State, he led the Joao clan to launch a rebellion.
At this time, Chu Zhuangwang has arrived with the national city, and occupied the commanding heights of the south of the city. Chu Zhuangwang was caught between Scylla and Charybdis by the Pepper War rebellion. Chu Zhuangwang even lost several generals in the battle with Dou Jiao, and he also narrowly missed shooting two arrows from Dou Jiao.
In times of crisis, someone recommended young Yang, saying that he had the ability to penetrate Yang with a hundred paces. Ask Yang to audition on the spot.
At this time, a flock of geese flew in the sky, and Yang Yi shot down the leading geese. People picked it up and saw it in the throat. Chu Zhuangwang was overjoyed.
The next day, when the two armies confronted each other, Yang proposed to compete with peppers and arrows. He said, "I want you to shoot me three arrows first. If you miss, I'll only shoot you an arrow. "
Dou Jiao sent three arrows in succession. The first arrow was caught by Yang's left hand, the second arrow was caught by his right hand, and the third arrow of Dou Jiao was shot at Yang's throat. Yang briefly bent over and bit the arrow.
Yang dropped an arrow with both hands, took it from his mouth, drew his bow, and hit Dou Jiao in the throat with an arrow. At this time, the rebels chaos, Chu Zhuangwang personally drummed and adowa rebels. Chu Zhuangwang Highland, where drums are played, has been called Drum Pier ever since.
This magical legend is widely circulated in the local area.
Because of that magical legend, Leigudun was recorded in the county annals of past dynasties, so it was named Leigudun, and the tomb number was No.1 tomb of Suizhou Leigudun.
The ancients attached great importance to the choice of tomb sites, and believed that the geomantic omen of the cemetery determined their happiness index in the underworld, and even decided the rise and fall of family descendants.
As a monarch, Ceng Houyi certainly pays more attention to this point, and he is more qualified to choose a place he likes as a place where his soul can rest in peace. Ceng Houyi chose Leigudun as the tomb site, which was decided by comprehensive consideration of geographical environment, stratum lithology, geological structure and other factors.
The whole ancient tomb area is located on the rolling hills, and the mountain terrain is nearly north-south ridge terrain, winding from the northwest to the end of the hills. From the highest Lishan Shennong Cave to Leigudun, the mountains are endless, and 99 hills are connected together.
Looking from the east to the west of the mound, the ancient tomb of Leigudun is like a dragon lying on its back on the west bank of Tanzhe River. Dongtuanpo, where Zeng Houyi's tomb is located, is located in Longtou, and the whole tomb group is about 20 meters higher than the riverside flat. About 700 meters to the east, there is a pool of water flowing from north to south, about 2500 meters to the south, and there is water flowing from west to east. The two waters meet in the southeast of Leigudun.
Leigudun, with its peculiar landform, has become the resting place of hundreds of monarchs and nobles.
Within 4 square kilometers of Leigudun Tomb in Fiona Fang, they are all red sandstone geological structures. All graves are vertical caves in rock pits. The tombs are all rolling hills, and no mountain is as high as a steep wall. They are all located on the hills on the west bank of the Tanzhe River, and are arranged in turn along the mountain direction.
The eastern side of the tomb is near the alluvial plain by the river, the western side is undulating hills, and the western side is also alluvial plain. About 100 meters west of Zeng Houyi's tomb, there is a slightly smaller Shanbao Xituanpo, which is also a red sandstone stratum and extends from north to south in parallel with the Dongtuanpo where Zeng Houyi's tomb is located.
Two tombs, Wang Jiabao and Caijiabao, were discovered 2000 meters north of the tomb of Zeng Houyi. Judging from the shape and scale of the tomb, it should also be the tomb of the monarch, which is well preserved. In addition, the cemeteries of Lujiabang, Wangjiawan and Miaoaopo were discovered. Therefore, the area of the ancient tomb in Leigudun has expanded from 1 126 mu to 7620 mu.
The red sandstone stratum is like a red carpet on the earth, which is really beautiful and auspicious. Cave, sand, water and the "four spirits" in Feng Shui all occupy here.
This is why there are so many ancient tombs in Leigudun and why Ceng Houyi chose this place as his tomb site.
More than 5,000 items buried in the tomb of Zeng Houyi/kloc-0. One of them is a bronze fish frying pan with charcoal underneath. There is a fish on it. Although this fish has rotted and disappeared, it is a crucian carp according to the shape of the fish bone.
China's cooking skills have always been famous all over the world. Cooking pays attention to color, aroma, heat, production and seasoning. However, the whole human cooking has a development process. At first it was raw food. In addition to plants, there is also "eating and drinking blood"; Then developed into cooked food, cooked food from direct baking to boiling and finally steaming.
In cooking technology, it is difficult to satisfy people's pursuit of color, fragrance and taste only by burning, roasting, boiling and steaming. Only by developing to speculation and stressing firepower can we do this. Since the Neolithic Age, there have been cooking utensils such as cookers, pots and kettles, but no frying utensils have been found.
The fried fish dishes in the tomb of Zeng Houyi show that Ceng Houyi, the monarch of this small country, has noticed the way of frying fish.
Therefore, the fried fish plate in the tomb of Zeng Houyi also shows that there were cooking methods such as frying fish in China at least in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Through the continuous improvement of cooking methods, a variety of dishes have been made.
Fish itself has fishy smell, which comes from the fact that fish contains a substance called trimethylamine. In Ceng Houyi, a country more than 2,000 years ago, his chef put some plums in his cooking to eliminate the fishy smell.
There are many such plum pits in the fish bones unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi. This method, in the history of Chinese cooking, may be an earlier material object.
When drinking, Ceng Houyi also pays special attention to filtering out some precipitated substances in the wine, which often makes the wine cool in summer and warm in winter. There are a large number of fruit stones in the tomb, such as pepper, mountain bark grafting, mountain fruit planting, mountain tree planting, mango ear and so on. For these reasons, we can see that Ceng Houyi is still a gourmet who likes fresh fish.
Zeng Gong's bodyguard specially buried two pots of fish for his monarch, and prepared the funerary objects of fried fish, which naturally explained the reason why the monarch especially loved him before his death.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, two inscriptions of Ceng Houyi were unearthed in some places in Anlu, Hubei Province, and the contents of the inscriptions were almost the same as those of the bell cast in the tomb of Zeng Houyi.
Later, Zeng Houzhong was lost, but the rubbings about the inscription have been handed down. A pair of large Zeng Ji pots with inscriptions were also found in Chu Gan Tomb of Zhujiaji, Shouxian County, Anhui Province.
Its shape is square mouth, covered with four S-shaped buttons, long neck, hanging abdomen and square circle foot. Two tiger-shaped ears are attached to the neck. The cover, neck and feet are decorated with flat stripes.
Once upon a time, two pots had the same inscription, both of which were cast on the inner wall of the spout, including the contents of the article:
Works: Wei (the only) king for 20 or 6 years, the sage's wife Zeng Ji, none, (my) home in Yangling, no (horse) in Artemisia room. I use Zong Yi to worship the pot, my heirs use it, and I am in the royal family.
The inscription relates to the history of Zeng State and the relationship between Zeng State and Chu State. The tomb of Zeng Houyi shows that in the early Warring States period, there was a vassal state named Zeng to the east of Hanshui River.
In a spring and autumn tomb in Liang Shi, a suburb of Suizhou, there are two bronze kudzu, one of which is engraved with: "Zhou Wang Sun Jiyi, Kong Zang Wu Ying Yuan Ge Yong"; Another inscription reads: "The son of Sun Muhou, the son of Xigong, once attacked Yin Jiyi." Later, there was more evidence that this Zeng country was Ji Zengguo.
At the same time, in Zaoyang, Jingshan, Xiangyang, Henan Xinye and other places, there are also bronzes engraved with the words Zeng Guo. However, although there are some historical records about Zeng in Chinese ancient books, the place is not in that area, and it is recorded that there used to be a vassal state in that area.
So there is a saying that "Zeng and Sui were one", and people have made many speculations: one view is that Zeng and Sui belong to the same country and belong to two countries.
First of all, Zeng Guo in the bronze inscriptions and Sui Guo in the literature have the same surname, both of which are Ji Guo. It's Ji's surname, which has been decided above. The same surname is also in the literature.
"Justice in the Spring and Autumn Period" and "Zuo Zhuan" quoted Shi Ben as saying: "Sui State, Ji surname." High Huai Nan Zi? Ming Lan Xun Sui Hou Zhu Zhu is also known as Sui Xing. It can be seen that Zeng and Sui are both Ji surnames, that is, the same surname.
Secondly, the ground scenery is the same, which is centered on the Sui Zao Corridor. The times are the same, from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period or the early Warring States Period. The bronze wares of Zeng State date from the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period, and some may be as early as two weeks ago.
Similar situations are not uncommon in the history of China, such as Chu, Jing, Wei, Liang, and Han and Zheng.
The third view is that Zeng Guo died with the country, and Yan Ji was named the heir. In the early days, it was destroyed by Chu, and later another one was enfeoffed by various places. According to documents, Suizhou and its surrounding areas were the land of vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period, and were the vassal States of Ji surname sealed by the Western Zhou Emperor.
According to inscriptions on bronze, Zeng Guo was also called Ji. Because in the early Spring and Autumn Period, Chu gradually became stronger. Although the vassal state is not as powerful as Chu, it is also a big country east of Hanshui River.
It often unites with some small countries nearby to resist Chu, and Chu and Sui often fight. But in 640 BC, with the joint rebellion of Han and Dong governors against Chu, Chu and Rabbit's army competed for the valley. As a result, the two countries reached peace and became vassals of Chu.
By 506 BC, the Wu people invaded Chu, and King Zhao of Chu fled to follow, and was later protected by him. Since then, the relationship between Chu and Sui has undergone great changes, from hostility to friendship, and Sui has become more powerful.
With the support of Chu, Zeng Guo was destroyed. Zeng Guo's surname was Ji, and he moved the capital to Zeng, namely Xiyang, calling himself "Zeng". Thus, Zeng Guo, who put forward the surname, became Zeng Guo, whose surname was Ji.
The fourth view is that it has been destroyed. According to historical records, there were three Zeng States in the early Zhou Dynasty, which were written in different ways, namely Zeng, Zeng and Zeng. In fact, they are just a Zeng family, a very ancient nation, and the three kingdoms of Zeng recorded in the chronicle are all his descendants. But it was later destroyed by other countries.
Sui State used to be a vassal state named Ji to the east of Hanshui River, because the fief was in the northeast of the two lakes basin, and Sui State was a relatively wide country. In Zuo Zhuan, there is a saying that "the country of eastern Han Dynasty grows with it".
Although Chu is a country with a different surname, it has made great progress since it was canonized, and Chu is also a growing country. In the historical records of our country, there are records of friendly exchanges between Chu and Sui countries. However, Chu is standing guard at will. After countless expeditions, Chu paid a particularly high price, but it still didn't get rid of Sui State, which became Chu's confidant.
Weighing all kinds of interests, the Chu school once entered the vassal state to carry out various espionage activities in order to succeed, thus turning Ji's vassal state into Zeng's vassal state. From then on, Chu and this new vassal state ended the history of war forever, and the relationship between life and death.
Later, King Zhao of Chu ran away with him and vowed to protect the State of Chu. With the help of Chu, this Zeng in the tomb of Zeng Houyi destroyed the Zeng state established with the state.
Bronze staghorn crane unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi
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