The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis, which is the essence of ancient court architecture in China. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about10.5 million square meters. There are more than 70 palaces and 9000 houses. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world.
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city.
The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies. The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live.
Extended data
The Functional Value of the Forbidden City
1, natural history
The establishment of the Palace Museum has two meanings: one is another victory of the democratic revolution and a fatal blow to the restoration forces; Second, the great achievements in China's cultural and artistic history. In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the Palace Museum held an opening ceremony on June 10. Museums are institutions that collect, study, display and preserve physical objects for cultural and educational purposes. It will become a symbol of the monarchy's legal system and a precious cultural relic for the emperor to enjoy, and become the wealth of the whole nation.
When the Palace Museum was established, the Constitution of the Provisional Council of the Palace Museum was formulated. In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the National Government promulgated the Organic Law of the Palace Museum, which was the first law on museums in the history of China, and later promulgated the Regulations of the Council of the National Palace Museum of the Republic of China. These two documents are of great significance in the history of the development of the Palace Museum, marking the maturity of the museum from the grassroots level and the beginning of the museum cause in China.
2. Heritage value
1987, the Forbidden City in Beijing was listed as a world cultural heritage. The World Heritage Organization's evaluation of the Forbidden City is: "The Forbidden City is the highest power center in China for more than five centuries. It has become a valuable historical witness of China civilization in the Ming and Qing Dynasties with its garden landscape and a huge complex of 9,000 rooms containing furniture and handicrafts. " ?
The Forbidden City has become a world cultural heritage, which has deepened people's understanding of the value of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City represents a culture that has become history, and it has the shell of palace culture. At the same time, it represented the mainstream culture at that time. After a long period of historical screening and accumulation, of course, it can not be simply summarized as "feudal backwardness." The Forbidden City and the museum are not unrelated and antagonistic, but organically unified and complementary.
Taken together, it can be seen that the Palace Museum is one of the few museums and cultural heritage in the world with the characteristics of art museum, architecture museum, history museum and palace culture museum, which conforms to the internationally recognized basic principles of "original site protection" and "original appearance display". The basic spirit of world cultural heritage is cultural diversity. From the perspective of world cultural heritage, people strive to explore and understand the outstanding and universal value of the Forbidden City.
3. Academic value
The study of ancient palaces was put forward by the Palace Museum in 2003. It is a science that takes the Forbidden City in Beijing and its rich collections as the research object. The study of ancient palace studies mainly includes six aspects: the palace complex, cultural relics collection, palace historical relics, archives of Ming and Qing Dynasties, classics of Qing Dynasty and the history of the Palace Museum, which has rich and profound disciplinary connotations. The Forbidden City culture is a royal culture with the emperor, imperial power and imperial palace as its core. The proposal and establishment of ancient palace science will make its research enter the conscious stage and improve the level of ancient palace science as a whole.
Looking at the Forbidden City from the perspective of ancient palace science, we not only realize the important value of the ancient buildings and palace cultural relics of the Forbidden City, but also see the historical remains of the palace. More importantly, ancient buildings, cultural relics, historical sites and people and things that happened here are an inseparable cultural whole. This understanding is an important basis for the emergence of ancient palace studies, and it is also conducive to further excavating the historical and cultural connotation of the Forbidden City.
This integrity of the Forbidden City culture also makes the cultural relics and archives of the old Qing Palace scattered outside the courtyard, overseas and abroad have an academic home. Based on this, the exchange and cooperation between the Palace Museum on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in academic research is inevitable, and the artificial barrier can only be temporary. In fact, this kind of communication is constantly developing.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing Forbidden City