Explanation: nip in the bud and put an end to things.
This idiom comes from Ding Hongchuan in the later Han Dynasty. If the government is responsible for bowing, Du gradually prevents sprouting, exterminates the fierce demon and eliminates the harm.
After the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor acceded to the throne, Dou Taihou came to power. Her brother, Dou Xianguan, is a general. He appointed Dou's brother as a civil and military official and held the military and political power of the country. Seeing this phenomenon, many ministers are very anxious, and they are all worried about the Korean family. Minister Ding Hong is one of them.
Ding Hong is very learned, and he has a lot of research on classic works. He was very angry with Dou Taihou's authoritarian power and determined to get rid of this scourge for his country. A few years later, there was a solar eclipse in the sky. Ding Hong wrote to the emperor with this ominous sign at that time, pointing out the harm of Dou Jiaquan to the country and suggesting that this phenomenon should be changed quickly. And the emperor had this feeling and plan for a long time, so he quickly dismissed Dou Xian's office, and Dou Xian and his brothers committed suicide.
In his last book to the emperor He, he said that if the emperor personally cleans up politics, he should pay attention to preventing accidents from happening when they begin to sprout, so as to eliminate hidden dangers and enable the country to maintain long-term stability.
Have rich experience in something, be able to
During the Jin Dynasty, two groups of people, Fan and BOC, prepared to attack Jin Dinggong. At that time, it was pointed out that the key to the success or failure of the war was whether the people supported it or not. Without the trust and support of the people, it will undoubtedly fail. Fan and BOC's attack is an act of rebellion, and the people will not support it. What's more, Jin Dinggong himself once failed to behead the monarch and lived in a foreign country. He can be said to be an experienced person who has experienced failure. Just like a man who broke his arm three times, although he recovered after medical treatment, he tasted the taste of broken arm; In the experience of broken arm and treatment, he learned the cause of broken arm and the process and method of treatment. In other words, he is an old hand in medicine. So the meaning of this idiom is quite profound.
No matter who he is, as long as he succeeds through repeated setbacks and arduous struggles, we can all be said to have struggled with difficulties. Great men in the world are not born. He must have experienced many setbacks, but he kept fighting and finally succeeded. Failure is the mother of success, and we can encourage others with the "triple" of great men.
cheat
Mi Youren (Zi Hui), the son of Mi Fei, a great calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty, has a family background and is as good at writing and painting as his father. I especially like the works of the ancients. Once, he saw the original work of Wang Xizhi on someone else's boat and immediately wanted to change his life. The shopkeeper disagreed. He let out a cry in a hurry, climbed onto the side of the boat and jumped into the water. Fortunately, others quickly hugged him to avoid falling into the water. He has a great prize, that is, learning to copy the paintings of the ancients. When he was in Lianshui, he used a picture of a "pine cow" to describe it. Later, he left the original and returned it to someone who didn't realize it at that time. Take it and go. It was not until many days later that I asked for the original.
Mi Youren asked him how to tell the difference, and the man replied: "There is a shadow of a shepherd boy in the eyes of a real book; And this one you gave me didn't. " But Mi Youren imitated the paintings of the ancients, and few people found that his model was fake. He often tries his best to borrow ancient paintings to describe it; After copying, I always send samples and originals to the shopkeeper for him to choose. Because of his ability to copy ancient paintings, he made the model exactly the same as the real one, and the owner often took the model back seriously, so Mi Youren got a lot of valuable real ancient paintings.
Mi Youren is a talented artist who deserves people's admiration. He is also a lover and admirer of ancient paintings, which makes people know more about the beauty and value of ancient paintings. But it is contemptible and contemptible for him to skillfully replace the fake copy of imitation with the real copy of others. Therefore, some people call his clever way of defrauding others of authentic ancient paintings "stealing", which was later extended to this idiom to describe people grabbing their undeserved property by improper clever methods. "strategizing", cheating also; "rob", rob payment. Rob property in this way, often get a lot of benefits, so there is a saying that "stealing and robbing skillfully, there are many benefits" (Qingbo Magazine), for example. The magic stick under the guise of sacred objects often uses various excuses to defraud ignorant people of their property under the pretext of doing some Buddhist things. Snatching private ownership means "grabbing by surprise".
lay exposed/open to attacks on all sides
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed that the East and West of the Gorge (in present-day Rongxian County, Jia Luhe) would be the boundary, and they would not invade each other. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Sean and Chen Ping, and thought that Xiang Yu should be destroyed when he was weak. Then he chased Xiang Yu's army with Han Xin, Peng Yue and Liu Jia, and chased Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) eastward. Finally, several layers of troops were arranged to tightly surround Xiang Yu (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At this time, Xiang Yu's soldiers were few and there was no food. In the evening, he was very surprised to hear the troops around him singing Chu folk songs and said, "Is Liu Bang banned? Why are there so many Chu people in his army? " After talking, I lost my fighting spirit, so I got out of bed and drank in the camp. Sing with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. After singing, I cried, and everyone around me was very sad, and they all felt that they could not lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu got on his horse and escaped from the south with only 800 cavalry. Run away and fight, commit suicide by Wujiang River.
Because there is a story in this story that Xiang Yu was surprised to hear the songs of Chu songs around him, and then failed to commit suicide, people later used "besieged on all sides" to describe the personnel environment where people were attacked or persecuted from all directions, resulting in an embarrassing situation of isolation and helplessness.
Anyone caught in this situation often has a tragic fate. For example, some people are idle because they often associate with bad people. But later, the bad guys forced him to make a living. When he asks for help from others, others should treat him as a bad person on weekdays, and never sympathize with him or ignore him. This man's situation is "besieged on all sides". Another example is that when the school discusses academic issues, students are ignorant (idioms, meaning no academics), irresponsible and confuse right and wrong. When students rise up and attack, students are completely isolated. This can also be called "besieged on all sides". In the process of our life, in our daily life, we should be a good person and do things in a down-to-earth manner. If we make a mistake, we will suffer from all sides.
Expensive Paper in Luoyang ―― The Great Popularity of a Literary Works
Now many people know the idiom "Luoyang paper is expensive", but where did it come from? It turns out that there was a famous writer named Zuo Si in the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty. He once wrote the book Sandu Fu, which was widely circulated in Luoyang, the capital city. People are amazed and plagiarize one after another, making paper several times more expensive. The original paper with 1,000 words per knife suddenly rose to 2,000 words and 3,000 words, and then it was thrown out; Many people have to go to other places to buy paper to copy this ancient name.
However, Zuo Si's "Sandu Fu" has attracted a lot of attention. Without knowledge and talent, perhaps this "Sandu Fu" will become a pile of waste paper and may not be circulated.
When Zuo Si was a child, his father always looked down on him. Father Zuo Yong started from a small official and slowly made suggestions. Seeing that his son is short, ugly and stuttering, he shows a silly look and often tells outsiders that he regrets giving birth to this son. After Zuo Si became an adult, Zuo Yong said to his friends, "Although Zuo Si is an adult, his knowledge and reason are not as good as when I was a child."
Zuo Si, unwilling to be despised, began to study hard. When he was reading "DuDu Fu" written by Ban Gu and "DuDu Fu" written by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty, although he admired the grand boldness and gorgeous rhetoric, he wrote the capital features of Luoyang in Tokyo and Chang 'an in Xijing, but he also saw the shortcomings of vanity, unreality, size and irrationality. From then on, he decided to write a "Sandu Fu" based on facts and historical development, which included Yecheng, Chengdu and Nanjing, the capital of Wei.
In order to write Sandu Fu, Zuo Si began to collect a large number of historical, geographical, property, customs and other materials. After receiving it, he closed the door and began to bury himself in writing. He pondered day and night in a room full of books and papers, and it often took him a long time to hammer out a satisfactory sentence. After ten years, this "Sandu Fu", which embodies Zuo Si's painstaking efforts, has finally been written!
However, when Zuo Si showed his article to others, he was laughed at. At that time, the famous writer Lu Ji also had the idea of writing Sandu Fu. He heard that Zuo Si, an unknown writer, wrote Sandu Fu, and sarcastically said, "I don't know that little boy, but I want to surpass Ban Gu and Zhang Heng. Too much! " He also wrote to his younger brother Lu Yun, saying, "An arrogant guy in Beijing wrote Sandufu. I think what he wrote was just to let me build a jar! "
When Zuo Si's Sandu Fu was evaluated in the literary world, the literati saw that the author was a nobody, shook his head and waved his hand, and simply ignored it, making an Sandu Fu useless. Zuo Si was unwilling to bury his hard work and found the famous writer Zhang Hua.
Zhang Huaxian read Sandu Fu sentence by sentence, and then inquired about Zuo Si's creative motivation and process in detail. When he looked back at the meaning and charm of this sentence, he could not help but be deeply moved by the sentence in the text. The more he read, the more he loved it, and finally he couldn't bear to let it go. He praised: "The article is well written! Those secular literati only value fame more than articles, and their words are not worth mentioning. Mr Huangfu Mi is famous and honest. Let me join him in recommending your article to the world! "
Huangfu Mi was deeply moved after reading Sandu Fu. He spoke highly of this article and happily wrote a preface for it. He also invited the author Zhang Zai to annotate Du Wei's Fu in Sandu Fu, and Zhu Zhongshu and Liu Lang Kui to annotate Shudu Fu and Wudu Fu. In his explanation, Liu Kui said: "The world tends to attach importance to old things and despise new things and achievements. This is why Sandu Fu began not to spread to the world! "
Introduced by celebrities, Sandu Fu quickly became popular in Kyoto, and people who know literature are full of praise. Even after I heard about Zuo Siren's Lu Ji, I read it carefully. He nodded and said yes, repeatedly; "It's so well written that I can't believe it." He decided that if he wrote Sandu Fu again, he would never surpass Zuo Si, so he stopped writing.
It can be seen that it is the same article. Some people belittle it, others make it famous for a while. Of course, there are differences between people with high and low discrimination ability, but it is more important to reflect whether people attach importance to new forces and whether they can identify talents.
Samyama hen
Yan Ying was the prime minister of Qi Jinggong during the Warring States Period, and his figure was not very tall. According to the cloud, he is less than six feet long (equivalent to four feet three inches now), but he is very talented and famous as a vassal. One day, Yan Ying went out to see the car and was driven away by his charioteer (coachman). The charioteer's wife is very virtuous When the charioteer drove by his door, his wife peeked through the door and saw her husband waving a whip, showing a proud look.
When her husband came home that evening, she scolded him: "Yan Ying was less than six feet long, and he became the prime minister of Qi, which is famous all over the world. The rulers of all countries know him and admire him. I think his attitude is still very modest, and he doesn't feel complacent at all; You are eight feet long, and your appearance is much more magnificent than his. You are only his driver, and you are proud of yourself, so you will not get development, and you can only do some humble work. I'm so sorry for you! "
After listening to his wife's words, the charioteer's attitude gradually changed, and he seemed modest and kind everywhere. Yan Ying was surprised to see the charioteer suddenly grovel, and asked him why. The coachman honestly told Yan Ying what his wife had said. Yan Ying is a person worthy of promotion, because he can turn over a new leaf immediately after hearing advice, so he is recommended as a doctor.
From this story of a good wife, later generations extended words of praise to others for having a good wife. Nowadays, most people think that a wife can help her husband, which has made progress in his career, studies and personality and increased his position in society. It is said that he has a virtuous wife.
With honey in his mouth.
Source: "The First Year of Zi Changkong" Li is the prime minister, especially avoiding the scribes, or being kind to Yang and swallowing his sweet words. Everyone says that Li "has honey in his mouth and a sword in his stomach"
Interpretation: Metaphorical words are sweet and sweet as honey, but the plot in the stomach is harmful to people.
Story: Li Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was the official residence of the "Ministry of War Shangshu" and "Secretariat of History" and the post of prime minister.
This person is not bad if he is talented, and he can write and draw well. But when it comes to morality, it's terrible. He is jealous and does harm to others, and he will do whatever it takes to repel and attack anyone with better talent, higher prestige and similar power status. For Tang Xuanzong, he had a skill of filling and flattering. He tried his best to accommodate Xuanzong, using various methods to please his favorite concubines and trusted eunuchs, and gained their love and support to keep his position.
When Li is in contact with people, he always shows an amiable appearance on the outside, and says some beautiful "good words" in his mouth, but in fact his character is very cunning, and he often harms people in secret. For example, once, he pretended to be sincere and said to his colleague Li, "Huashan produces a lot of gold." If it can be mined, it will greatly increase the wealth of the country. Unfortunately, the emperor doesn't know yet. Li thought this was a fact, so he hurried to suggest Xuanzong to mine quickly. Tang Xuanzong was very happy and immediately called Li to discuss. Li said to him, "I have known this for a long time. Huashan Mountain is a place where the emperor's geomantic omen is concentrated. How can you just mine? I'm afraid others' advice to you and me is malicious; I tried to tell you about it several times, but I was afraid to speak. "
Xuanzong was moved by his words and thought that he was really a loyal and patriotic courtier. On the contrary, he was dissatisfied with Yi Shi and gradually alienated him. In this way, with this special "skill", Li became the prime minister for nineteen years.
Later, Sima Guang made an evaluation of Li Jin when he compiled "A Mirror with Resources", pointing out that he was a man with ulterior motives, which was very realistic.
Guests feel at home.
Explanation: Guests feel at home when they come here. Describe the host's warm and thoughtful hospitality, and the tourists are satisfied.
This idiom comes from Zuo Zhuan's Thirty-one Years of Xianggong. It makes you feel at home, but you don't. Not afraid of thieves and robbers, not suffering from dryness and dampness.
He was a doctor of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, whose name was Gong. He was the Minister of State for many years and was in charge of the State of Zheng.
In 542 BC, Zi Chan was ordered by Zheng Jiangong to visit the State of Jin and brought many gifts. At that time, Duke Xiang of Lu died, and Duke Jinping made an excuse to mourn Lu, and did not receive Zheng's envoy. Zi chan ordered his entourage to tear down the wall of the Jin state hotel, and then rushed into the chariots and horses to put things.
After learning the news, I was shocked and sent a doctor to the hotel to ask about the birth. Shi said: "China is an ally of the vassal states. In order to prevent thieves and ensure the safety of guests, many governors and officials who came to the DPRK specially built this hotel and built thick walls. Now that the fence has been demolished, what about the safety of other vassal guests? Our monarch wants to know your intention to tear down the wall. "
Zi chan replied: "Zheng is a small country and needs to pay tribute to a big country." This time, we went to the court with the property collected from our country, but your monarch was not here, and we didn't see it, and we didn't know the date of the visit. I heard that when Jin Wengong was a leader in the past, the palace where he lived was short and small, but the hotel where he received governors was built tall and big. When the guests arrive, everything is handled and the gifts can be presented quickly. He shared joys and sorrows with his guests. You don't understand. He gives advice. If you are in trouble, he will help you. Guests feel at home when they come here. However, at present, the palace of Tongjieshan in the state of Jin has several miles, but the house where the vassal guests live is the house where the slaves live. You can't get into the car at the door, and there is no exact date for the interview. We can't climb over the wall. If we don't tear down this wall and expose these gifts to the sun and the night, it will be our sin. If we pay the gift, we are willing to repair the fence and go back. "
Shi was ashamed to report the situation to. He immediately met Zichan, gave a big banquet, rewarded Zichan, and ordered the hotel to be rebuilt.
Dereliction of duty when getting paid
The history of corpse sound is that a person sat and watched on behalf of an idol in ancient ceremonies without any action.
There is a saying in the Book of Songs: "Taikang corpse". This is the origin of the vegetarian meal in the corpse's position, which is used to describe a person who has a position but has no job, just like a corpse in a sacrificial ceremony, just sitting in the position without doing any action.
Vegetarian food also comes from the Book of Songs: "He is a gentleman, but he is not a vegetarian." Later generations then used "vegetarian meal" as a metaphor for people who have no job to eat. The combination of "vegetarian meal in a corpse" into an idiom should be said to come from Han Shu, because there is such a package in Zhu Yunzhuan in the book: "Today's court ministers, although unable to judge the Lord, all died for the benefit of the people." The meaning of the whole idiom is the same as that mentioned above. In this way, it is necessary to study the origin of idioms and learn more about the origin of this idiom.
Redundant staff in general organs, societies and shops, relying on personnel or other special relationships, only know that they get paid on time every month, eat and drink Lazar every day and do nothing. This kind of person can be said to be a vegetarian. In addition, although people with poor working ability do their best to serve, they always fail to do things well and have no accumulation. Such people do not rely on their own skills, but rely on special relationships to keep their jobs, so they can also be said to be "vegetarians." For another example, someone told a friend that he had no skills at all, but thanks to the care of his boss, he had been able to solve his life, but he was a vegetarian and his conscience was a little guilty. So to speak, it has become a very decent modesty.
Love sth so much that you can't let it go.
Tao Yuanming, a native of Jin Dynasty, was unwilling to kneel down for Wudou Rice, abandoned his official position and went back to his hometown to farm. He described his rural life like this in "Five Songs of Returning to the Garden": beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and the grass is full of beans. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. His poems are as easy to understand as nursery rhymes, but the lines are full of piano practice and integrity. Liang Xiaotong is a preface to Tao Yuanming's poetry and prose. He said: "I love reading Tao Yuanming's articles and can't put them down."
"I can't put it down" because I like it and I won't let it go for a long time. (From the Southern Liang Dynasty? Xiao Tong's Preface to Tao Yuanming)
Look at the picture and find a good horse-follow the clue to find something
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Sun Yang in the State of Qin who was very good at watching horses. No matter what kind of horse it is, he can tell good from bad at a glance. He is often asked to know horses and choose horses. People call him Bole ("Bole" is the name of the stars in the sky and is said to be in charge of managing Tianma).
Once, Sun Yang passed by a place and suddenly saw an old horse with a salt cart barking at him. On closer inspection, it turned out to be a swift horse, only a little older. The old horse dragged the cart with difficulty, and Sun Yang felt too wronged by this swift horse. Originally a BMW pony that can run on the battlefield and play a greater role, now it is dragging a salt cart in obscurity, slowly consuming its momentum and physical strength. What a pity! Sun Yang was so sad that she burst into tears at the thought.
In order to make more people learn to kiss up to horses, to make Maxima no longer be buried, and to keep his unique skills from being lost, Sun Yang wrote a book with his years of accumulated experience and knowledge of flattery, which contains various forms of horses. This book is called Imitation of Horse Sutra.
Sun Yang had a son who read the "Xiangma Jing" written by his father. He thought it was easy to kiss up to horses, so he took this book and looked for good horses everywhere. He followed the pattern drawn in the book and found nothing. I searched according to the characteristics written in the book, and finally found a toad with characteristics very similar to those written in the book. I happily took toad home and said to my father, "Dad, I found a swift horse, but the hoof was almost the same." Father couldn't help laughing when he saw it. He didn't expect his son to be so stupid, so he said humorously, "It's a pity that Matthew likes to jump and can't be used to pull a cart." Then he sighed: "Follow the map."
The story comes from Yang Shen's "Yilin Felling Mountain" in the Ming Dynasty. The idiom "from the book" means to do things mechanically in the old way and not know how to be flexible; It is also a metaphor to look for things according to certain clues.
Love me, love my dog
House: House. Wu: Crow. Because I love a person and care for his house, even crows who stay on the roof temporarily are not bored. It is a metaphor for loving a person and caring about people or things related to him.
The author's source is The Biography of Shangshu. "War": "Those who love others are also black houses.
Idioms and their stories
At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wang was at a loss. Ji Chang, the leader of the Western Regions, was determined to overthrow the Shang Dynasty. First, he hired Jiang Taigong as a military adviser and actively trained soldiers. Then merge with several neighboring vassal States to dominate the west; Later, the capital was moved to Fengyi to prepare for the eastward expedition.
Soon, Ji Chang died, and his son Ji Fa succeeded him, namely Zhou Wuwang. Jiang Taigong remained a strategist and continued to accumulate strength. A few years later, taking advantage of the main expedition of the Shang army to the southeast and the emptiness of the Yin capital, the joint governors launched a general attack on the Shang Dynasty. The two armies fought fiercely in Konoha, a suburb of Chao Ge, the silver capital. A large number of slaves in the Shang army rebelled and rebelled, and Zhou Jun occupied Chao Ge within a week. Zhou Wang burned himself to death on the deer platform.
King Wu didn't know how to deal with the problems left over from the Shang Dynasty and tried to stabilize the situation quickly. So he called Jiang Taigong to discuss countermeasures.
King Wu asked, "What do you think should be done with those people?"
Taigong replied: "I heard that if I love that person, I will love his crow;" If you hate that man, you will also hate his servants and retainers. Destroy all hostile elements, leaving no one behind. Do you like it? "
Jiang Taigong made great contributions in the war of destroying commerce, and established Qi State on the land given to him by King Wu.
Hearing that Zhuge Liang was very talented, Liu Bei went to Wollongong in Longzhong with a gift and asked him to come out to help. It happened that Zhuge Liang was absent on this day, so he had to return disappointed. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the snowstorm and invited them for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a walk again. After a while, Liu Bei was a vegetarian for three days and was ready to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a hollow reputation, but he may not have real talent and learning, so he doesn't have to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, advocated that he should make a phone call alone and tie it up with a rope when he didn't come. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and went to visit Zhuge Liang with them for the third time. At this time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei dare not disturb him. He stood until Zhuge Liang woke up and sat down to talk to each other. Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was interested in doing things for the country and sincerely asked him for help, so he came out to help Liu Bei establish the Han Shu Dynasty.
Commentary: Gu: Visit; A thatched cottage. It was originally a story about Liu Bei's visit to Zhuge Liang at the end of Han Dynasty. Metaphor is sincere and invited again and again.
Sublime or seclusion
Description: Take Mei as his wife and crane as his son. Metaphor is lofty or secluded. Song Linbu lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of West Lake, planted plums and raised cranes, and never married. People call him "Mei Wife Crane".
[Edit this paragraph] Allusions
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin Bu (Hejing), Chu Shi, lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou. He was unmarried and had children, but he planted a plum crane named "Mei Wife Crane", which was passed down as an eternal story. There is a famous sentence in his poem "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden": "The shadows are shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." It is a vivid portrayal of plum blossom, a household name, and is known as the eternal swan song. Canon-Song Shen Guo. Meng Qian's pen talk. Volume 10 personnel. After the metaphor of lofty or secluded, also known as: Meihe karma, wife Meihe.