The Most Beautiful Grave in the World Lesson Plan
The Most Beautiful Grave in the World
Teaching Objectives
1. Feel the simplicity and beauty of the language of the article
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2. Improve students’ ability to summarize and analyze and evaluate the ideological content of articles
3. Understand Zweig’s admiration for the great man Tolstoy
Teaching Focus
Perfect combination of situation and theory in prose
Teaching Difficulties
1. The perfect combination of situation and reason in prose
2. Appreciate the author's richly emotional language
Teaching methods
Questioning and explaining methods
Teaching hours
2 class hours
Teaching process
The first lesson
1. Text introduction
In a forest in Russia, there is a small rectangular mound with a Full of flowers, it has no cross, no tombstone, no epitaph, and no name of the deceased. It is "away from the hustle and bustle, lying alone in the shade of the forest" and "the sparse wooden fence surrounding it is never closed." , anyone can step into his final resting place. Can you imagine what kind of great person is contained in this small, ordinary and ordinary rectangular mound? The author calls it "the most beautiful tomb in the world." (Title of blackboard writing)
2. Introduction to the author
1. Zweig (1881-1942), Austrian writer. Born in Vienna into a family of Jewish factory owners, he studied philosophy and literature in Vienna and Berlin in his youth. After 1904, he became the editor of the newspaper. In his early days, he devoted himself to poetry creation and translation. After the outbreak of the European War, he went into exile in Switzerland and engaged in anti-war and peace activities. After the war, he devoted himself to writing. He once visited the Soviet Union and met Gorky. When fascism came to power in 1933, he went into exile again, became a British citizen, and later lived in Brazil. He eventually committed suicide with his wife out of despair about the future of Europe. He wrote a variety of biographies of famous people in his life, which highlighted the mental outlook of the characters, and used superb psychological analysis techniques to achieve unique achievements in the short and medium-length novel "Wolf's Ambition". His famous works include "Twenty-Four Hours in a Woman's Life" and "Letter from a Strange Woman", which depict the emotional life and unfortunate fate of middle-class women, and "The Story of Chess" which denounces fascist persecution. His only novel is "The Restless Heart".
2. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910)
The greatest Russian writer at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and also the world’s greatest writer One of the most outstanding writers in the history of literature, his literary works occupy a first-class position in world literature. His representative works include "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace", "Resurrection" and the trilogy of autobiographical novels "Infancy", "Youth" and "Youth". Other works include "Morning of a Landlord", "Cossacks", "Sevastopol Stories", "Lucerne", etc. With his long life of hard work, he reached the peak of European critical realism literature at that time. Tolstoy was born into an ancient and prestigious noble family, but throughout his life he consistently and sincerely pursued a path closer to the people and carried out reforms in his own estate many times, but without success. Literary creation began in the 1950s. "War and Peace" is a summary of his early creation. "Anna Karenina" represents his second creative milestone. "Resurrection" is the artistic summary of his long-term ideological exploration and his most comprehensive, profound and powerful novel in criticizing the Russian landlord-bourgeois society.
"War and Peace": Centering on the issue of war, and using the lives of the four noble families of Kuragin, Bolkonsky, Rostov and Bezhukhov as clues, it shows the story of the first 15 years of the 19th century. Years of Russian history depicts the lives of various classes and raises many important questions. The central idea of ??the novel is to show that the people are the decisive force in promoting history and affirm the just nature of the Russian people's war against Napoleon's invasion in 1812.
"Anna Karenina": intertwined with two parallel development clues: Anna's pursuit of freedom of love and Levin's exploration of social solutions. Through these two plot clues, the novel not only vividly reflects Russia's The changes in society also clearly exposed the sharp contradictions in Tolstoy's worldview.
"Resurrection": In "Resurrection", Tolstoy made an extremely sharp criticism of the landlord-bourgeois society and expressed his views on the state, the church, private ownership of land and capitalism. With strong anger, he exposed the serious disasters that the autocratic system had brought to the people. Protagonist: Maslova, Nekhludoff.
3. Goethe (1749-1832), German poet and writer. Born into a wealthy citizen family, he entered the University of Leipzig at the age of 16, and later studied at the University of Strasbourg, where he received a doctorate in law and worked as a lawyer. The young Goethe was influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment, and his early works showed his rebellious spirit. The main representative works of this period include "Prometheus", the epistolary novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther", etc. In 1786, Goethe came to Italy, became interested in Greek and Roman classical art, and completed the poetic tragedy "Egmont" and so on. In 1794, he began a ten-year cooperation with Schiller. Together they created Germany's "classical period" and contributed to the unprecedented prosperity of German literature. His main representative works include the novel "The Wandering Times of William Meister", the autobiography "Poetry and Truth", "Faust", etc.
4. Shakespeare (1564-1616), a great British poet, dramatist, and the most outstanding representative of the European Renaissance. Born in Stratford, England. In 1585, he went to London to make a living, worked as a theater busboy and screenwriter, and later became a theater shareholder. Three years before his death, he returned to his hometown to spend his old age. He wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems, and 154 sonnets. He has created the greatest achievements in poetry and drama. His early representative works include historical dramas and comedies, with positive and optimistic tones, such as "Richard III", "Henry IV", "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "The Merchant of Venice", "Romeo and Juliet", etc. The middle period is the tragic period, with a gloomy and tragic style; the later period of legendary dramas such as "Hamlet", "Othello" and "King Lear" has a tendency to reconcile and forgive worldly affairs, with works such as "The Tempest" and "Henry VIII". His works extensively and profoundly reflect the social contradictions and human conditions in the process of the disintegration of the British feudal system and the rise of capitalism. The characters are vivid, the plot is vivid, the language is concise, it has high artistic achievements, and has had a huge and far-reaching influence all over the world.
3. Find a classmate to read the text aloud and gain an overall understanding of the article.
"The Most Beautiful Grave in the World" is a true description of the author's feelings at the tomb of the great writer Tolstoy when he traveled in Russia in 1928. From the lines we can see the Austrian citizen's love for the great man Tolstoy. Tai's reverence.
4. Summary
Summary of the writer’s creative situation
5. Homework
Thoughts after class:
1 ． What are the ideas and structural levels of "The Most Beautiful Tomb in the World"?
2． Why does the author call it "the most beautiful tomb in the world"?
Second Lesson
1. Analysis of key issues:
1. Why is Tolstoy’s grave the most beautiful grave in the world? What is the most beautiful thing? Please use one word to summarize it?
Tips: A. The reason why it is the most beautiful is because buried in the simple tomb is a great man of noble character, a great man who created great spiritual wealth for mankind. The ordinaryness of the tomb does not seem to match the fame of the great man, but this is exactly the author's intention. Ordinaryness contains greatness. The comparison makes people discover an unusual spiritual power, which is the basis for this article to impress readers.
B. Simplicity
2. What is the beauty of simplicity in Tolstoy’s tomb? (External beauty and inner beauty are unified)
It shows the harmonious unity between the deceased's character of being indifferent to fame and wealth and the appearance of the tomb, and then decorated with flowers to form a simple beauty.
What does Tolstoy’s tomb look like? Please find the original article.
①"This is just a rectangular mound, unguarded and unmanaged, with only a few big trees for shade."
②"It is just a small place in the woods. A small rectangular mound with flowers on it, no cross, no tombstone, no epitaph, not even the name Tolstoy."
③"Whether you pass by here in summer or winter, you will be there. No one could have imagined that this small, raised rectangle contained one of the greatest figures of our time.
”
④“Napoleon’s tomb under the marble dome of the Old Disabled Soldiers’ Retirement Home, Goethe’s tomb in the tomb of the Dukes of Weimar, Shakespeare’s sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey, none of them look like this one in the woods with only wind The son hums, even if there is no voice, the solemn and touching unmarked tomb can violently shake the deep feelings in everyone's heart. ”
Compared with the tombs of other great men, what does Tolstoy’s tomb lack and what does it possess?
“Nothing”: cross, tombstone, epitaph, name
"Only": small rectangular mounds, flowers
"No": curiosity (destroy the tranquility)
"Only": respect
3. Why is simplicity the most beautiful?
Tips: The ordinaryness of the tomb does not seem to match the fame of the great man, but this is exactly what the author intended. There is greatness in the ordinary, and the contrast makes people discover a kind of beauty. Unusual spiritual power (indifferent to fame and wealth), this is the basis of the article.
4. How does the author express this simple beauty?
Language: concise writing. , the writing is simple, the language is simple, the language is profound and touching, and the emotion is warm and strong.
Writing techniques: parallelism, comparison, foil, and line drawing
Parallelism: "It's just a forest." A small rectangular mound in the center, full of flowers, no cross, no tombstone, no epitaph, not even the name Tolstoy. "(Highlighting the simplicity of Tolstoy's tomb)
Compare: "Napoleon's tomb under the marble dome of the Old Disabled Soldiers' Retirement Home, Goethe's tomb in the tomb of the princes of Weimar, Shakespeare's sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey, It doesn't look like this solemn and deeply touching unnamed tomb in the woods, with only the wind whispering and no voice at all, which can violently shake the deep emotions in everyone's heart. "(Using the tombs of Poleon, Goethe, and Shakespeare to compare and illustrate from the negative side shows that the magnificence of these great men is not as simple as Tolstoy's tomb to shake people's deep feelings.)
Biography: (a writing technique in which the text is concise and simple, without rendering.) This article is a prose that embodies the feelings of the scenery, expressing personal emotions with the help of the description of the scenery.
For example: " In summer, the wind rustles among the trees overlooking the Tomb of the Unknown, and the warm sunshine plays on the tomb; in winter, white snow gently covers this dark land. ” (A: In the solemn atmosphere, lively scenery can add a little vitality and warm colors, making readers not only feel "serious", but also feel beautiful and moving. B: The nature around the cemetery and the luxury of other cemeteries The decoration contrasts and shows the simplicity of the tomb. C: The dynamic description of the natural scenery reflects the tranquility of the cemetery.)
2. Summary
Although this is a very ordinary place. , a very simple cemetery, but it is connected with the noble soul of the great man. It can also be said that it is the striking simplicity of the cemetery that is in sharp contrast with the greatness of the tomb owner, which moved the author even more and was so shocked. Emotions are conveyed through simple language. How many emotions and emotions are contained in the plain and simple words of "The Most Beautiful Grave in the World", which makes the form and content of the article, emotional expression and rational thinking achieve perfect unity. It has the power to shock people. The author deeply praises Tolstoy's noble character of not attaching importance to fame and pursuing simplicity and nature. The author's praise of Tolstoy also reflects the author's value judgment-the simplest and most moving. .
3. Homework
Complete the after-class exercises
Write on the blackboard
The most beautiful tomb in the world
Toshi The overall impression of the tomb is majestic and touching
The introduction of the tomb is far away from the hustle and bustle, a rectangular mound, solitary and touching
The most beautiful tomb in the world is so simple that it is compelling