There are omens before the earthquake. Now we know that this omen is: the groundwater becomes turbid, the flowers turn over, bubbles, and tastes bad; Chickens, ducks, pigs and sheep run around screaming; The mouse escaped and the fish jumped around on the water. This situation indicates that the earth's crust will bend, fold and fracture, and earthquakes will occur. At present, it is difficult for any country in the world to accurately predict earthquakes, and China's earthquake prediction can be said to be in the leading position in the world. Most earthquake predictions can show that earthquakes may occur in a certain area within a certain period of time. 1976, before the Tangshan earthquake, there was an earthquake of magnitude 6 or above in Haicheng, Liaoning Province. Before the earthquake, the government repeatedly urged all indoor personnel to be placed in the earthquake shed and repeatedly preached earthquake knowledge to minimize casualties. Therefore, the key to earthquake prevention lies in timely prediction, full preparation, and mastering the knowledge of earthquake rescue.
Second, make a family earthquake prevention plan.
Once an earthquake occurs, our power supply, water supply, heating system, transportation system, daily necessities supply system, information system and medical and health system may be damaged to some extent, affecting people's normal life. Therefore, it is necessary to make a good family earthquake prevention plan.
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate hanging objects in high places indoors, items placed vertically on cabinets and wooden frames, and change their placement positions and ways so that they are not easily knocked down and injured. At the same time, all inflammable and explosive articles should be removed. The bed should be removed from the glass window. Stick a piece of shatterproof tape on the window. Shockproof equipment should be packed in a place where it is easy to grab. In order to get out of danger, you may only have time to grab one item, and all the emergency items are in it, which will help you tide over the difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water and medicines to prevent influenza and dysentery.
Third, schools should be prepared before the earthquake.
Knowledge of earthquake prevention should be popularized in primary and secondary schools, and schools in earthquake-stricken areas should have earthquake prevention training programs. If there is an earthquake in class, the teacher should immediately give students a simple and clear instruction to close their eyes and squat under the desk. When an earthquake is likely to occur in an area within a certain period of time. Families and schools should communicate frequently. Schools with conditions in the earthquake zone should prepare disaster relief items, such as first-aid medical supplies, cold-proof and rain-proof supplies and tools. , and distributed by class or classroom until reaching individuals.
How can we protect ourselves if there is an earthquake?
Once an earthquake happens, if you are outdoors, don't go near any tall buildings or trees that may collapse, such as buildings, chimneys, telephone poles, etc. It is safer to leave bridges and interchange roads and go to open fields. Although earthquakes are natural disasters that cause casualties, they are not inevitable. If we can grasp the opportunity and use the knowledge of earthquake prevention, we can protect ourselves, such as observing the abnormal restlessness of birds and animals before the earthquake; Squatting under the table during an earthquake can reduce the damage caused by the earthquake. It can be seen that it is very important to learn earthquake knowledge.
Earthquake knowledge and prevention
1. For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under solid furniture such as tables.
The shaking time is about 1 min. This is the first thing that should be considered is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.
2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.
When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor in whether the earthquake disaster can be controlled to a minimum.
Get into the habit of turning off even a small earthquake.
In order to prevent the fire from causing great disaster, it is self-evident that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early.
During the earthquake, there were three opportunities to turn off the fire.
The first chance is that a big earthquake occurs before a small one.
At the moment of perceiving the small shaking, they immediately greeted: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.
A second chance after the earthquake stopped.
Turn off the fire as soon as there is a big shake, and the kettle on the gas stove and heating stove will slide down, which is very dangerous.
When the shaking stopped, he shouted again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the fire.
The third chance was after the fire.
Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, always put the fire extinguisher and bucket near the fire point.
Don't panic and run outside.
After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, precast concrete walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.
4. Open the door and ensure the exit.
Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit.
Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.
5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places.
When the earth is shaking violently and unstable, people will have the psychology of helping and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be helped. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous.
During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Don't * hide near cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc.
In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.
In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.
In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.
6. In department stores and theaters, follow the instructions of the staff.
In places where there are many people in department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security guards.
As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly.
In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a low body posture and don't smoke at all.
If you take the elevator
In case of an earthquake or fire, you can't use the elevator. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.
Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor.
If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room for help through the dedicated telephone in the elevator.
7. The car is parked on the side of the road, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.
In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.
Most roads in the urban area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to car radio broadcasting. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions.
When you need to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don't lock the door, and act with the local people.
8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.
On slopes and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.
On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you are aware of an earthquake or issue a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on radio and TV and take refuge in a safe place quickly.
9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.
When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, and life and personal safety are in danger, take refuge measures. In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.
The cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable for patients to take refuge. Usually, neighbors need to agree on the way to take refuge in advance.
10. Don't listen to rumors and act rashly.
In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.
Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move.
To put it simply, the main reason for the earthquake is that the major plates of the earth are squeezing each other, and volcanic eruption is also one of the reasons.
Earthquakes are divided into natural earthquakes and artificial earthquakes. Natural earthquakes are mainly tectonic earthquakes, which are caused by the fracture and dislocation of rocks deep underground, so that the long-term accumulated energy is suddenly released and spread in all directions in the form of seismic waves, making houses shake and move to the ground. Tectonic earthquakes account for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes. Followed by earthquakes caused by volcanic eruptions, known as volcanic earthquakes, accounting for about 7% of the total number of earthquakes. In addition, earthquakes will also occur in some special circumstances, such as cave collapse (collapse earthquake) and large meteorites hitting the ground (meteorite impact earthquake).
Artificial earthquakes are earthquakes caused by human activities. Such as vibration caused by industrial blasting and underground nuclear explosion; High-pressure water injection in deep wells and water storage in large reservoirs increase the pressure on the earth's crust and sometimes induce earthquakes.