Taxus chinensis is a shallow-rooted plant with inconspicuous main roots and developed lateral roots. It is recognized as an endangered natural rare anticancer plant in the world. It is an ancient tree species left over from Quaternary glaciers, and has a history of 2.5 million years on the earth. Due to the slow growth rate and poor regeneration ability of Taxus chinensis under natural conditions, a large-scale raw material forest base of Taxus chinensis has not been formed in the world for a long time. China listed it as a first-class rare and endangered protected plant, and the United Nations explicitly prohibited its felling.
It likes humid environment, warm and humid climate, not only has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, insect resistance, strong germination ability, slow growth and long life, but also has high requirements for ecological environment in biological characteristics.
The growth conditions of wild yew are almost harsh, the growth area is narrow and the climatic conditions are harsh. Why can there be such a lush growth community in Ruyuan Mountain area? According to Mo Yibin, a local expert who has studied and protected this tree for many years, the unique geographical environment, humid climate, good ecological environment and strong protection of local people are indispensable. Da Qiao Town belongs to the alpine limestone mountainous area, with an average elevation of more than 800 meters, a temperature difference of 7℃ between day and night, and an annual average temperature of only 65438 07℃, which is quite suitable for the growth of Taxus chinensis.
Taxus cuspidata is suitable for planting in all parts of China, and has the characteristics of shade preference, drought tolerance and cold tolerance. The soil PH value is 55 ~ 70, which can be interplanted with other tree species or orchards, and the management is simple. Among them, Taxus cuspidata is an ancient tree species left over from the Quaternary Glacier, which has survived on the earth for more than 2.5 million years under harsh climatic conditions. It not only has developed lateral roots, lush foliage and strong germination, but also adapts to a wide range of climate, requires wide soil quality, and is resistant to pruning, cold and insect pests. But also can grow into towering trees, and some plants can even grow for thousands of years. It can be used as both a medicinal variety and a green variety. In folklore, Taxus cuspidata is known as the "sacred tree of geomantic omen".
Taxus chinensis is an evergreen tree with reddish-brown bark, shallow longitudinal crack, slightly curved sickle-shaped leaves, dark green leaves and two gray-green stomatal zones. Dioecious, with oblate seeds and solitary cones, flowering in March-April,165438+1October.
The seeds are ripe. Taxus mostly reproduce with seeds. 165438+ 10 seeds can be harvested when they are ripe, then the fleshy seed coat is cleaned and dried, then buried in a cool and dry place, covered with wet sand layer and covered with plastic film and grass curtain. summer
The seeds should be turned twice a month in autumn, and the seeds can be planted in early March of the following year. The seedbed should be a slightly acidic sandy loam with leeward and good drainage. The bed width is 1m, the ditch width is 40cm, the ridge rises from east to west, and the buried depth on both sides of the ridge is 25 meters.
Steel plate with height of 4 cm and depth of 10 cm. Bed soil requires intensive cultivation, and carbofuran is applied to prevent underground pests. Use vermiculite, river sand, peat and garden soil, and add carbendazim or thiophanate methyl to kill.
Microbial agents, mixed into matrix and filled in the steel plate, 3 ~ 5 cm higher than the middle of the side plate. Covering with plastic film, sealing and fumigating for 3-5 days to sow. Seeds are evenly spread on the bed surface, and the sowing amount is about 200 seeds per square meter.
After sowing, flatten it slightly with a wooden board, cover it with mixed matrix soil with a thickness of 1 ~ 2cm, and cover it with straw curtain or plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention. When the weather is dry, spray water properly, and it will germinate and emerge after 40 days. At this time, the plastic film or straw curtain should be removed.
Build a 2-meter-high shade shed above the seedbed and cover it with a sunshade net to prevent direct sunlight. Keep the seedbed moist. Build a low arch shed in rainy days and cover it with plastic film to prevent the seedbed from getting too wet. Do a good job in drainage and ventilation of seedbed and prevent it in time.
Control pests and diseases. Apply decomposed light cake fertilizer every 10 day at seedling stage, and avoid using chemical fertilizer and concentrated fertilizer. After one year's careful maintenance and management, the seedling height can reach 15 ~ 25 cm, with 2 ~ 3 branches. Early April may be
To transplant. The planting site should be leeward, dry, slightly acidic sandy soil rich in humus, with a depth of 20 cm and 5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per square meter. Raise the ridge and dig a deep ditch, with the ridge width of 100 cm and the ditch width of 30 cm.
rice. There are 5 rows in each row, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is15cm. Transplanting should be done on cloudy days, and soil balls should be planted. Water it once immediately after transplanting, and build a 2-meter-high shade shed on it for shade in sunny days.
You can take the net away in rainy days and at night. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water during the growth period, and generally apply fertilizer and water to the decomposed cake once every 10 day. Do a good job in pest control management. Strengthen shading and cooling in summer, and spray water to cool down when necessary, so as to
Creating a cool and humid environment is conducive to the growth of seedlings. Taxus chinensis is not only the first-class material for making high-grade furniture, but also a medicinal material with great medicinal value and an excellent tree species for landscaping. With the development of artificial propagation and artificial cultivation technology,
With the maturity and development of Taxus chinensis, its application will be more extensive.
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Taxus China
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Loam is the best soil for Taxus chinensis, as well as peat soil and perlite. The substrate mix with loam can also be selected. Water conservation, fertilizer conservation and ventilation are beneficial to the growth of yew. Although clay retains water and fertilizer, it is airtight, which is not conducive to the growth of Taxus chinensis.
Growth and development of root system. Although sandy soil is breathable, it has poor fertilizer and water conservation, which is not conducive to the growth of Taxus chinensis. The best illumination of Taxus chinensis is 7 ~ 1 1 every morning, about 4 hours every day, and it is shorter in summer.
The lighting time can be longer in autumn and spring. However, insufficient light also affects the photosynthesis and growth of Taxus chinensis.
Stem rot of Taxus chinensis is one of the most harmful diseases in the growth period of Taxus chinensis cuttings. After 2 months, the stem base of Taxus chinensis cuttings (the junction of underground and aboveground cuttings)
Stem rot occurred one after another, starting from a single plant and then spreading to a whole cluster, causing the leaves of the ear to lose their green, die and fall off. Because the disease mainly occurs in the hot season of summer and autumn, cuttings are damaged by high temperature of soil and invaded by bacteria.
The entry provides conditions, and the occurrence and prevalence of the disease mainly depend on the temperature in July and August. If the disease occurs earlier, the seedlings have weak heat tolerance and the disease will be more serious.
Preventive and control measures
1. Reduce the surface soil temperature of seedbed in summer and autumn to prevent the stem base of seedlings from being burned and avoid the invasion of germs caused by wounds;
two