Why build the Terracotta Warriors?

In order to prevent ghost soldiers from attacking Qin Shihuang's mausoleum from underground, three or four groups of ghost soldiers were arranged to look after Qin Shihuang's body one and a half kilometers east of the mausoleum, so that the six countries would not send killers like Jing Ke to assassinate him again.

Why build terracotta warriors and horses?

Why did Qin Shihuang build Terracotta Warriors in history?

For the funeral, of course.

According to Records of the Historian, Qin Shihuang began to build a cemetery when he ascended the throne at the age of 13. Prime Minister Li Si was responsible for the planning and design, and General Zhang Han supervised the work. It took 58 years to build.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, located at Lingdong 1500m.

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor not only set up a mausoleum city in the history of China Mausoleum, but also built a sleeping hall and a toilet hall, which also pioneered the large-scale construction of grave pits.

Before the Qin dynasty, there was no sacrifice to the late king in the cemetery, and Qin Shihuang built a sleeping hall in the cemetery for the first time. There are two city walls in mausoleum of the first qin emperor, and the plane is zigzag. Lingshan is located in the south-central part of the inner city wall. There is a sleeping hall 50 meters northwest of the mausoleum. The base site we can see now is nearly square, covering an area of 3,500 square meters, and there are other architectural sites nearby. In the sleeping hall, there is a statue of Qin Shihuang, which is used for sacrifice and ancestor worship. This mausoleum system had a far-reaching influence on later generations, and was imitated by later emperors' tombs until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is also a development of ancient funeral culture in China.

Why should we develop and build Terracotta Warriors and Horses now?

As one of the most important archaeological remains of mankind, the terracotta warriors and horses have always attracted the attention of the world. From the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors to the present, the Terracotta Warriors have experienced several large-scale excavations, and in the eyes of the world, their appearance is becoming more and more complete.

The Terracotta Warriors Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China. 198 1 year, the people of China and the State Council designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The first comprehensive archaeological investigation of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum began in 1920. 1982, archaeologists drew the first plane layout of the cemetery. After testing, the cemetery covers an area of 56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden City, which caused a sensation in the archaeological community. 1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty made all the people in China proud and amazed the people all over the world!

Why did the Qin Dynasty build Terracotta Warriors?

There are many sayings:

Some people think that the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was designed in essence according to the ancient etiquette requirements of "death is like life". Because after Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, most of his energy and time were spent on the war to unify the whole country. At that time, he led thousands of troops to fight in the north, thus annexing six countries and unifying the world. In order to show his achievements before his death, it seems inevitable to be buried with him in the form of an army.

Most scholars believe that the toilet in Qin Bing is a part of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, which reflects the military situation of Qin Shihuang before his death, but there are differences on specific issues.

One view is that the large-scale group sculptures of Qin Jun unearthed in Qintong pit are the symbol of Qin Shihuang's establishment and strengthening of centralization; The large number of soldiers and toilets in Qintongkeng is an image record of the powerful military strength under the rule of Qin Shihuang. In a sense, it can also be said to be the symbol of Qin Shihuang's eastern patrol escort.

One view is that the toilet pit in Qin Jun symbolizes the troops stationed outside the capital, and it can be called the guards. Take the No.1 soldier toilet army array alternating with chariots and infantry as the right army; The toilet pit of the No.2 soldier is mainly composed of chariots and cavalry, which is Zuo Jun; The unfinished abandoned pit should be No.4 pit, which is the proposed Zhong Jun; The toilet pit of the No.3 soldier is the right, left and middle armed forces commanded by the shogunate. The pit itself symbolizes the barrier of the garrison. Defending the capital by the three armed forces is the embodiment of Qin Shihuang's desire to strengthen centralization and safeguard national unity.

One view is that there is no pit 4, and the terracotta warriors and horses are composed of regular soldiers, strange soldiers and headquarters, thus denying the theory of the three armies.

One view is that the toilet array of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is an unfinished project, and all of them should have 50 thousand toilet pits. This huge army array is equipped with troops in front, back, left, right and middle, which is actually the most basic array method practiced in the Qin Dynasty. One of the characteristics of square formation is "thin in the middle and thick in the square". China's army, Serenade, received more soldiers from four peripheral teams. The military array of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses is configured according to the square matrix method of "thin with medium and thick with square".

One view is that the three pits of terracotta warriors and horses are not symbols of the left, middle and right armed forces, but reflect the three components of the Central Army in the Qin Dynasty. The third pit is by no means what people usually call the headquarters, but should be the palace guard Lang Wei who symbolizes the command of the doctor. Pit No.1 is a reflection of the Miyagi Guards under the jurisdiction of Wei Wei, or the Confederate Army. The second pit reflects the capital garrison commanded by the lieutenant, which can be called the North Army.

Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors?

I have read a short story before, saying that Qin Shihuang's Yin and Yang teachers and astrologers chose a treasure trove of geomantic omen, saying that there is a dragon lurking here, and it would be nice to bury it there, but once construction starts, the dragon will fly away, kill the soldiers and suppress the dragon soul with the blood of the soldiers, but this is cruel. It was suggested that a stone man should be used instead, and the whole mountain should be locked with a big lock, so that the dragon could not fly. Of course, I don't know the truth of this story, but there is no doubt that the Terracotta Warriors are either the wishes of soldiers or superstitious ideas. The so-called soldier's last wish is that many generals who lead troops to fight have a complex. It is not surprising that after their death, they have to metabolize armor and bury halberds, and Qin Huang swept across Liuhe Pingyu. But about the Terracotta Warriors, it is said that it is his fake tomb! Qin Shihuang was not buried there. There may be an ending in the future, so let's wait and see!

Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors?

I have read a short story before, saying that Qin Shihuang's Yin and Yang teachers and astrologers chose a treasure trove of geomantic omen, saying that there is a dragon lurking here, just bury it there, but once construction starts, the dragon will fly away, kill the soldiers and suppress the dragon soul with the blood of the soldiers, but this is cruel. It was suggested that a stone man should be used instead, and the whole mountain range should be locked with a big lock, so that the dragon could not fly. Of course, I don't know the truth of this story, but there is no doubt that the Terracotta Warriors are either the wishes of soldiers or superstitious ideas. The so-called soldier's last wish is that many generals who lead troops to fight have a complex. It is not surprising that after their death, they have to metabolize armor and bury halberds, and Qin Huang swept across Liuhe Pingyu. But about the Terracotta Warriors, it is said that it is his fake tomb! Qin Shihuang was not buried there. There may be an ending in the future, so let's wait and see!

Why build Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

According to scientists' speculation, what you like best before you die is usually what you want after you die. Qin Shihuang liked an army very much before his death, so he asked someone to build the Qin Terracotta Warriors for him. These Qin terracotta warriors and horses are different.

There are many sayings:

One view is that there is no pit 4, and the terracotta warriors and horses are composed of regular soldiers, strange soldiers and headquarters, thus denying the theory of the three armies.

Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors?

First of all, Qin Shihuang was a brilliant monarch, even an emperor through the ages. His purpose is to take his achievements underground, continue to fight for himself in all directions, and show his majesty as the overlord. In addition, Qin Shihuang was superstitious, as can be seen from the fact that Xu Fu was asked to ask for an elixir. He is afraid that after his death, he will be haunted by the ghosts of his enemies, especially those from the six countries. He can continue to fight for himself with the soldiers who conquered the six countries.

Why build Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses?

According to historical records, when Qin Shihuang ascended the throne at the age of 13, he began to build a cemetery, which was planned and designed by Prime Minister Lisi and built by General Zhang Han, and lasted for 38 years.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, located at Lingdong 1500m. The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are inclined doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. The terracotta warriors and horses pits have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west load-bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses set up stalls in the pit.

Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum?

Seeing death as life China has been paying attention to "seeing death as life" since ancient times, thinking that there will be a ghost world after death. If everything before his death is taken underground, his life in the underworld will be the same as before.

So archaeologists speculated that these terracotta warriors and horses were the guardians of Qin Shihuang's underworld. The first emperor did not use live horses as living sacrifices, and his guards were all made by skilled craftsmen. Are these terracotta warriors and horses the last evidence of the Qin Mausoleum?

Archaeological studies show that the manufacturing age of these terracotta warriors and horses began in about 22 1 BC, when Qin unified the whole country, and ended in 209 BC, which lasted about 10 years, requiring the joint efforts of tens of thousands of craftsmen.

If the layout of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty is modeled after the shape of the political center of the Qin Dynasty and Xianyang, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit symbolizes the army of the underground kingdom of the Qin Mausoleum, that is, a ghost army!

Following the discovery of the first Terracotta Warriors pit in 1974, in the first half of 1975, the second pit and the third pit of terracotta warriors were discovered one after another. The three pits are basically arranged in zigzag, with a total area of over 20,000 square meters. There are more than 7,000 terracotta warriors and horses, and more than 0/00 wooden chariots. The three terracotta warriors and horses pits are all underground tunnel-type civil structures, which are separated from each other, self-contained, closely linked and integrated, and together form a huge and tight underground military camp.

1979, archaeologists discovered a bronze chariot pit 20 meters west of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, which reflected the east-west trend of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit and became another major archaeological discovery in China.

The main body of bronze chariots and horses is bronze casting, and some of them are gold and silver ornaments. Each part is cast separately, and then a plurality of parts are assembled into a whole through various mechanical connection processes, such as embedded casting, welding, bonding, riveting, snap fastening, buckle fastening, pin connection, etc. Full-body painting, the horse is white, and the pigments used for painting are mineral pigments mixed with glue, and the three-dimensional lines are shaped with the concentration of glue.

In addition to the three pits, there is also a No.4 pit that has only been excavated and expanded, and there is no time to lay bricks and shed wood, and it has not been put into the Terracotta Warriors. According to the survey, No.4 pit covers an area of more than 4,000 square meters. Although it is rarely mentioned, it is not dispensable because these four pits constitute a complete military establishment system. Three are short of one, leaving historical defects.

The three pits for burying this ghost army are different: the first pit of Terracotta Warriors seems to be an infantry unit; Pit 2 is a multi-armed special force composed of cavalry, chariots and infantry (including drivers); Pit No.3 seems to be the command organ in charge of Pit No.1 and Pit No.2. ..

There are more than 7000 terracotta warriors and horses, 100 chariots, 400 terracotta warriors and horses and hundreds of thousands of weapons in the three pits. The discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Mausoleum is known as "the eighth wonder of the world" internationally. Since 1975, the state has built exhibition halls on three pits for public display, and the second pit was exhibited while excavating. The terracotta warriors and horses in the No.1 pit are arranged in the east-west cross hole of1/kloc-0. The armored warriors with arrows and spears and six chariots are staggered on the east side of the March 8th Road, forming the main force of the main body of the military array. In front of the main force are three rows of horizontal teams, with 70 warriors in each row, each holding a bow and arrow, each commanding and commanding, forming the vanguard of the whole array. On the other three sides, there are a series of samurai statues facing south, north and west, which seem to be flanks and guards to prevent the enemy from attacking from the wings and behind. (Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang)

Qin terracotta warriors and horses are made of simulated people and real horses. Warrior figurines are 1.8 meters high, with different faces and dignified demeanor. According to their costumes, bellies and arrangement positions, they can be divided into generals, military attaché s, material officers, archers, warriors and soldiers, as well as the unique kneeling figures and pommel horse cavalry figures in the No.2 pit, which vividly reproduce the magnificent military capacity of Qin Shihuang in conquering the four seas and unifying the six countries. The unearthed weapons are even more surprising. These chrome-plated bronze weapons are still cold and shiny, as sharp as new. The chrome plating of bronze weapons proves that this technology in China is more than 2 1937 years ahead of the technology created by German as an invention patent.

In addition, the museum also displayed two groups of bronze chariots and horses unearthed next to the mausoleum. Each group has a car and four horses. The car cover is gorgeous, the window is hollowed out and carved, and there are gold and silver staggered patterns on the saddle. Every car has a hand figurine, which is really an artistic treasure of the Qin Dynasty.

However, the rediscovery of terracotta warriors and horses has brought another layer of fog to people. Why did Qin Shihuang use so many clay figurines to bury him?

Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors?

"He wants to conquer foreign enemies and destroy the six countries;

He wants to conquer nature and build the Great Wall.

He wants to conquer death and send Xu Fu to sea.

He wants to conquer the underworld and build terracotta warriors and horses;

He just didn't beat himself. "

-Yan Jiangang believes that the core of Qin Shihuang's personality is the word "conquest".

■ Is Qin Huang on TV the same as Qin Huang in history? Why hasn't it been filmed for six years?

Reporter: It is reported that Qin Shihuang's position is historical drama. So, what is the coincidence between Qin Huang played by ZhangFeng yi and Qin Huang in history?

Yan Jiangang: Yes. This is the first historical drama in Chinese mainland that reflects the life of Qin Shihuang. Regarding the degree of conformity, I can answer you like this: for major historical facts, we strictly follow the conclusive historical facts, and the spirit of the times cannot be changed; We have no choice but to choose one of the controversial issues in the historical field; In details, give full play to your artistic imagination and start artistic creation. After all, TV plays depend on stories. Just like playing football, you can't foul, but you can collide reasonably. For example, "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin", the framework and context of the story should conform to historical facts, but I have room for artistic creation in the psychology and motivation of the characters. In short, serious attitude and good story.

Reporter: Since it is very serious, why did it take six years?

Yan Jiangang: The events of stabbing Qin, destroying six countries and building the Great Wall are definitely in line with the historical truth. We have a historical advisory group, and the screenwriter and I have read almost all the historical materials we can find about Qin Shihuang, starting with Historical Records. As for whether he is Lv Buwei's illegitimate child, there is no definite conclusion in this field of history, so we can only take a certain view. Some historians may question this choice, but if we change our point of view, historians who hold another point of view may have different views ―― I don't understand why we should postpone it, and that may be the crux.

■ What's the difference between your Qin Huang and those in Chen Kaige and Zhang Yimou?

Reporter: Qin Shihuang is a frequent object in film and television works. Chen Kaige's "Qin" and Zhang Yimou's "Hero". What's unique about your Qin Huang?

Yan Jiangang: We have different views on Qin Shihuang, so we express different views. I think he is an emperor with extraordinary life energy. About 30 years from his real mastery of political power to his death, he created many firsts in the history of China! We should make him a great hero. Moreover, the core of his character can be summed up in one word: conquest.

He wants to conquer foreign enemies and destroy the six countries; He wants to conquer the old system and habits, unify words and weights and measures, and establish a county system; He wants to conquer nature and build the Great Wall. He wants to conquer death and send Xu Fu to sea. He wants to conquer the underworld and build terracotta warriors and horses; He just didn't beat himself.

Reporter: How do you think this hero came into being?

Yan Jiangang: Times make heroes. The pre-Qin period was the golden age in the cultural history of China. It was an era of flaunting vitality and advocating heroes. Active thinking, economic development and technological progress. This era finally produced Qin Shihuang.

■ How to treat the cruelty of Qin Shihuang?

Reporter: Not only is there a heroic side? He also burned books to bury Confucianism.

Yan Jiangang: Qin Shihuang was multifaceted. He has his limitations. We don't beautify, we don't hide. 7 is 7, not 10. His cruelty, his tyranny and the tragedy he caused are all reflected in the play. We also try to interpret Qin Huang from more angles. For example, building the Great Wall. We not only embody the national will to defend the national territory, but also express the cruelty this behavior brings to ordinary people through Meng Jiangnv. Qin Shihuang was not sympathetic to the people's strength, and one labor followed another, which made the people miserable, and we also reflected.

But I want to emphasize one point: as far as "reunification" is concerned, we basically affirm his achievements. In the words of Qin Shihuang, in 10, the six countries were destroyed and many people died; But if the country is not unified, how many people died in the Warring States for hundreds of years? How many people will die in the future? He destroyed the war with war and suppressed the violence with violence, which promoted the progress of history.

■ What is the reason for the hit? "We are not shooting for the Warring States!"

Reporter: We learned that the drama was broadcast in non-prime time after 10 every night, but the audience rating reached 2.6%, which exceeded the historical drama in prime time. What do you think is the reason?

Yan Jiangang: There are many reasons. One of them is probably its modernity. We filmed it not for the Warring States, but for the common people today. The heroic complex, great virtue, great atmosphere, sense of responsibility, vitality and even the spirit of reform in the Warring States period are also needed today. We are today ......