Connotation of Cultural Characteristics of Beijing Siheyuan
1: clan concept. The quadrangles in Beijing, including the grand Wang Fu and even the Forbidden City, are the reflection of the ritual system and the most full embodiment. The division of indoor and outdoor rooms in quadrangles embodies the concept of hierarchy. The location sequence arrangement of quadrangles "the northern house is the most important, the hatchback is the second, the seats are the guests, and the miscellaneous houses are attached" is completely a realistic transformation of life ethics.
2. Social stratum. The gates of the quadrangle are divided into Liangguang Gate, Zhu Jin Gate, Man Zi Gate and Ruyi Gate. Liang Guangmen is generally the gate of aristocratic residence; Door frames and doors are called Man Zi doors according to the doors installed on cornices. The grade is better than that of Liangguangmen, but it is consistent with Liangguangmen and Zhu Jin Gate on the whole. Don't go any further. It's Ruyimen.
No matter what the gate is, the owner of the quadrangle always tries his best to beautify it, because the gate is the face, representing the owner's identity and social status. The strict hierarchy is gone forever, but its remains still exist in Beijing quadrangles. In this sense, Beijing Siheyuan is a history book written with bricks and stones, and many things can be read.
Siheyuan is located in the hutong of Beijing, the hutong in the east-west direction, and there is a big row in the south, which is the quadrangle in the south; There is a big row in the north, which is the courtyard in the north. How many yards are there in a house? The courtyard runs through the central axis, the north room is the main room, the houses in the east and west directions are wing rooms, and the south gate opens to the north, so it is called inverted seat.
Small courtyard 13 rooms, and 25-40 rooms in the first or second courtyard of the compound are all single floors. The back wall of the wing is a courtyard wall, and the corner is bricked. The large quadrangle is surrounded by walls from the outside, all of which are high walls and do not open windows, showing defensive nature. The whole family is in the yard, and the people living in the yard are very comfortable. It is quiet with the door closed at night, which is suitable for family-centered reunion life.
During the day, the flowers and trees in the yard are beautiful, and at night, the flowers are overflowing and the air is fresh. In the evening, the family sits in the yard to enjoy the cool, rest, chat and drink tea, and the family is happy. No matter what family members do in the yard, they can't be seen by outsiders, which is in line with the habit of China people.
The design and construction of Beijing Heyuan Hospital are relatively easy, and the materials used are also very simple. The combination of steel bar and cement, blue brick, grey tile, brick and wood is not necessary, but it is of course a standard structure with wood as the main body, which is light in weight and not afraid of an earthquake, no matter how big the magnitude is, it shows that Heyuan Hospital can resist earthquakes. The overall color of the building is gray-blue, giving people a very simple impression and a very comfortable life.
The quadrangles in other areas are basically the same as those in Beijing, but they are large and small, high and low, and the materials and styles are similar. These quadrangles are an important architectural heritage of China people.
The difference between Peking Union Medical College Hospital and other local Union Medical College hospitals is that the surrounding area of Beijing is mainly quadrangles, with the central axis as symmetry, and the gate opens in the southeast of due south, which means the gate opens in the southeast of the yard. This is based on gossip. The main house is in the north, so if you want to build a house, you must open the door. The "door" is in the southeast, and money is inexhaustible in the southeast. It is better to be the "door" of the house.
So the gate of Beijing quadrangle is open in the southeast. This is based on the theory of geomantic omen, and it is only done around Beijing, but not in other places.