Battle of yashan
From 1235 to 1279, the Song and Mongolian (Yuan) Wars broke out in an all-round way, and the Song Dynasty was destroyed in the Battle of Yashan, which lasted nearly half a century. This is the longest, hardest and most intractable war that the Mongolian army has encountered since its rise. According to historical records, in February of A.D. 1279, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Army launched a great naval battle in Yamen Sea (now Jiangmen City) in Xinhui for more than 20 days. The two sides invested more than 500,000 troops and used more than 2,000 warships. In the end, Song Jun was completely annihilated, the warship sank, and 654.38 million corpses were floating at sea, which ended the Southern Song Dynasty.
Explain in detail:
This is a view widely spread by a group of modern nationalists. No one mentioned it first, but everyone agreed. It just shows that the Chinese culture and national pride have been completely lost under the invasion of foreign countries (the battle of destroying the cliff mountain in the Southern Song Dynasty).
Whether there will be China after the cliff is a controversial proposition. For more than 300 years, the Song Dynasty has always emphasized literature and suppressed martial arts, and was repeatedly humiliated by foreign enemies militarily, often called "weak Song". But on the whole, the Song Dynasty reached the peak of China feudal society in many aspects, such as economy, culture, science and technology, agriculture, industry and commerce, handicrafts and so on, and its achievements surpassed those of the Sui and Tang Dynasties before and the Ming and Qing Dynasties after. It is the only dynasty in China history that did not restrain industry and commerce and vigorously developed foreign trade. Despite the constant tribute, the annual revenue of the national treasury is still sufficient. There were only a few small-scale peasant uprisings at the end of the Song Dynasty, which should have its reasons. The Han civilization in the Song Dynasty was ahead of the world, full of humanistic spirit, advanced science and technology and rebellious spirit. After Mongolia swept Eurasia, it supported for decades. When Mongolian troops occupied northern China, their methods of genocide were extremely bad. Almost every city has a record of massacres. It is shocking that the Mongolian massacre caused a large population decrease in northern China. There are more than 45 million registered population in the north, but after the slaughter of cities in various places, it is less than 7 million, and this figure has been retained until the end of the Yuan Dynasty and even the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. It is not excluded that millions of people fled to the south, and people died of plague and hunger, so at least 80% were slaughtered. According to records, after the Song people arrived in the Central Plains, they found that there was no one in the Central Plains, there were bones everywhere, the wells were full of dead bodies, and water could not be drunk. When the Mongols captured Changsha, hundreds of Jinshi in Yuelu Academy all died heroically, but more than 300 years later, Emperor Chongzhen hanged Jingshan Park with only one eunuch around him, let alone a loyal minister like Lu Xiufu ... It can be said that the elite in China lost their hands. Since then, the Han civilization has never been revived, the development of civil society, new commercial economy and scientific and technological innovation are out of the question, and China has also lost its best development opportunity. Although the Han people succeeded in rejuvenating the country a hundred years later, the Ming dynasty was still greatly influenced by barbarians, turning back the clock, ignoring the value of life and restraining commercial trade. After being hit hard by northern riders, the Han people began to become conservative, and the ruling class was more cruel than the rulers of the Song Dynasty. In the following hundreds of years, most Han people were indifferent to foreign aggression.
China's civilization is independent, which can be said to be the largest primitive civilization except the western Christian civilization. Under the invasion and attack of nomadic people, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, after the war of Yashan, the whole perished in Mengyuan, and the accumulation of our civilization development was destroyed. It can be said that there is no China after Yashan.
Another way of saying it is:
It was after the First World War of Yashan in the Southern Song Dynasty that the national pride of China (mainly referring to the Han nationality in the Central Plains) was frustrated, the Han regime collapsed, and Chinese culture could not be passed down.
Specifically:
The Song-Meng (Yuan) War broke out in an all-round way from A.D. 1235 to the collapse of the Song family in A.D. 1279, which lasted nearly half a century. This is the longest, most exhausting and most intractable war since the rise of the Mongolian army. According to historical records, in February of A.D. 1279, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were with the Yuan Army. The two sides invested more than 500,000 troops and used more than 2,000 warships. In the end, Song Jun was completely annihilated, the warship sank, and there were 65,438+million floating corpses at sea, ending the Southern Song Dynasty.
Lu Xiufu, the minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, threw himself into the sea with his 9-year-old emperor on his back when the country was about to be destroyed by the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. He has been fighting nonstop for the revival of the Song Dynasty, but now he can't save it. "Your Majesty, you are an orthodox descendant of the Song Dynasty, and you should definitely make a decision not to insult your bloodline." "I see, show, you didn't betray me, from beginning to end in serving me. Thank you so much! " Shaodi said quietly with a smile. Facing the brave attitude of Shaodi, Lu Xiufu had to hold back his tears. "Your majesty ..." Lu Xiufu picked up the younger brother and tied it with a belt. "Mongolian army, one day, the compatriots who inherit our legacy will definitely conquer you!" In this way, Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea behind his back, followed by many loyal ministers, it is said that there are as many as 100 thousand. China in the classical sense also perished, and China died at the hands of nomadic people for the first time.
For more than 300 years, the Song Dynasty has always emphasized literature and suppressed martial arts, and was repeatedly humiliated by foreign enemies militarily, often called "weak Song". But on the whole, the Song Dynasty reached the peak of China feudal society in many aspects, such as economy, culture, science and technology, agriculture, industry and commerce, handicrafts and so on, and its achievements surpassed those of the Sui and Tang Dynasties before and the Ming and Qing Dynasties after. It is the only dynasty in China history that did not restrain industry and commerce and vigorously developed foreign trade. Despite the constant tribute, the annual revenue of the national treasury is still sufficient. There were only a few small-scale peasant uprisings at the end of the Song Dynasty, which should have its reasons. The Han civilization in the Song Dynasty was ahead of the world, full of humanistic spirit, advanced science and technology and rebellious spirit. After Mongolia swept Eurasia, it supported for decades. During this terrible period, a large number of people died of slaughter, plague and war. The population of China in the north has dropped by 80%, while that of China in the south has dropped by more than 30%. The whole Central Asia has almost become a no-man's land and desert, and the advanced irrigation system in the Middle East has been completely destroyed. Although the Mongols objectively helped the cultural exchanges between the East and the West, they did not show any cruel deeds of human nature, which is rare in the whole world history and is also rare compared with the atrocities committed by Japan in China. The Mongols' behavior at that time was just like Genghis Khan himself said: "The greatest pleasure in life is to kill the enemy, rob all his belongings, watch his relatives cry, ride his horse and rape his wife and daughter." .
The demise of the Southern Song Dynasty is a major turning point in the history of China, which not only marks the complete demise of the Han regime, but also marks the interruption of the bureaucratic system of combining industry and commerce, high technology, agriculture and imperial examination with clan, the limited imperial power at first and the advanced political system. The Yuan Dynasty, ruled by Mongols with relatively backward civilization, began to implement a closed and conservative, light industrial and commercial and more centralized system. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism was officially regarded as the main content of imperial examinations and official thoughts. Although the Han people successfully restored the country a hundred years later, the Ming Dynasty was still deeply influenced by barbarians, turning back the history, ignoring the value of life and restraining commercial trade. After being hit hard by northern riders, the Han people began to become conservative, and the ruling class was more cruel than the rulers of the Song Dynasty. In the following hundreds of years, most Han people were indifferent to foreign aggression. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, inherited and strengthened various systems of the Yuan Dynasty, while the imprisoned cultural thought, backward social system and political system reached their peak in the Qing Dynasty ruled by different nationalities until the Opium War.