First, the production conditions are different.
1. Absolute surplus value: the surplus value generated by absolutely extending the working day and thus extending the remaining working time under the condition that the necessary working time remains unchanged.
2. Relative surplus value: the surplus value generated by shortening the necessary labor time and correspondingly extending the surplus labor time under the condition that the working day length remains unchanged.
Second, the acquisition sources are different.
1, absolute surplus value: absolute surplus value is the surplus value obtained by the enterprise and created by the employees of the main enterprise.
2. Relative surplus value: Relative surplus value is the surplus value obtained by an enterprise and created by employees of other enterprises.
Extended data:
Capitalists try to extend the working day as much as possible in order to extract more surplus value. However, the extension of the working day is limited by the physiological and moral boundaries, especially the resistance struggle of the working class, which forces the bourgeoisie to make laws to limit the working day to a certain length.
Under the condition that the length of the working day remains unchanged, if capitalists want to improve the degree of exploitation of workers, they must change the proportion of the working day divided into necessary labor time and surplus labor time. The premise of changing this ratio is to shorten the necessary labor time.
Suppose the working day is 8 hours, in which the necessary working time and remaining working time are 4 hours each, and the surplus value rate is 100%. If the working day is still 8 hours, the necessary working time will be shortened from 4 hours to 2 hours, the remaining working time will be correspondingly extended from 4 hours to 6 hours, and the surplus value rate will be increased from 100% to 300%.
On the premise that the working day length is fixed, the necessary labor time is negatively correlated with the remaining labor time, and the shorter the necessary labor time, the longer the remaining labor time.
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