197 1 36 bronzes 136 pieces were unearthed in Nanmen Cave, Taiping, Luoding, most of which were ritual vessels and weapons, such as ding and a set of sacrificial bronze bells. The bronze spear engraved with the word "Wang" and the cylinder engraved with a human head show the strength of the holder, indicating that the slavery regime established by the Vietnamese themselves appeared in Nanjiang area long before the Central Plains people entered.
The decorative patterns and crafts of some bronzes have more Lingnan characteristics, and have the characteristics of Ouyue culture. The bronze drums of Han Dynasty found locally are consistent with those of Guangxi Beiliu. These archaeological discoveries not only rewritten the history of Lingnan's bronze-free culture, but also showed that the Yue culture in Nanjiang Valley was very developed at that time, and it was one of the most developed areas in ancient Lingnan economy and culture. In the pre-Qin period, the Chu people in the north had already begun to expand to the south. Many pre-Qin cultural relics found in Zhanjiang and other coastal areas have obvious Chu culture style. The tombs and bronzes of the Warring States unearthed in Luoding and Yunnan also have the characteristics of Chu culture.
Qin Shihuang unified China, and Qin Jun crossed Nanling, and went south from Du 'anling Canal and Xiaohe Ancient Road to Guangxin (now Wuzhou, Guangxi) on the other side of Nanjiang River Basin. After crossing the river, it continued south along Nanjiang until it reached the South China Sea coast. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were the most counties here, which also brought the Central Plains culture to the local area. Before the Ming Dynasty, Luoding area was the base camp of Yao nationality in Lingnan. Although the number of Yao people decreased later, its cultural influence still exists today. Nanjiang river basin is a mixed area of Han, Yao and Zhuang, which is deeply influenced by Zhuang culture. Many local place names begin with the words "Liu", "Du" and "Yin", all of which are derived from Zhuang language. It can be said that Nanjiang culture is the crystallization of multiculturalism and constitutes a local culture with a long history, rich inside information and distinctive features. Brilliant history has created and passed on a rich and splendid cultural heritage.
Historically, the Nanjiang river basin is a place where outstanding people and outstanding people are outstanding. The source of Nanjiang is the place where the ancient Vietnamese lived in compact communities, where the leader of South Vietnam, Mrs. Xian, was born. Her historical legend and memorial site, Sendai Temple, has become a hot spot of local tourism. Xialu Village, a comprehensive town in Xinxing County, is the former residence of Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, and Xinzhou Guoen Temple is his hometown. The Zen doctrine inherited and carried forward by the six ancestors has influenced the Buddhist circles in China so far. President Mao Zedong spoke highly of him. In Songgui Town, Yunan County, a memorial hall for Zhang Yuanxun was built, and a new temple for Zhang Yuanxun was built in Liantan Town to commemorate Zhang Yuanxun, the "general of protecting the country" in the Ming Dynasty. People regard Zhang Gong as the patron saint to commemorate him defending his homeland and making the local people live and work in peace and contentment. Zhanggong Temple keeps burning incense all year round.
General Cai Tingkai, a famous patriotic general and anti-Japanese hero, also went to the battlefield from his hometown of Luo Jing, luoding city. He led the 19th Route Army to rise up against Japanese aggression and won great victories in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Shanghai and Shanghai, and his heroic achievements will go down in history. What best reflects the intelligence of Nanjiang people is the various and distinctive buildings scattered in Nanjiang River Basin. In Pingtang Town, luoding city, there is a dragon niche Dojo (Buddhist temple) built in the Tang Dynasty. Its "Dragon Cave Dojo Inscription" is a cliff stone carving, known as "the first Tang sculpture in Lingnan", and other contemporary buildings include Kaiyuan Temple. The bank of Nanjiang River was built in Luoding Pagoda in Ming Dynasty, with a height of 13. It was once one of the eight scenic spots in Longzhou. Gong Xue in Luoding, Qingge Academy and other ancient buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty, which are large in scale and have been well preserved so far. They are all provincial cultural relics protection units.
Shiqiaotou Village, Xiba, Liantan Town, Yunan County, was built in the "Guangyi House" during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, and villagers called it "Castle of Qing Dynasty". The owner of this mansion is just a common people selling oil and tofu. The owner's name is Qiu Guangyi (also known as Qiu Guanger, the homonym of "Qi" and "Er" in Cantonese). The big house covers an area of 10 mu. The whole building is square and surrounded by a wall with a thickness of L meters. The highest point of the city wall is13m. The internal structure is five in and five out, with a total of 36 rooms. It is said that every room is a family. At the peak of population density, there were more than 700 people. Except, the rest are descendants of Qiu. There are patios, threshing floors, halls, home ownership houses and warehouses in the house, like an independent small kingdom. The big house has been carefully designed in terms of fire prevention, flood control and theft prevention, which embodies the strong will and unique wisdom of the people to survive.
In addition to the characteristic houses such as Guangyi Dawu, there are a large number of relatively unified ancient folk villages with Nanjiang cultural characteristics. The layout of these village buildings basically has a center, such as ancestral hall and social altar. Although other buildings are scattered, they are all concentrated in one center, which reflects the diversity and openness of local societies. For buildings with higher grades, there are prominent arcs on both sides of gables, which are shaped like cymbals, and some of them are also built in front of and behind the homestead, becoming the main external decoration, moving from practicality to art, which is the local characteristic of residential houses in Nanjiang River Basin.
Within 2 square kilometers of Dawan Town, Yunan County, as many as 46 such buildings were built from the first year of Xianfeng to the early years of the Republic of China, of which 16 was a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. Stepping into the ancient village, you can see cymbals lined up in the distance. Each big house covers an area of 1 1,000 to 2,000 square meters, which is patchwork. The single building has wide facade, high clearance, good ventilation and lighting, and spacious patio. There is often a small courtyard with a flower diameter in front of and behind the house. The building rhythm is slow, peaceful and open, which is quite different from the tense atmosphere of Guangyi House. There are many ingenious gray carvings, wood carvings, murals, ridges and so on. Roofs and gables have diverse themes and gorgeous styles. Willow, mango, litchi, loquat, longan, papaya, yellow peach and pomegranate are often planted in bamboo shed.
The most representative is the "Kaibo House", whose layout is elegant and awe-inspiring. The gate is surrounded by a one-meter-high low wall, and the Doumen couplet is "My home is lovely, I want to do what I want", and the owner's confidence is clear at a glance. The building materials and decorative materials of the room are very particular. There are four wooden pillars about 6 meters high and 27 centimeters in diameter in the hall. The wood carvings on the door partition are coated with fluorescent materials, which emit faint green light at night, which is rare in residential buildings in other parts of Lingnan. The four colored gray sculptures in the open air on the side wall have not faded after 100 years of wind and rain. Among them, a pine tree with two lions in Ruili is even more confusing. Even a bird can't tell the difference between true and false, and it has built a nest on it, which has become another elegant legend of Qibo Prefecture.
In 2006, Liantan Town and Dawan Town were both rated as "the most beautiful villages in Guangdong". Yunan County has reached cooperation with relevant investors in Hong Kong to develop the ancient residential buildings in Dawan and Guangyi Dawu tourism projects, and signed contracts with seven travel agencies in Hong Kong to take Nanjiang cultural tourism as the tourism content. Besides the material cultural heritage, there are many intangible cultural heritages in Nanjiang Valley. In Guangdong and Guangxi, all places that love to sing folk songs claim to be the hometown of Sanjie Liu, and Luoding and Xinxing are the most popular places. People respect Sanjie Liu as a singing fairy. There is a Xiangu Temple in Shi Ying Mountain, and there is also a Xiangu Temple in Chentangxia Village to worship this singing fairy. In front of the temple, there is a duet venue the size of a small football field. Longshui folk songs and Liantan folk songs are popular in Nanjiang Valley. In Xinyi, Luoding, Yunnan and other places, ancient folk songs have been handed down to this day, and only tens of thousands of them have been sorted out, which shows the prosperity of their culture. It is impossible to verify when Nanjiang folk songs appeared, but in the lyrics, there are still many classical Chinese elements in the dialect, which shows that they have been circulating for a long time. Nanjiang folk songs have various forms and a wide range of themes, including tea picking songs, dragon boat songs, jingles, flower selling songs, bamboo branches and so on. Songs are mostly about real life, longing for a better future, confession of admirers, ridicule of bad phenomena, and feelings and expressions in the form of songs and duets.
Of course, singing and dancing are inevitable. On the fifteenth to twentieth day of the first month of every year, it is on the beach of Tan Town, Yunan County.
Then the bonfire. A group of dancers wore masks and faded hats, stepped on Ma Xie, dressed in black, and held torches. They sang and danced around the bonfire. This is the "living fossil" in dance-Helou Dance, which is said to have a history of more than 400 years. "Climb The Upper Terrace, jump on the grass, and celebrate the harvest with good weather." The torch lit up the red river beach and attracted people from far and near to join in the fun until late at night.
In addition to the ancient dances in He Lou, the traditional dances in Nanjiang Valley include Kirin White Horse Dance, Liantanshan Song and Dance and Luoding Hakka Spring Cow Dance. Yunan County is famous for its folk art, and Lianhuai Town, which enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of Chinese folk art", holds Liantan Folk Art Festival with strong local characteristics every year. It was originally developed from a "temple fair" held to commemorate the birthday of Guangdong company commander Zhang Yuanxun. Today, the art festival has been upgraded to a folk cultural event in Nanjiang River Basin and Xijiang River Basin.
At that time, folk songs, Cantonese opera, singing and dancing, eight tones, lions going upstairs, burning iron cannons, fireworks, basketball games and other cultural activities will be staged one after another; Eight Immortals' Birthday, Su Qin Carriage, Six-country Seal, Seven Fairy Scattered Flowers, Kirin White Horse, Tian Ji Songzi, Five Horses Tour the City, and Official Car Tour. Yunfu City also organized Nanjiang Song and Dance Troupe to perform and exchange in Norway, and promoted Nanjiang folk art abroad. In terms of faith, people in Nanjiang Valley worship both Pangu and Tianhou. Pangu was originally a god worshipped by all ethnic groups in the south and a hero who created the world. Yao people regard him as their ancestor. Tianhou is the god worshipped by fishermen on the seashore, and the embodiment of the daughter of the sea, guarding people who sail and fish in the ocean. In Shangpai Village at the source of Nanjiang, there is a "Tian Kai Temple", which is still full of pilgrims. The couplets on both sides of the temple read "Open the sky and expose the sun and the moon, break the ground and drink dry Kun". There are Pangu Temple and Tianhou Palace in Yunnan and other places, which shows that there is a certain connection with the ocean. This dual belief fully shows the uniqueness of the integration of mountain culture and marine culture in Nanjiang River Basin.