Southern Dynasty poet Xie Lingyun (385? In 433), when Xiatianzhu translated Buddhist scriptures, he brought seeds from Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang to Xiatianzhu in Hangzhou to grow tea, which may be the original place of Longjing tea in Hangzhou. (Basis: When Su Dongpo knew Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, he had made textual research on the cultivation of tea by the West Lake. )
Cha Sheng Lu Yu wrote the world's first monograph on tea, Tea Classic, which recorded the tea production in Tianzhu and Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. The "Eight Fruits" in the Book of Tea records: "West Zhejiang goes up to Huzhou, down to Changzhou, ... Xuanzhou, Hangzhou, Zhou Mu, Zhangzhou, (Xuanzhou was born in Yashan, Xuancheng County, with Jizhou; Taiping County was born in harmony, and lived in harmony, just like Huangzhou. Hangzhou, Lin 'an and Yuqian counties are born with Zhou Shu in Tianmu Mountain. Qiantang gives birth to Tianzhu, Lingyin Temple; Zhou Mu was born in the valley of Tonglu County; Wuyuan Valley, Zhangzhou; Tonghengzhou. )"。 Translated into modern Chinese, that is, the tea produced in western Zhejiang is the best in Huzhou, the quality in Changzhou is poor, and the tea produced in Xuanzhou, Hangzhou, Zhou Mu and Zhangzhou is inferior. The tea produced by Mu Shang and Mu Lin in Taiping County is similar to that produced in Huangzhou. Tea produced in Tianmu Mountain in Lin 'an County and Yuqian County of Hangzhou is similar to that produced by Zhoushu. Tea produced in Tianzhu Temple, Lingyin Temple in Qiantang County, Tonglu Valley in Zhou Mu County and Wuyuan Valley in Zhou She is similar to that in Hengzhou. )
In short: tea was recorded in Lingyin and Tianzhu in Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. Of course, it was not called "Longjing Tea" at that time, because the name "Longjing Tea" was only available in the Song Dynasty. In addition, the tea produced in this area can only be said to be average in Lu Yu's eyes, probably because tea was dried into powder in the Tang Dynasty and then cooked. Longjing, as a kind of green tea, cannot give full play to its advantages in this way.
Lingyin Temple and Tianzhu Temple are located in the south and north foothills of the famous Feilai Peak in the West Lake. The natural conditions here are unique, the temperature is moderate and the rainfall is sufficient, which is very suitable for the growth of tea trees. It can be said that "the mountain does not seek rain, and the cloud does not seek water." Monks in two temples cut down mountains and planted tea beside the temples. The tea was made by themselves and also used to entertain pilgrims. According to Su Shi, mayor of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, the tea tree planted in Tianzhu Temple was brought from Tiantai Mountain by Xie Lingyun, a famous poet and Buddhist in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when he translated Buddhist scriptures in Tianzhu Temple.
In the second year of Ganyou (949), local residents of Luohuiwu in the northwest of Longjing Village raised funds to build a courtyard here to visit the country. This is the predecessor of Longjing Temple. It was renamed Shoushengyuan in Xining (1068- 1077). During the Yuanfeng period, eminent monks and eloquent masters retired to this temple to repair houses and revitalize the temple. In the thirty-first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 16 1), Shaoxing was renamed Guangfuyuan. In the sixth year of Chunyou (1264), it was renamed Longjing Temple, later Yanqing Academy and later Guangfuyuan. It was not until the third year of Ming Dynasty (1438) that it moved to the well side of Xialongjing. Now the temple has been abandoned and used as a teahouse.
Hu Ze (A.D. 963- 1039), the word Zi Zheng. Yongkang people in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Song Dynasty (AD 989), he was the first scholar to win the title of Jinshi in Wuzhou history. He has been an official for forty years. 1026 and 1033 served as Hangzhou satrap twice. He has made great contributions to Zhejiang, such as 1026 harnessing tidal water in Qiantang River and 1033 exempting Wu Qu and Wuzhou from poll tax.
1034 After Hu Ze retired, he lived in Shousheng Hospital (later Longjing Temple) near the old Longjing. He brought tea seeds from Lingyin Tianzhu across the mountain and planted them successfully, which officially opened the history of tea planting in Longjing Village. Hu Ze lived here in his later years until his death in 1039.
A master of eloquence of a monk in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 10 13~ 1093) was born in Qian (now Lin 'an, Hangzhou). He was ordained by Master Ciyun and the Wise Master successively, and once went to Tianzhu Temple as the abbot. He is well-behaved and proficient in Buddhism and medical skills. He is a famous monk and is called "Yuan Gong" by the world.
A young master of eloquence became a monk. /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he went to Shangtianzhu Temple (built by Qian Liu in the Five Dynasties, first named Tianzhu Kanjing Academy, and later named Faxi Temple after Qianlong) and worshipped Master Ciyun as his teacher. His accomplishments are getting better and better, and he is famous in wuyue. At the age of 25, Song Renzong gave Zicassock a special gift and added a French number to her eloquence. In the last year of Jiayou (1063), Shen Li, the magistrate of Hangzhou, invited the master of eloquence to the abbot of the mountain, and the court allowed him to rename the temple "Inspiration Kannonji", and the master of eloquence became the third generation master. Dissatisfied with Wang Anshi's political reform, 107 1 year, Su Shi was released at his own request, and his first stop was in Hangzhou as a general judge. 1072, Su Shi visited Kannonji and wrote "Traveling in the Rain Inspired by Tianzhu Kannonji":
Silkworms want to be old, wheat is half yellow, and the water waves in front of the mountain are not prosperous!
The farmer dropped out of school and abandoned the basket, and the white fairy was in the hall.
Seeing that the local people were seriously harmed by floods, droughts and locusts, and that the high-ranking rulers were supported by the people like statues of clay sculptures and wood carvings, they were indifferent to the floods that caused men to waste their farming and women to waste their weaving during the summer harvest, and felt that they had created this poem.
In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1079), Master Cai Bian lived in seclusion from Shangtianzhu to the Shoushengyuan in Longjing Village, and was soon renovated with everyone's help. Shousheng Hospital, now Old Longjing, was built in the second year of Ganyou in the later Han Dynasty (949). Imperial academy, originally serving the country, was renamed Xining Shoushengyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty and Longjing Temple in the Ming Dynasty. After that, the debater planted tea at the foot of Shifeng Mountain, tasted tea and recited scriptures, studied literature with tea and lived in seclusion. It should be said that the eloquence master popularized the cultivation of tea in Longjing Village, hence the name Longjing Tea.
The master of eloquence is highly respected and famous. After he retired to Longjing, celebrities from all walks of life came to visit, including Master Shouyi, Zhao Bian (1008 ~ 1084) and Su Shi (1037 ~11065438) from Jingci Temple.
In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), on April 9th, a monk named Guan Shouyi from Nanshan, Hangzhou, went to Fiona Fang Temple, the eloquence residence of Longjing Shousheng Hospital, and they talked about Confucian classics and Taoism, which was very speculative. To this end, Shouyi wrote the article "Fiona Fang Temple in Longjing Mountain" as a memorial. This tablet was written by Mi Fei, a famous calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. The original stone carving was made in the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1083).
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Zhao bian (1008? 1084), went to Longjing Shousheng Hospital to visit Master Cai Bian. Cai Bian specially accompanied him in Longhu Pavilion (Longjing Pavilion) to have tea and talk about the past and the present. At that time, Zhao was grateful for this and was happy to write a poem as a record: in the depths of lakes and mountains, Brahma's family returned to the temple for half a year. Cherish the teacher's kindness and order dragon tea at the Dragon Pavilion.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Emperor Song Shenzong appointed Yang Jie, assistant minister of rites, to accompany the Crown Prince in charge of Buddhism in North Korea to visit the Longjing Shousheng Hospital in Hangzhou to discuss the classics with him. Afterwards, Yang Jie also wrote a poem "Moon Hee", saying: "In the autumn of Yuanfeng's eighth year, I was ordered to accompany Prince Han to visit wuyue in a unified way, taste the teacher in the mountains, spend the wind at will, see Longjing, cross the secluded bridge, learn from the heart, watch the lion peak, watch the Sashi, rise the tide hall, rest the cave and rush the spring." Talk calmly and never return for a long time. "
In the fourth year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1089), Su Dongpo came to Hangzhou for the second time and was then the magistrate of Hangzhou. He often visited the master scholar of Longjing Shousheng Institute, and Su Dongpo also wrote "Old Longjing" and other plaques in calligraphy.
In the eighth year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1093), Cai Bian died in Longjing Shousheng Hospital. His disciples built a tomb tower for him on the hillside next to Shousheng Hospital for future generations to visit. The essayist and official of the Northern Song Dynasty worshipped Su Zhe, the younger brother of Su Dongpo, the right prime minister of Shangshu, and personally set up an epitaph. Su Dongpo, then the magistrate of Yangzhou, personally wrote a eulogy.
Being in Shousheng Hospital with Zhao and Su Dongpo, there is a touching story of making friends with tea, which is told for later generations. To this end, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Three Sages Temple" was added in Shousheng Hospital to worship the statues of three people, Zhao and Su Dongpo, which were collectively called "Three Sages of Longjing" for people to pay their respects.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou became the national capital, and tea production further developed. At that time, "Xianglin Tea" in Tianzhu Xianglin Cave, "Baiyun Tea" in Tianzhu Bai Yunfeng and "Baoyun Tea" in Baoyun Mountain in Geling were all tributes. According to the Records of Lin 'an, Chun Hu in the Southern Song Dynasty, "After going to Tianzhu Mountain, the highest place is called Bai Yunfeng, and tea comes out of the mountain, so it is called' Baiyun Tea'." I still remember: "Under Tianzhu Rock, the cave is deep and named Xianglin Cave. The Book of Pictures in the Song Dynasty records: "There are only tributes produced by Baoyun, Xianglin and Baiyun in Hangzhou, and nothing else. "
It can be seen that Longjing tea was still a kind of "niche tea" in the Song Dynasty, which was mainly circulated among scholars around the West Lake at that time due to the restrictions of traffic, region and output.
Tea produced near Longjing began to appear. A tea lover, Yu Bosheng, initiated a poem "Youlong Well" to drink tea. The poem said: "Wandering around Longjing, the clouds will be clear and painted. Be a man and love guests, and fill the sinus with water. Sitting in my room, the fragrance won't give off. But when you see the gourd ladle in the clear water, the shadow of jade falls in the blue cave. I cooked golden buds, but I didn't take Grain Rain, but I brought two or three sons, and I couldn't bear to wash them three times. " It can be seen that at that time, the Zen master took a fancy to the quiet scenery around Longjing, and there were good springs and good tea, so he came to drink tea together to enjoy the scenery.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Longjing tea was loved by more people. One of the "Four Masters of Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty" and "Four Masters of Poetry in Yuan Dynasty" (A.D. 1272-1348) visited Longjing with his friend Deng, and tasted Xinlongjing tea boiled with Longjing spring water before the rain, leaving a famous tea-drinking poem "The Second Deng Youlong Well":
Wandering in Longjing, the clouds are light and the wind is clear, and the painters are fine.
Be a man and love guests, and fill the sinus with water.
Sitting in my room, the fragrance won't give off.
But when you see the gourd ladle in the clear water, the shadow of jade falls in the blue cave.
Boil golden buds, no Grain Rain.
With two or three sons, San Yan can't bear to wash.
Longjing tea began to emerge, its reputation gradually spread far and wide, and it began to go out of the temple and be drunk by ordinary people. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang Bianzhi recorded: "The tea in Hangjun County is always inferior to that produced by Longjing, and the fine buds before the rain are especially precious and not productive, so it should be treasured." In the Annals of Hangzhou in the Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty, there is a saying that "Old Longjing, the famous tea in its place, is the crown of the two mountains". Wanli's "Qiantang County Records" also records that "tea Longjing, as bean curd, is sweet and different from other mountains." Longjing Tea has been listed as a famous tea in China at this time. Longjing Tea is included in the Records of Famous Tea written by Huang Yizheng in Ming Dynasty and National Famous Tea compiled by Xu Wenchang, a talented scholar in the south of the Yangtze River.
If Longjing tea was a famous tea in Ming Dynasty, it was one of the best in Qing Dynasty. Yi Hao, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, made a wanton experiment: "The tea name is Zhejiang Longjing, Jiangnan mustard and Fujian Wuyiyun."
Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan six times and came to Longjing Tea District four times to watch tea picking, tea tasting and poetry writing. The eighteen tea trees in front of Gong Hu Temple are also called "Imperial Tea". Since then, Longjing tea has been well-known at home and abroad, and tea seekers are in an endless stream. Xu Ke, a close friend, said: "The green tea produced in various provinces is rarely dark blue, but Longjing in Hangzhou is dark blue. The rest of the tea leaves are curly and round, but Hangzhi Longjing is straight. "
During the Republic of China, the famous Longjing tea became the first famous tea in China. 19 15 Panama World Expo listed Biluochun, Xinyang Maojian, West Lake Longjing, Junshan Yinzhen, Huangshan Mao Feng, Wuyi Rock Tea, Qimen Black Tea, Duyun Maojian, Luan Guapian and Anxi Tieguanyin as the top ten famous teas in China, and West Lake Longjing was among them.
After the founding of New China, the state actively supported the development of Longjing tea, which was listed as a national diplomatic gift tea. Under the care of the government, people in tea areas changed the old wooden pots into electric pots, cultivated new fine varieties of Longjing tea, popularized advanced cultivation and harvesting techniques, and formulated grading quality standards for Longjing tea, which made Longjing tea production embark on a scientific and standardized development path.