The families with nearly 100 species of medicinal plants are Celastraceae (99 species), Apocynaceae (95 species) and Cucurbitaceae (92 species). There are many families in Solanaceae (84), Oleaceae (8 1), Rhamnaceae (77), Cruciferae (77), Acanthaceae (7 1), Myrsinaceae (72), Crassulaceae (68), Theaceae (66).
The number of species concentrated in medicinal families is mainly reflected in some larger genera. There are more than 50 species of medicinal resources in angiosperms, including Aconitum (103), Corydalis (86), Clematis (85), Polygonum (8 1), Artemisia (72), Berberis (70), Pedicularis (85). This genus 15 belongs to 12 family, accounting for only 3% of the total medicinal genera in each family, but it contains 30% of medicinal species.
There are nearly 50 species of medicinal plants in Euphorbia (49), Primula (48) and Ardisia (46). The 30-49 genera are Rosa (44 species), Thalictrum (44 species), Lonicera (44 species), Delphinium (43 species), Scutellaria (43 species), Viburnum (42 species), Araceae (42 species) and Actinidia (4/kloc). Alpinia officinarum (32), Callicarpa formosana (3 1), Iris tectorum (3 1), Elsholtzia serrata (3 1), Celastrus orbiculatus (3 1), Anemone (30)
There are 7 1 genera and more than 20-29 medicinal species, the most important of which are asarum, magnolia officinalis, acanthopanax senticosus, Chinese milk vetch, polygala tenuifolia, Amomum villosum, Angelica sinensis, Syringa, Allium, Paris polyphylla, Trichosanthes root, chieftain and Stephania.
China is not only rich in seed plants, but also has many endemic genera. According to statistics, there are 96 endemic genera/kloc-0 in China, including angiosperm 190 (only 6 gymnosperms), and more than 60 genera with medicinal resources, such as Changium smyrnioides. Notopterygium root Oakland. Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Broussonetia papyrifera, Talcum, Eucommia ulmoides, Fructus Aurantii, Camptotheca acuminata, Davidia involucrata, Flos Caryophylli, pholiota adiposa, Taihang Flower, etc.
Because of the wide variety of angiosperms, it is impossible to go into details. Here, only 10 family in common medicinal materials is selected as representative works for a brief description.
Compositae is the largest family of angiosperms in China, which contains 778 species of medicinal plants (including 724 species, 7 subspecies, 44 varieties and 3 forms), and the number of medicinal genera and species accounts for 68% and 33% of compositae plants in China respectively. Besides Artemisia, Saussurea, Aster and Ligularia, the main medicinal genera are Taraxacum (26), Leontopodium (19), Lepidoptera (18) and Phalaenopsis (18). Senecio scandens (17), Blumea balsamifera (16), Vernonia (16), Erigeron Erigeron (16), Inula (15) and Cirsium japonicum (/kloc-0).
There are many commercial medicinal materials in Compositae, including Atractylodes macrocephala and Atractylodes lancea. Radix Aucklandiae includes Radix Aucklandiae and Radix Aucklandiae; Artemisia can be divided into Artemisia argyi and Artemisia capillaris. Artemisia argyi includes Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia mongolica, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, and Artemisia maydis. In addition to Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia frigida, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia annua and so on. Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium japonicum are used as Cirsium japonicum, while Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium japonicum are mainly used as Cirsium japonicum. Double-sided thistle and tube thistle, etc. Commonly used medicinal materials in Compositae include chrysanthemum, safflower, Inula, Flos Farfarae, Radix Asteris, Radix Rhapontici, Scorpio, Eupatorium odoratum, Fructus Arctii and Fructus Xanthii. Dandelion and purple dragon, etc. Besides, Shi Hu. Pyrethrum, Saussurea involucrata, Herba Siegesbeckiae. Senecio scandens, Silybum marianum, Silkworm Pupa, Stevia rebaudiana, Leontopodium villosum and Bidens bipinnata can also be used as medicine.
Leguminosae is one of the four families of plants with more than dry species in China, and there are 490 species of medicinal plants (including 46 1 species, 1 subspecies, 23 varieties and 5 forms), second only to Compositae. Besides Chinese milk vetch, the larger medicinal genera in Leguminosae are Sophora japonica (24), Caragana (29), Celastrus angulatus (16), Oxytropis Oxytropis (16), Lysimachia christinae (16) and Hedysarum japonicum (15).
The important medicinal resource of undergraduate course is Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Glycyrrhiza inflata Glycyrrhiza glabra Astragalus membranaceus And astragalus mongholicus. Commonly used are Semen Astragali Complanati (Radix Astragali), Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Fructus Psoraleae, Radix Puerariae, Catechu, Caulis Spatholobi (Spatholobus Spatholobus), Albizia Albizia, Semen Cassiae, Herba Desmodii styracifolii, Lentil, Radix Hedysari and Gleditsia sinensis. There are also bauhinia, small flower rice bags and Lespedeza (closed at night). Lotus root, Oxytropis verticillata (summer in China), Huanghua tree, Shan Ye pea, alfalfa, Yunshi and Trifolium pratense are also common medicinal plants.
There are 420 species of medicinal plants of Ranunculaceae (including 329 species, 1 subspecies, 85 varieties and 5 forms), accounting for 58% of the total species. Among them, Aconitum, Clematis, Delphinium, Thalictrum and Anemone contain 72% of the medicinal species. In addition, Ranunculus is an important genus. There are 165 species of Aconitum in China, among which 103 species are medicinal, which is the largest medicinal genus among angiosperms. The common medicinal materials of this genus mainly include Aconitum (Aconitum), Aconitum kusnezoffii (Aconitum), Aconitum flavum (Aconitum guanbaifu), Artemisia rupestris (Artemisia rupestris) and Aconitum. The local and folk commonly used medicinal species mainly include iron bar hammer, iron bar hammer, kusnezoff monkshood root, pumpkin aconite root and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The common medicinal materials of clematis can be divided into two categories: one is clematis, and the main sources are clematis gossypii, clematis Polygonum and clematis; The other is Akebia manshuriensis, the main source species are Akebia manshuriensis, hydrangea and clematis obtusifolia. Clematis cylindrica, Clematis paniculata (Clematis), Clematis stamens and Clematis fulva (Clematis yunnanensis) are common in this genus. Although there are not many varieties of Coptis chinensis, it has high medicinal value. Six species of this genus can be used as medicine, and the commonly used ones are Coptis chinensis, Coptis triangularis and Lianyun, all of which are important commercial medicinal materials.
The main medicinal species of other genera of Ranunculaceae are Pulsatilla chinensis, Cimicifuga foetida, Anemone altaica (Acorus calamus), calendula (Dracaena), aquilegia, delphinium, Cimicifuga pseudobulbifera (Mung Bean Cimicifuga), chopsticks, Thalictrum, Ranunculus japonicus and Trollius chinensis.
There are 436 species of medicinal plants in Labiatae (including 355 species, 72 varieties and 9 varieties), accounting for 55% of the undergraduate plant species. Among them, Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rabdosia rubescens, Cymbidium hybridum and Ajuga are more important, and the commonly used medicinal materials mainly include Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria baicalensis, Pogostemon, Perilla frutescens and Leonurus japonicus. Other common species are Chlorella, Ajuga, Cabbage, Huoxue Dan, Malt, Basil, Periploca, Stachys, Elsholtzia Haizhou, Thyme and Oregano. Lavender and spearmint are labiatae plants introduced from China, and both of them are used as medicine.
There are 360 species of Rosaceae medicinal plants (including 30 1 species, 1 subspecies, 53 varieties and 5 forms), accounting for about 43% of the undergraduate plant species. Rosa, Rubus, Potentilla and Spiraea account for 47% of the medicinal species in the undergraduate course. The medicinal genera are Xunzi (17), pear (15), hawthorn (15), cherry (13) and apple (13).
Commonly used medicinal species are mostly woody plants, mainly including ebony, apricot, peach, plum, wrinkled papaya, loquat, Rosa laevigata, rose and hawthorn. Rubus palmatum, Sanguisorba officinalis and Dracaena draconis are commonly used in undergraduate course. The main medicinal species of other genera are Potentilla, Photinia, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Rumex, Myrica rubra, Pyracantha fortuneana, Plum, Spiraea, Anemone and Xunzi Ash.
There are 234 species of medicinal plants in Umbelliferae (including 197 species, 25 varieties, 9 varieties and 3 cultivated species), accounting for about 44% of the undergraduate plant species. The main medicinal genera are Bupleurum chinense (4 1) and Angelica sinensis (22), as well as Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum (13). The medicinal species of the above four genera account for 38% of the undergraduate medicinal species.
The medicinal materials commonly used in this course mainly include Angelica sinensis, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Rhizoma Ligustici, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Notopterygii Rhizoma, Coral (Radix Glehniae), Radix Codonopsis, Ferula Sinkiangensis, Radix Peucedani, Fructus Cnidii and Fructus Foeniculi. Bupleurum chinense is a commonly used bulk medicine. There are 36 species 17 varieties of Bupleurum chinense in China, of which 4 species/kloc-0 (including varieties) are medicinal, and Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum stenophyllum are widely used. In addition, the local medicinal plants mainly include Bupleurum yinzhou, Bupleurum pinecone (Shaanxi), Bupleurum densiflora (Xinjiang), Bupleurum jinense (Gansu and Xinjiang), Bupleurum Wenchuan, Bupleurum dahuricum (Sichuan and Tibet), Bupleurum Changbai (Northeast) and Bupleurum yunnanense (Yunnan). There are 42 species (including varieties) of Bupleurum chinense in northwest China, of which 2/kloc-0 species is reported as medicinal Bupleurum chinense.
The main medicinal plants in the undergraduate course are turnip, pilaf, fenzi celery, Emei, wild carrot (southern crane louse), sheep red mutton, Polygonum cuspidatum, duck celery, hemlock, centella asiatica and coriander (Tibetan fennel).
Medicinal plants of Polygonaceae *** 123 species (including 104 species and 18 varieties). 1 variety), accounting for about 53% of the undergraduate plant species. About 92% of the medicinal species in the undergraduate course are included in the following three genera.
Polygonum (in a broad sense), there are 120 species in China, of which 8 1 species are medicinal. The commonly used medicinal materials are Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Rhizoma bistortae, Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum), Plumbum Preparata (Polygonum), Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum cuspidatum. Folk customs include red shin powder, charcoal mother, barbecued bougainvillea, barbecued bougainvillea, barbecued bougainvillea, Polygonum hydropiper and so on.
There are about 40 species of rhubarb in China, and it is reported that there are 18 species and 2 varieties for medicinal purposes. The Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in China contains 14 species (including 1 variety). At present, the most important species in this genus is Rheum palmatum, including Rheum palmatum, Rheum officinale and Rheum tanguticum. Other medicinal species belonging to the same genus are rhubarb or rhubarb, mainly including rhubarb in North China, rhubarb in Hetao and yellow leaves. Rhubarb is a worldwide drug, which has been included in the Pharmacopoeia of nearly 20 countries. The output and quality of rhubarb in China rank first in the world. What needs special mention is that Tibetan doctors make good use of rhubarb, which is not only varied, but also very particular.
Medicinal Rumex 16 species, most of which are folk medicines, and Rumex is common. Rumex sativum (Rumex sativum) and Rumex nepalensis (Rumex ovis).
The main medicinal species of other genera in the undergraduate course are buckwheat, anoectochilus roxburghii and Polygonum hydropiper. Calligonum Calligonum and its cultivated variety Sargentodoxa, etc.
There are 1 12 species (including 88 species) of Araliaceae medicinal plants. 23 varieties, 1 variety), accounting for about 65% of the undergraduate plant species. The main medicinal genera are Acanthopanax, Aralia (20), Liriodendron (17) and Ginseng (10). Especially in acanthopanax senticosus and ginseng, there are many important commercial medicinal materials. The main medicinal species of Acanthopanax senticosus are Acanthopanax senticosus, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Acanthopanax senticosus, Acanthopanax trilobata (Acanthopanax notoginseng) and Acanthopanax giraldii. Ginseng plants are basically medicinal, the most important ones are ginseng and panax notoginseng, and the main medicinal plants of the same genus are panax japonicus, panax japonicus and panax notoginseng. American ginseng originated in North America, but it has been successfully introduced into China, and has formed a certain commodity production capacity.
Other major medicinal varieties in this course include Aralia elata, Aralia elata, Angelica sinensis, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Dipsaci, Liriodendron chinense, Stichopus japonicus, Radix Cynanchi Multiflori, Ivy, Ginseng and Ardisia japonica.
Liliaceae is the family with the largest medicinal species of monocotyledonous plants, with 358 species (including 30 1 species). 37 varieties, 20 cultivars). Among 46 medicinal genera, Fritillaria, Lilium and Polygonum include 1/3 medicinal species. In addition, there are more than 10 medicinal genera, including Allium (28), Paris, Smilax China (2 1), Asparagus (18), Ophiopogon japonicus (16) and Asparagus.
The medicinal materials commonly used in this course are Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria thunbergii, Lilium, Shandan, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum odoratum, Asparagus, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Ophiopogon japonicus, Smilax China (Smilax glabra), Veratrum nigrum, Hemerocallis fulva, Allium macrostemon (Allium macrostemon) and crow's petals (Allium macrostemon). The main medicinal species of other genera are Lily of the Valley, Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujuba, Deer Medicine, Reineckea carnea, Acorus calamus, Lysimachia christinae, Hosta Hosta, Evergreen, Asparagus and other cultivated species.
Orchidaceae is the second largest family of angiosperms in China, but there are not many medicinal species, accounting for only about 28% of the undergraduate plant species. The main medicinal genera are Dendrobium, Schizophyllum (19), Allium (14), Saussurea (15), Cymbidium (13) and Dictyophora (1kloc-0).
Dendrobium is the main medicinal material of Orchidaceae. Commonly used species are Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium candidum, Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium nobile. In addition, Gastrodia elata and Bletilla striata are commonly used medicinal materials.
Other medicinal species in the undergraduate course, such as palmetto, garlic, barnyard grass, Chinese cymbidium, Rhododendron (Shā rotto Katakuri), Eupatorium, etc. People mainly use Phalaenopsis, Pholidota chinensis, Cyperus rotundus, Phalaenopsis, Fritillaria and Daphne odora.
Among angiosperms, there are 88 families whose medicinal species are less than 10, of which 27 families only contain 1 medicinal species. Some of these families are single-child families and some are widowed families. The main medicinal plants are Eucommia ulmoides, Equisetum equisetum, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Bole, Nepenthes, Mahogany, Papaya, Davidia involucrata, Cynomorium songaricum, Allium fistulosum, Caulis Sargentodoxae, Datura stramonium, Celastrus orbiculatus, Caulis et Folium Gaultheriae Yunnanensis, etc.