1. Zen meaning in landscape and pastoral poetry
Wang Wei’s landscape and pastoral poetry is full of Zen meaning: (The poet’s name is “Wei” and his courtesy name is “Mojie”. Later generations called him “Poetry Buddha”. ") 1. "Dwelling in the Mountains in the Dark Autumn" (a very famous song, included in the book "Self-taught College Chinese (Undergraduate Section)") After the new rain in the empty mountains, the weather comes late in autumn.
The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows upstream from the rocks. The bamboo noise returns to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat.
Let the spring fragrance rest at will, and the kings and grandsons can stay. Explanation: It is really poetic or painterly. More than a dozen kinds of scenery, touch, smell, sight, and hearing are all gathered on a canvas, making you look outside the painting and God floating in the painting.
Here, there is a gentle evening breeze blowing on your face, a trace of autumn rain on your clothes, a bright full moon shining on the ground, heavy green pines facing the wind, and clear mountain springs and flowing stones; here are also the swaying shadows of green bamboos and lotus leaves. Next to the pool water, blossoming lotus flowers smile in the autumn wind, and curling women are swimming in the boat. Look at this painting, there are not only mountains and water, but also people - Huan Nu; there are things - autumn rain, empty mountains, evening air, bright moon, green pines, clear springs, rocks, green bamboos, lotus leaves, lotus flowers, fishing boats; Light - moonlight, water light; shadow - tree shadow, bamboo shadow, human figure; sound - wind, rain, water, bamboo, pounding clothes, pulp, laughter...; color - green Bamboo, green leaves, white flowers, golden light...; flavorful - floral fragrance, bamboo charm; sentimental - a quiet moonlit night, full of vitality and a peaceful and natural feeling.
Such wonderful mountains and waters, such charming poetry and painting, will not only suffocate you to death, but also make you drunk. Indeed, in the fresh, quiet and vibrant landscape, one can feel the endless joy of life of all things, and the spirit is elevated to a state of emptiness and unobstructedness.
This kind of emptiness and tranquil beauty is the crystallization of Wang Wei's pastoral poetry art. Wang Wei tried his best to describe the various objects in "Mountain Dwelling in the Twilight": freshness, tranquility, vitality, and pure beauty.
This kind of natural beauty and the beauty of the state of mind are completely integrated, creating a pure and beautiful poetic state that is as unstoppable as the water, moon and mirror flowers. Rich in meaning and thought-provoking.
2. In "Zhongnan Farewell", he was quite good at Taoism in his middle age, and he came home to Nanshan in his later years. Every time I go alone when I am happy, I know my victory in vain.
Walk to a water-poor place and sit down to watch the clouds rise. Occasionally, I visited Lin Sou, chatting and laughing for a long time.
Explanation: He devoted himself to Buddhism in his middle age and lived in seclusion in Zhongnan Mountain in his later years. When you feel like it, you can walk alone at will, and you will know your own success. It is rare to have people who are in tune with you and know how to appreciate it.
"Walking to the bottom of the water" is unrestrained and extremely leisurely, so comfortable and joyful. "Sit and watch the clouds rise", exhausting the waterway, it seems that the scenery is all at once, but when you sit down, the clouds and mist are floating, and the end of the waterscape brings out the beautiful scenery of clouds and mist.
"The water is poor" and the "clouds are rising" seems to be a coincidence, but it is not a coincidence. This taste is so rich, this artistic conception is so profound, and this Zen mechanism is so mysterious! ——It seems that the poet wants us to know that those who deal with things indifferently can find beautiful scenery everywhere. From the ever-changing world to the infinite places to study, let us understand that the end means the beginning, the end is the beginning, and the beginning is the end.
Where the water ends, it is naturally a deserted and deserted place in the mountains. People come here unintentionally, clouds come out of Xiu without intention, thoughts and surroundings go hand in hand, and spirit meets things. Unintentionally, accidentally, the intuitive impression of sitting and watching without thought, the unintentional, indifferent, natural and leisurely "cloud" is an image portrayal of the poet's mentality.
nature. The "talking and laughing" with "Lin Sou" at the end of the poem further deepens the realm of the poem.
The poet's indifferent and leisurely attitude, casualness and ease, allowing things to happen naturally and never feeling uncomfortable are vividly expressed in the poem. The description of scenery is not limited to the scenery, and the narrative is not limited to the events. One "walking" and one "arrival", one "sitting" and one "looking" are extremely free and easy; one "going" is one "knowing", one "valuation" is one " "Talk", showing the randomness.
The objects are exquisite and the descriptions are vivid. In the description of pastoral landscapes, we can see the integration of hermit life and Zen philosophy. 3. "Lu Chai" No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but the sound of people's voices can be heard.
Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the moss again. Explanation: Buddhists often say that form is emptiness, and emptiness is form.
Color refers to matter that has an image and occupies space in the world. Empty means false and unreal.
From our point of view, form and emptiness are no less than the opposite relationship between existence and non-being.
This poem by Wang Wei will naturally make you feel the profound meaning of this kind of Zen.
"Empty Mountain" expresses the loneliness and emptiness of the deep mountains, giving people the feeling of a gray forest and sea of ??trees. It is dense and deep, with no human beings in sight, and even the birds and animals in the mountains have disappeared. All these in the picture are intended to render a sense of silence in the mountains and forests, hence the saying "no people are seen" later.
The following "But Wen" further confirms this point. However, the phrase "human voice" denies the "empty mountain" in front of it. Well, there are still traces of people in the deep mountains and old forests. It seems that this mountain is not empty anymore.
This "human voice" broke the silence of the "empty mountain". The seemingly contradictory statement exactly shows Wang Wei's perception of sitting alone. It is precisely this "but hearing the sound of someone's voice" but not seeing the person speaking, which makes it even more silent.
Just imagine, in this vast forest, it is not completely silent, how can you hear a human voice? This is silence, a kind of calmness, a tranquility without distracting thoughts. In a peaceful state of mind, the slightest sound is like thunder. Isn’t this Wang Wei’s Zen enlightenment? "Returning to the scene" means that although the light after sunset is weak, it still radiates to the vast mountains. Therefore, the light passes through the gaps between the leafy branches and "re-shines" on the moss in the mountain forest.
Although this kind of backlight is weak, just specks on the moss, but because of the specks of light, the deep forest appears deeper and darker, and the deeper and darker mountain forest contrasts with this sunlight. weak. This deep and empty realm created by Wang Wei is exactly a kind of psychological experience during his Zen practice, and it is a kind of enlightenment as mentioned in Zen Buddhism.
People are talking on the empty mountain, and the sun is shining on the forest moss. The subtlety of this scene cannot be understood by those who lack a peaceful and pure state of mind. Please see the following URL for the original text. 2. Poems related to landscapes (complete)
1. Spring
Author Zhu Xi, Dynasty and Song Dynasty
The sun is shining brightly along the Si River, and the boundless scenery is new for a while.
It is easy to recognize the east wind, and it is always spring with its colorful colors.
Vernacular translation:
It’s a beautiful spring outing on the shores of Surabaya, and the boundless scenery takes on a new look.
Everyone can see the face of spring. The spring breeze blows flowers into bloom and becomes a riot of purple and red. Spring scenery is everywhere.
2. Spring trip to Qiantang Lake
Author Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty
North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low.
In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud.
The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves.
My favorite part of the lake is the east side of the lake, where there is a white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars.
Vernacular translation:
Walking around the north of Gushan Temple and west of Jiagong Pavilion, the lake water has just risen and is level with the shore, and the white clouds are hanging very low.
Several early yellow warblers are vying to perch in the sunny trees, and the newly arrived swallows are busy building nests and carrying mud.
The wildflowers are dazzling when they bloom, and the spring grass has not grown tall enough to just cover the horses' hooves.
My favorite scenery in the east of the lake is unforgettable, with rows of willows passing through a white sand embankment.
3. Jiang Xue
Author Liu Zongyuan, Tang Dynasty
Birds in thousands of mountains have disappeared, and all traces of people have disappeared.
A man in a boat with a coir raincoat fishing alone in the snow in the cold river.
Vernacular translation:
There are no traces of birds in thousands of mountains and ridges; there are no traces of pedestrians on thousands of roads.
On a lonely boat, a fisherman wearing a raincoat and a bamboo hat was fishing alone in the wind and snow.
4. Visiting Shanxi Village
Author Lu You, Song Dynasty
Mo Xiao’s farmhouse is full of wax and wine, and in good years the guests are full of chickens and dolphins.
There is no way out in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers.
The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient.
From now on, if you can take advantage of the moonlight leisurely, you can knock on the door all the time and night with your stick.
Vernacular translation:
Don’t laugh at the turbid wine brewed by farmers in the twelfth lunar month. In the year of harvest, the dishes for entertaining guests are very rich.
The mountains are overlapping and the water is twisting. I am worried that there is no way to go. Suddenly, another mountain village appears in front of me.
The day of playing the flute and playing the drum in Chunshe is approaching, but the villagers still retain the ancient custom of simple clothes.
If I can still take advantage of the beautiful moonlight to go out for a leisurely trip in the future, I will knock on your door at any time with a cane.
5. Wanglu Mountain Waterfall
Author Li Bai, Tang Dynasty
The incense burner in Rizhao produces purple smoke, and you can see the waterfall hanging in front of the river in the distance.
The flying stream falls three thousand feet, and it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky.
Vernacular translation:
Purple haze rises from Xianglu Peak under the sunlight. From a distance, you can see the waterfall hanging like white silk in front of the mountain.
The plummeting waterfall on the high cliff seems to be thousands of feet long, making people feel as if the Milky Way is falling from the sky to the earth. 3. Poems related to landscapes (complete)
When Wang Wei lived in seclusion in Wangchuan, he created a number of exquisite landscape poems.
He compiled the "Wangchuan Collection" by himself, which contains twenty five-character quatrains each of which he and his friend Pei Di sang in harmony with each other. The content mainly describes the scenery near Wangchuan Villa and expresses the life of seclusion. Interesting. Let's first look at "Xinyiwu" among them: hibiscus flowers at the end of the wood, red calyxes in the mountains.
There is no one in the stream, opening and closing one after another. In the silent mountain stream, the Xinyi flowers bloom and fall by themselves, growing and dying by themselves. They are not fake, have nothing to do with the world, and no one knows about them.
This is a world far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, and it is also the unique artistic conception of the poet Wang Wei that integrates subjectivity and objectivity. It is simply a symbolic realm of the Buddhist concept of emptiness and annihilation. Therefore, Hu Yinglin, a literary critic in the Ming Dynasty, said that this poem is a work that "enters Zen". "When I read it, I forget my life experience and all my thoughts are silent."
(Volume 6 of "Shisou") Wang Wei The artistic conception created here is born outside the image. It is a combination of poetry and Zen. It has great suggestiveness and strong artistic appeal. This kind of artistic achievement can only be attributed to his study of Buddhism and the influence of Buddhist thinking.
Wang Wei was called the "Poetry Buddha" by later generations. He believed in Buddhism at an early age.
My mother, Mrs. Cui, has been practicing Zen for more than thirty years. Wang Wei and his younger brother Wang Jin "both worshiped the Buddha and lived on a vegetarian diet, which is not as good as meat and blood" ("Old Book of Tang·Biography of Wang Wei").
When Wang Wei was 31 years old, his wife died and he no longer married. He lived alone in a room, isolated from the world, and "had no descendants" ("Referring to Brother Biao"). He also wrote many poems and essays about Buddhism and had high attainments in Buddhism.
Among the Buddhist schools of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei believed in Zen, and mainly believed in Southern Zen. Nanzong Zen is the product of the combination of Buddhist thought and China's native Confucianism and Taoism. Its philosophy of life of letting one's fate prevail provides the latest and most complete way of life for Chinese scholar-bureaucrats and intellectuals.
Some of the practice methods of Southern Zen are similar to poetry creation with Chinese characteristics. Yan Yu, a literary critic in the Song Dynasty, said: "In general, the path of Zen only lies in wonderful enlightenment, and the path of poetry also lies in wonderful enlightenment" ("Canglang Poetry Talk").
Wonderful enlightenment is the insight into Zen, which can also be expressed as the sensitivity to art. Both poetry and Zen require keen inner experience, both emphasize revelation and metaphor, and both pursue implication.
Nanzong Zen talks about "sudden enlightenment" and often uses visual expressions to teach the Dharma, with particular emphasis on the role of intuition, suggestion, induction, and association in understanding. Wang Wei has gained experience in Zen practice, so he naturally has a deep understanding of this method of grasping the world.
He integrated his understanding of Buddhism into his outlook on life, turned religious emotions into poetic thoughts, and created a poetic artistic conception of "emptiness", "silence" and "idleness". Zen Buddhism advocates the style of scenic mountains and forests, and it also guided and inspired Wang Wei to consciously get close to mountains and rivers and explore their aesthetic value.
Wang Wei described his inner experience in the poem "Zhuli Pavilion": Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, playing the piano and whistling loudly. People deep in the forest don't know that the bright moon comes to shine.
The poet sat alone in the deep bamboo forest, playing the piano and screaming. No one knew his existence, only the bright moon came to accompany him. Nature understands his inner loneliness best, and the clear brilliance of the bright moon brings him a kind of quiet happiness.
Things and I are one and things and I are forgotten, Zen and poetry are in harmony. The same is true in "Deer Chai": No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but people's voices can be heard.
Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the moss again. There is no one in the empty mountain, only intermittent human voices can be heard floating in the deep forest, and a ray of sunset shines on the moss deep in the dense forest, making it so trance-like and desolate.
This is exactly the kind of empty and lonely realm far away from the hustle and bustle that Wang Wei pursues. Although it is lonely, it is also enriching. Wang Yuyang of the Qing Dynasty said that "every word of Wang Wei's small poems is Zen" and "the wonderful truth is spoken in a subtle way, which is no different from the World Honored One holding a flower or Kasyapa smiling" ("Silkworm Continuation").
In other words, Wang Wei's landscape poems have Zen interest, Zen joy, and Zen flavor. They are full of words and endless meaning, conveying the meaning of Zen. Naturally, it fully expresses the poet's unique taste for the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
Wang Wei does not necessarily only go to deserted places to seek Zen. He also looks at the vast world and the lively farm life: the clear fields and open fields, as far as the eye can see are unsullied. . Guomen faces the ferry, and the village trees connect to the mouth of the stream.
Beyond the white water fields, behind the green peaks coming out of the mountains. There is no idle person in the farming month, and the whole family is busy in the south.
——"New Sunny Ambition" A spring rain washes away the dirt and makes the scene completely new. Farming is busy, and people and scenery are bathed in the fresh air.
The two sentences "White Water" combine the close-up and distant views into a hierarchical picture. The water is bright, the peaks are green, and the contrast between light and color is very harmonious. On the surface, we cannot see the Zen meaning of this poem.
In fact, the spring rain is more like the holy water pouring from the Buddhist purification bottle, washing everything until it is clear and ethereal. It's just that Wanwu combines the Zen realm and the poetic realm so wonderfully that he doesn't let Zen principles overwhelm the poetic taste.
Of course, what we pay attention to is the kind of praise of farm life, and what we appreciate is the aura of the beauty of the landscape, without having to diligently seek its Zen philosophy. Wang Wei is a versatile cultural giant who is good at poetry, music, painting, and calligraphy.
Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, said: "When you taste the poems of Mojie (Wang Wei), there are paintings in the poems; when you look at the paintings of Mojie, there are poems in the paintings." ("Shu Mojie Pictures of Misty Rain in Lantian") His words are insightful and to the point.
Wang Wei was an accomplished landscape painter in the Tang Dynasty. He used Xiaoshu and light ink brushwork to paint, created ink landscape painting, and became his own brand. He is called the founder of the Southern School of landscape painting by later generations.
His paintings emphasize freehand brushwork, pursue spiritual resemblance, and express subjective emotions. Therefore, "there are many paintings regardless of the four seasons. For example, when painting flowers, peach, apricot, hibiscus, and lotus flowers are often used to paint the same scene." Seeking for it." (Zhang Yanyuan quoted in Shen Kuo's "Meng Xi Bi Dan") Therefore, Wang Wei is also known as the ancestor of Chinese literati's freehand painting.
If paintings can achieve spiritual resemblance, they will also have the charm and interest of poetry, that is, there is poetry in the paintings. If you use this kind of painting idea to gaze at the natural landscape, chant it, and create a scene into a poem, you will inevitably have the charm of painting in the poem.
Wang Wei’s profound artistic qualities in painting, music, and calligraphy enabled him to feel and capture the wonderful scenery and beauty of nature more accurately and meticulously than ordinary poets when creating poetry. The magical sounds and ever-changing nature are brought to life through writing. He is also better at using words and colors, and pays attention to the harmony of the tone of poetry.
There is the artistic conception of painting in the poem, the flow of music in the poem, and the changes in calligraphy in the poem. In this way, his unique poetic artistic style of "paintings in poems" and "hundreds of warblers and palace merchants playing in succession" was formed.
When appreciating his landscape poems, we should firmly grasp this feature. Wang Wei is good at describing the majesty and splendor in general. 4. Poems describing Zen
Bodhi has no tree, and the mirror is not a stand. There is nothing in the first place, so where can it cause dust?
From "The Sixth Patriarch's Altar Sutra".
Bodhi has no tree: Bodhi is the path to enlightenment, not a real tree. If there is a tree, then Bodhi becomes an object and becomes attached to. Bodhi originally has nothing. If we say it is enlightened, it is actually formless and formless.
A bright mirror is not a platform: Although the mind is said to be like a bright mirror, in fact there is no platform at all. If there is a platform, there will be attachment. The so-called "should have no place to live, but to have its own mind", how can it be true? There needs to be a platform.
Originally there was nothing: There was nothing originally, that is, there was no shape, no picture, or a form, so there was nothing at all.
Where to stir up dust: Since there is nothing, dust cannot arise. It means that there is no abiding.
Annotation: This verse mainly comes from "should have no abiding, and the mind should be born". To be without all attachments, that is what the Buddha meant: 'Everything should be All living beings have the wisdom and virtue of the Tathagata, but they cannot achieve it through delusional thinking and attachment. This place teaches people not to have attachments.
This gatha is very consistent with the Zen concept of enlightenment. It is a transcendent attitude. The main meaning is that the world is inherently empty, and everything in the world is nothing but an empty word. If the heart is inherently empty, there is no need to resist external temptations, and everything will pass by the heart without leaving any trace. This is a very high state of Zen Buddhism. People who understand this state are called enlightened. 5. Poems and appreciation of landscapes
Ancient poems describing landscapes (organized)
The motherland has so many beautiful mountains and rivers, and the literati and poets throughout the history have left us endless appreciation. Here are a few poems and quatrains for you. Interested students can search for more by themselves. Please choose the poem you like, read it several times, experience the poet's feelings, and see who remembers it the most.
Zhuli Pavilion
Wang Wei
Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, playing the piano and whistling loudly.
People in the deep forest don’t know that the bright moon comes to shine.
The poet sat alone in the deep bamboo forest, playing the piano and screaming. No one knew his existence, only the bright moon came to accompany him. Nature understands his inner loneliness best, and the clear brilliance of the bright moon brings him a kind of quiet happiness. The thing and I are one and the thing and I are forgotten, Zen and poetry are in perfect harmony.
Luchai
Wang Wei
No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but people can hear their voices.
Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the moss again.
Wang Wei is also good at capturing the moving moments where sounds, colors, images and feelings are intertwined, unifying them into the artistic conception that best conveys the emotion
and using appropriate language to express them. come out.
Birdsong Stream
Wang Wei
The sweet-scented osmanthus falls when people are idle, the night is quiet and the spring sky is empty.
When the moon comes out, birds startle the mountains, and they sing in the spring stream.
In the mountains
Wang Wei
White rocks emerge from Jingxi River, and the weather is cold with few red leaves.
There is no rain on the mountain road, and the sky is green and people's clothes are wet.
Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn
Wang Wei
After the new rain in the empty mountains, autumn comes late.
The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows upstream from the rocks.
The bamboo noise returns to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat.
Let the spring fragrance rest at will, and the kings and grandsons can stay.
Staying at Jiande River
Meng Haoran
Moving the boat to Yanzhu, the guests are worried about the new arrival at dusk.
The sky is low in the wilderness, and the trees are low, and the clear moon on the river is close to the people.
The sky is clear and the sand is clear, autumn thoughts
Ma Zhiyuan
The dead vines and old trees are full of dim crows,
The houses with small bridges and flowing water.
The ancient road has a westerly wind and a thin horse.
The sun sets in the west,
The heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Night Mooring at Fengqiao
Zhang Ji of the Tang Dynasty
The moon is setting, the crows are crying, the sky is full of frost, and the river maple, the fishing fire, are facing melancholy.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang for the passenger ship.
Hangzhou Spring View
Bai Juyi
The Wanghai Tower shines brightly in the morning glow, and the embankment protecting the river is white on the clear sand.
The sound of waves comes to the enlisted member’s temple at night, and the willow color spring hides in Su Xiaojia’s house.
The red sleeves and weaving damask praise the persimmon stems, and the green flag sells wine while the pear blossoms are blooming.
Who opened the southwest road of Husi? The grass is green and the waist of the skirt is sloping.
Early spring in Nanhu
Bai Juyi
The wind has returned and the clouds have stopped, the rain has begun to clear, and the lakeside is warm and bright.
The red mountain apricots are randomly scattered, and the new green water apples are spread flatly.
The white wild goose with low wings is still heavy in flight, and the tongue is astringent and the oriole language has not been completed.
I don’t think Jiangnan Spring is bad, but my mood gets worse with each passing year.
Stay at Jiande River
Meng Haoran
Move the boat to Yanzhu,
At dusk, the guest is worried about the new arrival.
The sky is wide and the trees are low,
Jiang Qingyue is close to people
A guest in the mountains
Zhang Xu
The state of light and matter brings out the brilliance of spring. Don’t be tempted to return home because of the light yin.
Even if the sky is clear and there is no rain, my clothes will still be stained deep in the clouds.
6. Poems about mountains and rivers
1. Poems describing mountains: In Li Bai's "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell", Tianmu stretches across the sky, stretching across the five mountains to cover Chicheng.
The rooftop is 48,000 feet long, and it is tilted toward the southeast. Inscribed on the stone wall of Xilin by Su Shi, it looks like a ridge on the side and a peak on the side, with different heights near and far.
I don’t know the true face of Mount Lu, just because I am in this mountain. Wang Wei's "Zhongnan Mountain" Taiyi is close to the capital of heaven, stretching from mountains to sea corners.
The white clouds look back and merge, and the blue mist comes in to see nothing. The peaks in the field change, and the clouds and sunshine are different.
If you want to stay somewhere, ask the woodcutter across the water. 2. Poems describing water: Li Bai's "Jinjinjiu" If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea never to return! In Bai Juyi's "Remembering the South of the Yangtze River", when the sun rises, the flowers on the river are redder than the fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue. How can we not remember Jiangnan? 3. Poems describing mountains and water: "Green Stream" by Wang Wei: When entering the Huanghua River, I chase the green stream water every time.
There will be countless twists and turns along the mountain, and the journey will be endless. There is a lot of noise in the rocks, but the color is quiet deep in the pines.
The ripples are filled with water chestnuts, and the clear water reflects the reeds. My mind is free, and Qingchuan is so indifferent.
Please move on the rock. The fishing is almost over.
Wang Wei's "Looking at the Han River" Chu and Sai are connected to three Xiang, and Jingmen is connected to nine factions. The river flows beyond the sky and the earth, and the mountains are beautiful.
In the county town of Bucheonpo, waves ripple across the sky. It's a nice windy day in Xiangyang, and I'm left drunk with the mountain man.
Mountain: 1. There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, but there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers. (Lu You's "Visiting Shanxi Village") 2. You can't be seen on the mountain winding road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.
(Cen Shen's "Bai Xuege Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital") 3. The water is not as calm as the mountains and islands. (Cao Cao's "Viewing the Sea") 4. The green trees border the village, and the green mountains and hills slope outside.
(Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village") 5. It looks like a ridge from the side and a peak from the side, with different heights near and far. (Su Shi's "Inscription on the Wall of the Western Forest") 6. Hui Dang is at the top of the mountain, and you can see all the small mountains at a glance.
(Du Fu's "Wang Yue") 7. Climb Dongshan and Xiaolu will be small; climb Mount Tai and small the world. (Confucius) Water: 1. North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low.
(Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake") 2. The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return. (Li Bai's "About to Enter the Wine") 3. Who said there is no less in life? The water flowing in front of the door can still reach the west, so don't sing the yellow chicken with white hair.
(Su Shi) 4. The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun’s gift to me. (Li Bai) 5. As for Xiashui Xiangling, it is blocked along the way.
(Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges") 6. The water is all pale blue, and the bottom is thousands of feet away. There are fish and rocks swimming around, which are unobstructed even if you look directly at them.
(Wu Jun's "Book of Thoughts with Zhu Yuan") 1. The remaining clouds dispersed into clouds, and the Chengjiang River was as quiet as practice - (Southern Dynasties) Qi. The wilderness is vast, and the grass is blown by the wind, and the cattle and sheep are low - (Northern Qi) The folk song of the Northern Dynasty "Chile Song" 3. When the rooster sings, the world becomes white - Tang Dynasty. Li He's "Wine Tour" 4. The wild sky is low and the trees are low, and the river The clear moon is approaching - Tang Dynasty Meng Haoran's "Su Jian Dejiang" 5. Steaming clouds and dreamy lakes, shaking Yueyang City - Tang Dynasty Meng Haoran's "Looking at Dongting Lake and presenting it to Prime Minister Zhang" 6. The wild sand bank is pure, the sky is high and the autumn moon is high Ming Dynasty - (Southern Song Dynasty) Xie Lingyun's "First Arrival at the County" 7. The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return - Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's "Jinjinjiu" 8. One man can guard the gate, but ten thousand people cannot open it - Tang Dynasty .Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult" 9. The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and a solitary sail is approaching the sun - Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" 10. The stream flows down three thousand feet, suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky - Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty "Wang Lushan Waterfall" 11. The shadow of the solitary sail is gone in the blue sky, but only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky - Tang Dynasty Li Bai's "Send Meng Haoran's Visit to Guangling from the Yellow Crane Tower" 12. The sight of green mountains is endless, but the flowing water is so interesting - Tang Dynasty Qian Qi's "Accompanying" "A Banquet at the Pavilion in the East Pond of the City Outside the City of the King of Examiners" 13. The river is a green belt, and the mountains are like jade hairpins - Tang Dynasty. Han Yu's "Sending the same word "nan" to Dr. Yan of Guizhou" 14. The summit is so high that you can see all the small mountains - Tang Dynasty .Du Fu's "Wang Yue" 15. The river flows beyond the sky and the earth, and the mountains are beautiful - Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei's "Hanjiang Linfan" 16. Viewed horizontally, there are ridges and peaks, with different heights near and far.
——Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "Inscription on the Wall of the Western Forest" 17 The clear water is beautiful when the water is shining, and the mountains are empty and rainy, which is also strange - Su Shi, the Song Dynasty, "Drinking on the Lake at the First Sunny and the Rain" 18. There is no way out amid the mountains and rivers, and the willows are dark and the flowers are bright again. One Village - Lu You, Song Dynasty, "Visiting Shanxi Village" 19. One water protects the fields and surrounds them with green, and two mountains with rows of gates bring greenery - Wang Anshi, Song Dynasty, "Book of Mr. Hu Yin's Wall" 20. Green mountains cannot cover the east, after all. "Bodhisattva Man Flows Away" by Xin Qiji, Song Dynasty.
Victory Order".