In summer (June-August in the solar calendar), the temperature is generally between 26 and 28 degrees Celsius, and the incidence of fish is slightly less than that in spring. At this time, the fish species gradually grow up and their disease resistance is enhanced. Therefore, the fish diseases of ciliates and flagellates are gradually decreasing. In addition, according to the investigation, there are still microbial fish diseases in spring and summer, such as gill rot, hemorrhagic disease, erythroderma, enteritis, printing disease and so on. At this time, it is more common for parasites to have anchor head disease. In midsummer, high-yield ponds are often prone to flooding.
In autumn (Gregorian calendar 9- 10), the temperature drops gradually, generally between 23- 15 degrees Celsius, and the water temperature environment is basically similar to that in spring, especially in August-September, which is the season with high incidence of fish diseases-"Bailuxin". Summer flower fish mainly suffer from fish diseases such as rotifer, melon worm, giant salamander, trematode and fish lice.
In winter (Gregorian calendar1February-February), the temperature is low, generally between 3-6 degrees Celsius, and fish diseases rarely occur. Winter is the stocking period of fish species, and fish bodies are often scratched by pulling nets or transportation, and water mold can also occur; When the water temperature is high, it is possible to produce flagellates and cucurbits. When the water temperature of the overwintering fish is lower than 10℃, the temperature difference between the indoor air temperature and the water temperature is too large, which causes the fish to be frostbitten when floating due to lack of oxygen.
At present, with the change of temperature in spring, summer, autumn and winter, there are 12 kinds of common fish diseases, among which there are 7 kinds of parasitic diseases: trypanosomiasis, cucurbitaceae, giant salamander, anchovy, ichthyosis, silver carp iodosporosis and China herring disease; There are five kinds of microbial diseases: hemorrhagic disease (erythroderma), enteritis, gill rot, printing disease and water mold. As the saying goes, "fish farming is not bad, but it is dizzy with wealth." In fish farming, once fish diseases occur, the growth and development of fish will be affected, and some fish will die in severe cases. Therefore, we must attach importance to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases and actively implement the policy of "early prevention without disease and early treatment with disease"
You can judge the sex of a fish according to its size, shape, color, tail whiskers and fins.
There are many kinds of fish. When you cut open the belly of a fish, you see that it is a female fish full of eggs; A male fish has a milky "fish white" without fish eggs. But if you are given a live fish, how can you tell the sex of the fish?
Or from the appearance to identify.
Look at the fins of the fish. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, the female pectoral fin is blunt, and the male pectoral fin is sharp. The pectoral fin of male carp is larger than that of female carp. The dorsal fin and anal fin of the male salamander [jiāng] are longer, and there are some yellow-green spots on the ventral fin, but the female fish does not.
Look at the size and shape of this fish. Carp and crucian carp, females of the same age in the same place are always older than males. Tilapia (also known as African crucian carp), the female fish's reproductive hole and urine hole are separated, but the male fish are combined, so the female fish has one more hole than the male fish, but the individual is smaller. Female whitebait is transparent and has no scales, while male whitebait has a row of scales above the base of anal fin. The female anchovies are big and full, while the male anchovies are small and thin.
Look at the color of this fish. Many fish change color. Male rays used to have a gray-black back and a silvery-white abdomen. In the breeding season, its body will turn blue, red and yellow, colorful and beautiful. During the battle, the color of the male fighting fish will suddenly change, and in the breeding season, he will also put on a beautiful coat, which is golden yellow. This is the "wedding dress"; The female fighting fish is not so gorgeous, and some gray stripes are exposed on the brown body. Male goldfish will have some tiny sand-like particles on the gill cover and fins-"idolization", while female fish will not.
Raise water before raising fish.
For fish farmers, there are four kinds of water: first, fresh water, that is, tap water that has just been aired or well water that has been newly drilled. Although this kind of water is clean, it is very different from the environment in which fish live in nature. Because there is no nitrifying bacteria community in the water, fish excreta and scattered food residues decompose into ammonia after corruption, and fish are easy to be poisoned. Second, the old water, light green or amber, is rich in humus and beneficial microorganisms and algae, and has established a good ecological circulation system. After nitrogen cycle, it is decomposed into nitrate which is harmless to fish. This kind of water is extremely beneficial to the growth of fish. The third is green water. There are too many organic matters in the water, cyanobacteria, green algae and brown algae multiply in large numbers, and the content of bacteria and microorganisms increases sharply. The water is thick green, and sometimes it smells bad, which can easily lead to the death of the whole tank of fish. The fourth is to return to clear water, also called biting clear water. It is because there are too many algae and microorganisms in the green water, which consumes the oxygen in the aquarium, causing the death of algae and aerobic bacteria, and turning the water into stagnant water without oxygen and a large number of anaerobic harmful bacteria.
It can be seen that not all water is suitable for goldfish's life, and the most suitable water for goldfish's growth is old water. Hydroponics is the process of changing new water into old water.
At present, most of the water we use for fish farming is tap water, so the first step of water cultivation is to remove the toxic substance-chlorine from tap water. The method of chlorine removal is relatively simple. After the water is filled, let it stand for 2-3 days, or dry it 1 day (in case of urgent need, add 0.5% per 100 kg of water). 63g of baking soda, namely sodium thiosulfate, can be used immediately).
After the fresh water is dried, it should be put into a tank for filtration, so that the water pump can turn the still water into flowing water, and then put the fish into the tank. "Broken tank" is to put a few cheap, strong and easy-to-raise fish into a new tank. After a few days, fish excrement will be decomposed into ammonia in water, which is the same as adding ammonia to tap water. Too much ammonia will kill fish, so the most important thing to raise water is to remove ammonia from the water. Usually we use nitrifying bacteria to remove ammonia from water. Nitrifying bacteria can be added to water, but they need attachments to survive in water. If there is no suitable attachment, it is not good to add more nitrifying bacteria. They will die in water, and nitrifying bacteria usually attach to filter cotton or bottom sand. In fact, running water will naturally produce nitrifying bacteria in a few days, which is also the most commonly used method to cultivate nitrifying bacteria. The cultivation of nitrifying bacteria is the second step of hydroponics.
Here is a brief introduction to the subtle chemical changes of nitrogen cycle and the working principle of nitrifying bacteria.
After the fish enters the tank, it will discharge ammonia and other wastes into the water, and the ammonia concentration in the water will increase, so the nitrifying bacteria in the domestic water can decompose ammonia (note: it takes a week or more for nitrifying bacteria to form, so the fish will be seriously injured during this time). When the nitrifying bacteria community is formed, the ammonia concentration will be reduced to zero.
However, it is not that simple, because nitrifying bacteria can only convert ammonia into nitrite, but it is also toxic to fish! So we should understand that the concentration of nitrite is increasing, while the concentration of ammonia is decreasing. So don't think that you can sit back and relax after the ecology is established. In order to reduce nitrite, it is necessary to change water regularly and quantitatively to reduce its concentration, so as to maintain a relatively stable ecology and keep the water in an old state.
I also want to tell you that old water is what we pursue, and green water also has many benefits for goldfish. For example, green water can darken the color of goldfish, but there are too many algae in this water to see fish and it is not suitable for viewing. Moreover, when there are too many algae, the fish will lack oxygen, so we should pay attention to controlling the algae content in the water when raising goldfish with green water.
First, diligent observation and early treatment.
Generally, after fish are infected or attacked by pathogens, there will be some signs for a period of time. For example, sick fish move slowly and often swim slowly on the water without gathering. If they are disturbed, they will surface after a little sinking. There are also some fish that swim wildly when they are just sick, or they are gray and scaly. For another example, after the hemorrhage of white crucian carp occurred, the wild small miscellaneous fish in the early fish pond died. When fish disease symptoms are found in fish ponds, measures should be taken in time to prevent the disease from expanding.
Second, correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine.
First of all, according to the climate characteristics, water source, fish source, polyculture ratio and density feeding management, the epidemic law of fish diseases over the years, fish appetite, exercise, body color and so on, the field investigation and analysis were carried out. Then, the body surface, gill filaments, muscles, internal organs and other parts of the dead or dying fish are examined by naked eyes or microscopes. See if there are large parasites such as Chinese herring and anchor head herring on its body surface, or bleeding spots, scales falling off, rotten fins, anal swelling, etc. The gill and gill cover are congested and corroded, the color and mucus contents of gill filaments are parasitic, and the gill filaments are rotten and turbid. Is there ascites, intestinal inflammation, congestion, liver and spleen congestion after the fish belly is cut open? Skin the fish, whether the muscles are bleeding, etc. According to the specific symptoms of the examination, first diagnose the diseases or complications of parasites, bacteria and viruses, and then make a comprehensive analysis according to the performance of the sick fish to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine.
Third, the calculation is accurate and the dosage is accurate.
Accurate calculation and accurate dosage are another key to treat fish diseases. For external use, the volume of pool water when the whole pool is splashed should be accurately calculated, and the influence of water quality characteristics and water temperature at that time should be considered. For example, when there are many organic substances, the water quality is fat, and the water temperature is low, the dosage should be more. The calculation of pool water quantity should be based on the actual water surface and average water depth. The calculation of average water depth is based on the average of several different depths in the pond. The dosage of oral medicine is expressed by how much medicine is ingested per kilogram of fish. There are usually two calculation methods: by weight and by feeding rate, which should be used flexibly. When most fish in the pond eat heavily, it is more accurate to calculate according to the total weight of fish in the pond; When the fish in the pond are seriously ill or the weather is bad, resulting in loss of appetite, drugs should be mixed in the bait in a high proportion according to the estimated feeding rate to ensure that the sick fish who can still eat can eat enough drugs. When preparing drug bait, the loss of drug in water should also be considered. Pay attention to the estimation of the total weight of fish in the pond, and consider the proportion of growth and weight gain in each stage, and can't calculate the feeding amount of drug bait by putting fish species.
Fourth, master the characteristics of drugs and use drugs scientifically.
Commonly used drugs for fish diseases have their own physical and chemical characteristics, so we should pay attention to rationalization when storing and using them to avoid drug failure due to improper storage and use. For example, which drugs can only be used externally, which drugs are effective for oral administration, and which drugs cannot be used together. Which drugs will be more effective in combination and which drugs will be affected by environmental factors. Bait should take into account the living habits of fish, and make different bait such as floating, sinking and particle. Generally, if herring and crucian carp are sick, they should be fed with heavy bait; It is better to feed floating bait or mixed medicine on grass fish. Silver carp diseases should be fed with particulate bait, and a certain amount of adhesive should be mixed during production to prevent the loss of drugs in water. After the medicine is fully dissolved, it should be sprinkled evenly in the whole pool, and the splashing time in the afternoon is better, because the water temperature in the afternoon is high and the efficacy is high. When spraying the medicine, it is gradually spilled from the upper wind to the lower wind, and the undissolved medicine left after spraying cannot be poured into the pool. Otherwise, fish will cause poisoning and death if swallowed.
Five, according to the condition, with a full course of treatment.
Course of treatment is the fundamental guarantee to cure fish diseases. Without adequate course of treatment, pathogens can not be completely eliminated, and the effect of medication can not be achieved. Therefore, adequate treatment is an important link to completely eliminate pathogens and consolidate the therapeutic effect. In practice, the course of treatment should depend on the specific types of diseases suffered by fish. For example, invasive diseases are caused by parasites. Generally, 1 ~ 2 days is a course of treatment, which can achieve the purpose of treatment. Such as bacterial and viral diseases, generally 3 ~ 5 days is a course of treatment. As for the number of courses of treatment, it depends on the severity of the disease and the urgency of the course. It takes two or three courses of treatment for serious and long-lasting diseases, otherwise the curative effect will not be complete and there is the possibility of recurrence of infection.
Six, a few points for attention
1. 1 day Stop eating and then feed the bait, so the fish will be hungry. After feeding with bait, you can eat quickly.
2. During the treatment and just after the cure, it is not advisable to change a lot of water for fish, so as not to stimulate the fish, cause stress reaction, aggravate the condition or cause recurrence.
3. The treatment of fish diseases should adopt the method of combining oral administration with external elimination, and the internal and external attack can not be achieved by oral administration alone.
4. When treating fish diseases, you can't use the same drug alone for many times, so as to avoid the pathogen's drug resistance, so you should use drugs alternately.
5. Once the disease occurs, no matter the treatment effect is good or bad, the loss is inevitable. Therefore, we should adhere to the prevention policy of "prevention first, treatment second" in peacetime.
The glass jar should be placed in a ventilated, sunny place near the window. Attention should be paid to stocking density and reasonable arrangement should be made according to the size of containers. It is better to raise more than less. Because the indoor air circulation is not good, raising more water is easy to be turbid, which can easily lead to goldfish dying of lack of oxygen. If you have a pump, you can raise more. If the goldfish is found to have a floating head, it is necessary to turn on the air pump for oxygenation, especially at night.
Live fish worms are the most ideal bait for fish farming, and the water quality is not easy to deteriorate. Dried fish worms and synthetic pellet feed can also be used. There are live fish and worms on the market now, but it is also very troublesome to buy them every day. For dried fish worms sold in the market, choose fresh and loose particles to feed the fish, and don't buy old and moldy dried fish worms to feed them. It is best to use full-price feed with complete nutrients for artificial pellet feed, which is sold in the market.
In order to keep the water pure, the feeding amount should be strictly timed and quantified. Usually, it is advisable to feed 1 2 times a day, and each feeding amount should be eaten within half an hour. Don't feed too much bait. Feeding too much has two disadvantages: first, the fish is full, the metabolic level is improved, and the oxygen consumption is increased, which is easy to cause goldfish to die of hypoxia and suffocation; Second, the bait is left, which is easy to rot and ferment, making the water quality worse and causing hypoxia. In fact, goldfish are hungry, and there will be no problem if they are not fed for a week or two.
It is very important to keep goldfish clean. It is necessary to suck off the accumulated slag with latex tube regularly, clean up the feces and residual bait at the bottom of the glass jar together with turbid water, and then slowly replenish the fresh water that has been left for one day. If water plants are found floating or rockeries are knocked down during operation, they should be restored to their original state in time.
The longer the fish is raised, the more sediment will be deposited. Although it is removed every day, it cannot be completely removed. If the sediment increases and affects the clarity of the glass jar, it is necessary to completely change the water to clean the glass jar, so as to keep the water pure and easy to watch, and also to maintain a good living environment for goldfish.
Generally, rectangular glass cabinets are used. Because of their small size, it is not advisable to leave more, and less should not be more. For example, in a container with a length of 40 cm, a width of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm, six to eight goldfish with a length of 5 cm to 7 cm can be raised. Adult fish with a body length of more than 8 cm should not be kept in small glass tanks, but in luxurious large glass tanks or ceramic tanks, and equipped with small oxygenators for standby to prevent hypoxia. The above stocking density is for reference only, but also depends on water temperature, fish size and water quality. This cannot be done mechanically. Generally speaking, if the fish is big, it is necessary to raise less; You can raise more in winter and less in summer; You can raise more when the water temperature is low, and raise less when the water temperature is high.
Choose goldfish
Choose fish with strong bodies and bright colors.
If you choose any kind of goldfish, you should choose the one with broad and firm body, complete chest, abdomen and caudal fin, and wide tail. Fish without dorsal fin should have a smooth back and no incomplete dorsal fin or nodule. The colors of fish should be red and delicate, white and pure white, blue and blue, black and dark, the colors of flowers should be harmonious and the patterns should be meticulous. Only those with blue can be called Wuhua. Some fish are half red and half black, or those whose bodies are red and the edges of their fins are black. They look beautiful at the moment, but in fact they will soon become all red, so be prescient.
When choosing fish, choose those that are unique in characteristics, body shape or color and observe them.
Choose healthy and disease-free fish.
Generally speaking, swimming in the pool (basin) is active, gregarious and plump. The pectoral fins and ventral fins are open and often paddle, and there are no white spots and white fluff-like mucus on the body. The tail and scales are congested and festered, and they do not often float on the water, nor do they lie on their side, stand upside down or sink to the bottom. Black and thick shit is healthy fish, and fish are looking for food.
Choose fish with obvious characteristics
All kinds of fish have the characteristics of this species: such as longevity head, lion head, crane top red, goose head red and other species, which are famous for their sarcoma on their heads. Therefore, we should choose the most developed and widest sarcoma on the gill cover of their heads. In addition, fish with red sarcoma, such as crane top red and goose head red, are all top grades with square red tops (the top of the head is darker when young). When choosing pearl oyster fish, we should pay attention to two kinds: big tail and small tail, and the big tail is better. However, no matter the big tail or the small tail, we should choose the small head with thick beads and scales, and arrange them neatly until the back, but the scales cannot be erected, otherwise most of them are scales. Abdominal distension is thick and round with smooth tail. This feature is purebred. Blisters or dzi beads are named according to the characteristics of the eyes, so choose round and symmetrical blisters and soft and transparent blisters. When choosing dzi beads, choose people with big eyes that protrude like chess pieces.
It has become an indisputable experience to raise fish first and then water. How to "raise" a mouthful of clear and nontoxic water at home is very important. Family fish farming is different from fish farming. The water space is narrow, and the water quality is required to be clear and transparent, which is convenient for viewing goldfish. Fish farms raise fish to make goldfish grow quickly. There are professional fish working hours to monitor the water quality, and the water body is wide and suitable for goldfish growth. Family goldfish has its own advantages. For example, the water temperature, because family fish farming is generally indoors, is not affected by wind and rain. Moreover, raising fish at home is convenient for water quality observation and drug control because of the small amount of water. Raising water for domestic goldfish is mainly related to the following five factors.
1 filtration system: Due to the high density of fish farming in China, it is difficult to remove impurities and wastes from water simply by decomposing water itself. Establishing a good filtration system can effectively maintain water quality. A good filtration system can integrate chemical, biological and physical filtration methods. Chemical filtration relies on special drugs to condense tiny suspended impurities in water, so as to precipitate them or physically filter them out. Bio-filtration is to use beneficial biological flora to decompose waste in water and decompose harmful substances into harmless substances. Physical filtration is to adsorb and filter out impurity particles through the tiny pores of the filter material. According to the characteristics of goldfish and family fish farming conditions, the following methods can be used to establish a filtration system. According to the size of the aquarium, an external filter is configured, which can be overhead or a filter bucket. The flow of water can be found in the description of the pump. Generally speaking, it is advisable to circulate water about 7 times per hour. For example, the volume of an aquarium with a length of 80, a width of 40 and a height of 40 is 1.28 liters, and the flow rate of the filter pump is 900 liters/hour. For larger aquariums, in order to prevent the water from flowing too fast, it is suggested to install a built-in filter at the entrance and an elbow at the exit to reduce the impact of the water on goldfish. Biochemical sponge and activated carbon are put in the filter box (barrel) and replaced according to the degree of water pollution. But too frequent replacement is not suitable for the establishment of beneficial biological flora. Generally 1 month can be replaced once.
Biodecomposition: In the natural environment, a large number of beneficial bacteria are attached to the places where rivers flow, and they can decompose metabolites and foreign pollutants produced by aquatic organisms. Keep water clean and harmless. Establishing beneficial flora in the aquarium can keep the water quality for a long time without changing water frequently. Adding nitrifying bacteria to the aquarium is a shortcut to establish a biological decomposition system. Nitrifying bacteria sold in the market are mainly divided into two categories, active nitrifying bacteria and artificial nitrifying bacteria. Active nitrifying bacteria take living flora as the main substance. Artificial nitrifying bacteria are substances that promote the growth of nitrifying bacteria in water. Active nitrifying bacteria take effect for a short time, and generally the effect is most obvious when the water temperature is 25-30 degrees within 2-5 days. But the storage time is short, usually less than 12 months. Artificial nitrifying bacteria have a long storage time, generally about 2 years, because they do not contain active strains. But it takes a long time to take effect. Before the establishment of biological system, water quality clarifiers can be used in combination.
3 fish density: no matter how big the fish tank is, the number of goldfish raised is limited. Goldfish are lively and active, and can eat and pull. The water quality of small tropical fish is difficult to maintain. Reasonable breeding density is very important for beginners. Usually 1 year-old goldfish will take up 10 liter of water. That is, an aquarium with a length of 80, a width of 40 and a height of 40 has a volume of 128 liters and can support 1 fish 12. No matter how high the density is, it is difficult to maintain water quality for a long time. In addition, different goldfish species have different requirements for breeding density, and rare species such as pearls, butterfly tails and blisters have smaller breeding density.
4 feed selection: goldfish feed also has a great relationship with maintaining water quality. Goldfish are omnivores. Food covers a wide range. Mainly includes: Daphnia, nematodes, hemoglobin, pellet feed, powder feed, sheet feed, etc. Live Daphnia is the best choice. Not only in food intake, Daphnia can also suck organic suspended solids in water. Moreover, the metabolites produced by goldfish are not easily dispersed. Nematodes, red blood worms and powdered feed may be attached to the sand bed or suspended in water, which is not conducive to the cleaning of water quality. High-quality synthetic feed will contain yeast, which can quickly decompose the metabolites of goldfish and help maintain water quality. Inferior synthetic feed not only has no nutrition, but also contains artificial pigments, which will discolor water. In addition, it is best not to use edible fish feed, such as crucian carp feed for goldfish, which will also pollute the water quality. When feeding, the filter system should be closed to avoid being sucked into the filter box, which will not only cause waste, but also mold and produce toxic substances in the filter box.
5. Fish culture environment: lighting, scenery, etc. It is also related to maintaining the water quality of the aquarium. Excessive light will cause a lot of algae in the water. Proper curtain covering and regular cleaning will be effective. Proper placement of sand bed at the bottom of aquarium will also be beneficial to water cleaning. It can not only adsorb impurities, but also provide a hotbed for nitrobacteria. Generally, the thickness is about 4 cm, and the particles are about 4 mm. The sand bed is too thin to be adsorbed. Too thick sand bed will make the bottom sand bed lack oxygen and cause biological corruption. If the particles are too large, the feed will sink into the gap, which is not conducive to goldfish eating; Too small is not conducive to the oxygen transfer between water flow and particles, and is also not conducive to the growth of nitrifying bacteria.
Pay attention to the above points, and you will definitely have a clear water tank to create an ideal living space for your beloved fish.
Water lifting skills:
Quickly establish benign water quality: add water quality stabilizer to tap water and put it into aquarium when the water temperature is the same as that of old water. Release active nitrifying bacteria, and put them into water quality clarifier for filtration after 1-2 days. Then add artificial nitrifying bacteria every week.
Goldfish has the reputation of "flower in water", and it is the dream of many fish friends to have a pleasing goldfish bowl. China is the hometown of goldfish, and goldfish can be found in ornamental fish markets in large and medium-sized cities. The ancestor of goldfish is crucian carp, which has gradually mutated after thousands of years of artificial breeding. At present, the main categories are: arowana, represented by longan and butterfly tail. The fish in this paper are represented by lion's head, pearls and hats. Eggs breed fish, represented by blisters, tiger heads and looking up to heaven. In recent 20 years, with the joint efforts of farmers and enthusiasts, some new goldfish varieties have appeared in China, such as: Fuzhou Lanshou, Hongtou Hutou, Crown Pearl and so on. As a goldfish lover, you can choose goldfish from the following five aspects.
1 Select an opportunity. Goldfish is different from tropical fish. It is usually cultivated in an outdoor fish farm. After thousands of years of reproduction, it has established its own biological clock. According to different regions, they lay eggs from February to June every spring. Generally, September-165438+ 10 is the best time for goldfish to be listed in that year. Goldfish in this period have been 3-6 months old, some species characteristics have been highlighted, fading has been completed, and they have preliminary ornamental characteristics. From July to August, you can see 2-4-year-old fish and goldfish in the following year in the market, and there are also many fine products. However, due to the high temperature, it is not conducive to the long-distance transportation of goldfish, so the supply is less.
2 choose varieties. According to different personal preferences, you can choose from dozens of existing varieties at will. But it is best to understand the differences of each variety before choosing, which is conducive to raising goldfish. For example, rubber balls, because of their large variation, short intestines and clumsy swimming, have much stricter requirements on the environment and need to be raised in clear water and shallow water, with excellent feed requirements and convenient entrance. Bubble goldfish is not suitable for mixed culture with other goldfish, and it is kept in a bare fish tank without any decorations, so as not to cause bubble damage. For beginners to raise goldfish, we can start with goldfish that is easy to raise and cheap. Such as Jin Wen (Liu Jin), Tianzhu and so on.
3 Choose a good product. Although China goldfish has been bred for thousands of years, it is still too short for a species. Therefore, many goldfish varieties are not very stable, and the output of individual new varieties is several ten thousandths. A goldfish has been kept at home for months or even years. Choose a good goldfish, you can get more beautiful enjoyment. The general principle is to choose goldfish with obvious variety characteristics, free swimming, well-proportioned figure and no disability.
The following table shows the characteristics of all kinds of goldfish:
Characteristics and shortcomings of classified varieties
The eyes of dzi beads are checkerboard, symmetrical and colorful. Elegant varieties with four-leaf tails are not expensive.
Butterfly's tail is plump, short and wide, just like peacock's tail hangs down easily.
The lion's head tumor is plump and not loose, which can partially wrap the eyes and swim freely, and the tail-shaped long head tumor is easy to fester.
The head tumor of the hat is plump and firm, and does not extend to the gills and fish. Tall, swimming freely, head tumor is easy to fester.
Pearl scales are prominent, scale-free, swimming freely, like a ball, with a sharp mouth and fine scales that are easy to fall off on the tail handle.
Jin Wen has a small head, a bulging back, a fat body and an elegant tail. Bright colors, no obvious defects.
Egg blisters are huge, symmetrical and transparent. Fish are short, and the blisters on their tails are easy to break.
Looking up at the sky, eyes up, fat body, smooth back, not suitable for aquarium viewing.
Tiger head tumor is rich, plump, short tail, easy to swim freely and grow into a fish.
Lan Shoutou's tumor is plump and compact, with a plump figure, an arc-shaped back and a 90-degree angle between the caudal fin and the spine, which is convenient for fish to plant their heads.
Not only that, good goldfish's fins are still intact, their egg backs are smooth, they are eager to feed and swim freely. Choosing a good product is like choosing jade in a stone, which is also the fun of choosing fish.
4. Choose the age of the fish. The life span of domestic goldfish is mostly 4-6 years, and 2-3 years is the best ornamental fish age. The goldfish species at this stage have obvious characteristics, strong body and swimming freely. It belongs to the old goldfish after 4-6 years. Its body color recedes, it is lazy to swim, its appetite weakens, and it is easy to get sick. The goldfish within 6 months, the body has just begun to develop, the variety characteristics are not obvious, and the color is not finalized. The rate of defective products is very high, and it is difficult to raise because of the family breeding conditions. Therefore, it is most suitable to choose goldfish aged 6- 18 months. At this stage, the goldfish has a strong appetite, swims freely, the species characteristics appear initially, and the price is reasonable. It can be kept at home for about 2 years.
5 Choose a color. Goldfish are rich in colors, including red, black, blue, purple, bronze, white and five flowers. Two or more colors can be matched to produce more combinations and interesting patterns. Such as: tricolor, magpie flower, jade printing head, crane top red and so on. Family members can choose according to their personal preferences and feeding environment. Goldfish are all gray in the juvenile stage, which is also a biological protective color. It usually changes color within 6 months. It is easy to produce some excessive colors and patterns before the age of 2. White and red are the most stable colors. Other colors will change according to the age of the fish and the feeding environment, especially the older goldfish.
Features of good make-up products: color changes with age.
Red is bright red, which is the top grade. When matched with other colors, the edge of the color block is clear. Yellow, red.
Blue is blue in blue, similar to blue-black ink, commonly known as ink blue is top-grade grayish white.
Black as ink, belly black and gray.
Purple is brownish red, and the body color is even yellow red.
Wuhua is dominated by light blue background, with four colors of black, red, yellow and white, and the red and white colors are uniform.
If you want to keep the color for a long time, you need to improve it from many aspects such as feed, water quality and illumination. This will be elaborated in another article.
Fish selection tips:
September-165438+ 10 is the best time to choose goldfish. Beginners can ask their friends or go to a big fish shop to buy them. The variety of goldfish is also very important.
Goldfish feed
Goldfish is an omnivorous fish with a wide range of food. This has brought great convenience to goldfish breeding. However, if you want to get a good feeding effect, you must carefully understand the habits of goldfish and the characteristics of various feeds, so that your feeding can be colorful and thrive. Good goldfish feed ingredients should include: protein, fiber, fat, vitamins and trace elements.
Goldfish feed is mainly divided into two categories: aquatic feed and synthetic feed.
Aquatic animal feed includes live or dry aquatic animals and plants that goldfish can eat. Including: Daphnia (commonly known as "red flea"), cyclops (commonly known as "green flea"), blood worm (commonly known as "red worm"), water earthworm (commonly known as "nematode"), duckweed and so on.
In all aquatic animal feeds, practice has proved that Daphnia is the most comprehensive nutrition and the most suitable feed for goldfish. Feeding with Daphnia, goldfish not only love to eat, but also digest well, and the metabolites produced are not easy to be turbid. Moreover, the living Daphnia can also swallow tiny pollutants suspended in the water, thus purifying the water quality (commonly known as "water intake"). However, Daphnia generally depends on the output of nature and is influenced by seasons and weather. Therefore, it can only be purchased in April-165438+ 10 every year, which can't meet the needs of domestic goldfish growth in one year. In addition, Daphnia is not easy to survive and will deteriorate in one day, so it is not easy for busy modern people to feed goldfish entirely by Daphnia. Freezing or drying in the sun can prolong the storage time, but its nutrients will also be lost a lot.
Other aquatic animals are not as comprehensive as Daphnia, and often carry germs, which causes goldfish to get sick. Therefore, disinfection and alternate feeding should be adopted to avoid the above shortcomings.
In recent ten years, synthetic feed has gradually appeared in the market, and the proportion of ingredients tends to be reasonable. It is not only sanitary and convenient to feed goldfish with synthetic feed instead of traditional aquatic feed, but also good results can be achieved as long as the feeding methods are mastered.
According to different forms, synthetic feed can be divided into four types: granular feed, powdery feed, flaky feed and flaky feed.
Granular feed: it is the most common goldfish feed. Generally, floating type is the majority. After the feed is put into use, the granular feed floats on the water surface, and the goldfish needs to swim to the water surface to open its mouth and swallow it. It is especially suitable for feeding goldfish looking up at the sky, which can keep goldfish looking up at food, thus maintaining the variety characteristics. Because the pellet feed is not heavy, it is not easy to leak into the cracks in the bottom sand of the aquarium, and corruption occurs. However, due to the influence of size and variety, goldfish that can only feed underwater will starve to death because they can't find food.
Powdered feed: fine particles can be used to feed young fish, which is common in feed varieties of edible fish. After the feed is put into use, the powdery feed slowly sinks, and goldfish can be used in