"The Story of Shizhong Mountain" records the author's exploration of the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain, and thus came to the conclusion that subjective assumptions should be avoided when understanding things. The following is the "Original Text and Translation Notes of Shizhong Mountain" compiled by me for your reference only. You are welcome to read it.
The original text of "Shizhong Mountain":
"Shui Jing" says: "There is Shizhong Mountain at the mouth of Pengli." Li Yuan thought that he was facing a deep pool, the breeze was blowing, the water and rocks were fighting, and the sound was like Hong Zhong. This is true, but people often doubt it. Now if a bell and chime are placed in the water, even though there is a strong wind and waves, it cannot make any sound, but it is worse than a stone! In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bo began to visit his remains. He found two stones on the pool, clasped them and listened to them. The south sound was like Hu, and the north sound was clear and clear. I think I got it. However, I doubt it. The sound of a stone can be found everywhere, but this one is only called a bell, so why?
Ding Chou in the sixth month of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Yu Ziqi'an came to you on a boat trip, and the eldest son Maijiang went to Raozhi Dexingwei and sent him to Hukou, because he could watch the so-called stone bell. The monk asked the boy to hold an ax and pick one or two of them among the rocks to buckle them. Yu Gu laughed and didn't believe it. At the end of the night, when the moon was bright, I took a small boat with Mai alone to the foot of the cliff. The boulder stands thousands of feet on its side, like wild beasts and strange ghosts, eager to attack people; while the falcons on the mountain will startle when they hear the sound of people, and they will roar in the sky; there is also an old man coughing and laughing in the valley, which may be called a stork. also. Yu Fang's heart was eager to return the favor, and he made loud noises on the water, like bells and drums. The boat people were terrified. If you look at it slowly, you will find that there are stone caves under the mountain. I don't know how shallow or deep they are. Microwaves penetrate into them and they are filled with surging waves. This is why. The boat returned between the two mountains and was about to enter the port. There was a large rock in the middle of the stream, which could seat a hundred people. There were many orifices in the air, which were in harmony with the Feng Shui. There was the sound of drilling and boring mandarins, which corresponded to those who were facing it, and it was like a piece of music. . Because of his laughter, he said to Mai, "You know what you know? Those who are squeaking are like King Jing of Zhou Dynasty who has no shot; those who are boring and boring mandarins are like the song of Wei Zhuangzi. The people of ancient times are not deceived!"
Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of something without seeing it or hearing it? What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu, so it is unknown. The scholar-bureaucrats were unwilling to use their boats to anchor under the cliff at night, so they could not know. Although the fishermen and navy knew it, they could not tell it. This is why it is not passed down in this world. But those who are ignorant seek it by testing the impact with axes and pounds, thinking that they have achieved it. After I remembered it, Gai sighed at Li Yuan's simplicity and laughed at Li Bo's crudeness.
Translation:
"Shui Jing" said: "There is a Shizhong Mountain at the mouth of Poyang Lake." Li Daoyuan believed that the bottom of Shizhong Mountain is close to a deep pool, and the breeze vibrates the waves, and the water When the rocks beat against each other, the sound they made was like a big bell. This statement is often doubted. If a bell is placed in the water, it will not make any sound even in strong winds and waves, let alone a stone! It was not until the Tang Dynasty that Li Bo visited the old site of Shizhong Mountain. Find two rocks by the deep pool, knock them, and listen to their sounds. The sound of the rock in the south is thick and vague, and the sound of the rock in the north is clear and loud. The drumsticks stop beating, and the sound is still spreading. , the lingering sound slowly disappeared. He himself thought he had found the reason why Shizhongshan was named. But I am more skeptical about this statement. Stones that make sounds when struck are everywhere, but this mountain is the only one named after a bell. Why is this?
On the ninth day of the sixth month in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, I took a boat from Qi'an to Linru. My eldest son Su Mai was about to take office as the county captain of Dexing County in Raozhou, so I sent him to Hukou. You can see the said Stone Bell Mountain. The monk in the temple asked the child to hold an ax and hit one or two places among the rocks to make a crackling sound. Of course I found it very funny and did not believe it. At night, the moonlight was bright, and Su Mai and I took a boat to the bottom of the broken wall. Huge rocks stand slopingly, thousands of feet high, like ferocious beasts and strange ghosts, gloomily trying to attack people; the eagles nesting on the mountains are frightened and fly up when they hear the sound of people, and they fly in the sky. There were clanging sounds; there was also a sound like an old man coughing and laughing in the valley. Some people said it was a stork. I was frightened and wanted to go back when suddenly a huge sound came from the water, loud and loud like the sound of bells and drums. The boatman was frightened. I slowly observed that there were caves and crevices under the mountain. I don’t know how deep they were. Subtle water waves poured into them, and the water waves stirred up and made this sound.
The boat returned between the two mountains and was about to enter the port. There was a big stone facing the middle of the water. There could be about a hundred people sitting on it. The middle was empty and there were many holes. It swallowed up the breeze and water waves and spit it out, making a sound. The sound of the boring mandarin echoes with the previous sound, like music playing. So I smiled and said to Su Mai: "Do you know those allusions? The clanking sound is the sound of King Zhou Jing's Wushe bell, and the sound of the boring mandarin is the sound of Wei Zhuangzi's singing bell. The ancients did not deceive. Me! ”
I don’t need to see anything with my eyes or hear it with my ears, and just guess whether it exists or not based on subjective assumptions, is that okay? What Li Daoyuan saw and heard was probably the same as mine, but he did not describe it in detail; after all, the scholar-bureaucrats were unwilling to use small boats to anchor under the cliffs at night, so no one knows; fishermen and boatmen, Although I know the truth behind the naming of Shizhong Mountain, I cannot record it in writing. This is the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name has not been handed down in the world. However, simple people even use axes to hit stones to find the reason for the name of Shizhong Mountain, thinking that they have got the truth about the name of Shizhong Mountain. Therefore, I wrote down the above experience, lamenting Li Daoyuan's simplicity and laughing at Li Bo's shallowness.
Notes:
Shizhong Mountain is located on the east bank of Poyang Lake in Hukou, Jiangxi Province. Mountain. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some people thought that Su Shi's statement about the origin of Shizhong Mountain's name was also wrong. The correct statement is: "The whole mountain is empty, like a bell covering the ground, so it got its name." After investigation, people today believe that the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name is It is named because it has the "sound" of a bell and the "shape" of a bell.
Peng Li: Another name for Poyang Lake.
Li Yuan: Li Daoyuan, the author of "Shui Jing Zhu".
Drum: Vibration.
Strike: hit, shoot.
Hong Zhong: Big bell.
It means: this statement.
Qing (qìng): an ancient percussion instrument, shaped like a ruler and made of jade or stone.
Li Bo: A native of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, he wrote an article "The Story of Discerning Stones and Zhongshan".
Traces: old site, old traces. This refers to the location.
Nan Sheng wrote to Hu: The sound from the south (the rock) was thick and unclear. Letter to Hu means "vague".
Beiyin Qingyue: The sound from the north (the rock) is clear and loud. Yue, high.
桴(fú)stops the sound: the drumstick stops (beating), but the sound is still spreading. Teng, spread.
The lingering rhyme fades: the lingering sound slowly disappears. Rhyme here refers to sound. Xu, slow.
Get: Found this (reason). It refers to the reason why Shizhong Mountain was named.
You: More.
Keng (kēng): the loud sound made by striking gold and stone.
It is the same everywhere: It is like this everywhere. Yes, that's it.
Yuanfeng: The reign name of Song Shenzong.
June Ding Chou: the ninth day of the sixth lunar month.
Qi’an: In today’s Huangzhou, Hubei Province.
Linru: Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan).
Go: Here it means to go to take office or take office.
Hukou: Today’s Hukou, Jiangxi.
硿 (kōng) 硿 Yan: 硿硿地 (makes a sound). Yan is equivalent to "ran".
Mo (mù) night: night. Mo, pass "Twilight".
Senran: describes dense and upright.
Beat people: catch people, hit people.
Falcon: an eagle in its nest. Falcon, a type of eagle.
Zhe (zhé) Zhe: the sound of birdsong.
Stork Crane: The name of a water bird. It looks like a crane but has a less red crown. Its neck and beak are longer than that of a crane.
Heartbeat: Here is the meaning of fright.
匌吰(chēnghóng): This describes the loud sound of the bell.
Boatman: Boatman.
玮 (xià): crack.
Han is light and surging: the waves are surging. The water is thin and the water is turbulent. Surging, waves stimulate each other.
To do this: to form this sound.
Middle flow: the center of the flow.
In the air: The middle is empty.
Aperture: hole.
Boring mandarins, the sound of bells and drums.
You know (zhì): Do you know those (allusions)? Know, know.
King Zhou Jing’s Wushe (yì): "Guoyu" records that the "Wushe" bell was cast in the 23rd year of King Zhou Jing's reign (522 BC).
Wei Zhuangzi’s Singing Bell: "Zuo Zhuan" records that in the eleventh year of Lu Xianggong (561 BC), the Zheng people dedicated a singing bell and other musical instruments to the Marquis of Jin, and the Marquis of Jin gave half of it to the Jin official Wei crimson. Zhuangzi, Wei Jiang’s posthumous name. Singing bell, ancient musical instrument.
The ancients did not deceive me: The ancients (called this mountain "Shizhong Mountain") did not deceive me! Not bullying others means "not bullying others".
Conjecture: Judgment based on subjective guessing. Guess, chest.
Almost: Probably.
End: eventually.
Fisherman: Fisherman (and) boatman.
Word: refers to expressing and recording in words.
The reason why it is not passed down in this world: This is the reason why it has not been passed down in this world (the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain).
Shallow person: a shallow person.
To find out the reason for the name of Shizhong Mountain by hitting the stone with an axe. Test, knock.
Truth: refers to the truth of the matter.
Appreciation:
By describing the investigation into the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain, the article emphasizes that in order to correctly judge a thing, one must go deep into the actual situation and investigate carefully. In terms of art, this article has the characteristics of unique structure, tortuous writing, clever decoration, and flexible language.
The first paragraph puts forward two theories about the origin of Shizhong Mountain’s name, as well as doubts about these two theories. It can be divided into three layers.
The first level quotes the words from "Shui Jing" to explain the location of Shizhong Mountain. Following the title, it points out Shizhong Mountain and triggers the following.
On the second level, Li Daoyuan’s statement on the origin of Shi Zhongshan’s name is put forward, pointing out people’s skepticism about this statement, and questioning Li Daoyuan’s statement by using the fact that the bell cannot make a sound when placed in the water, explaining that “water and stone are The theory of "fighting each other" is difficult to win people's trust. It is precisely because Li said "people often doubt it" that it aroused the objections of later generations. This is how Li Daoyuan's statement was derived from the statement of Li Bo of the Tang Dynasty.
On the third level, Li Bo’s statement was raised and questioned. Li Bo was also among the "people" who were "often suspected", so he launched an action to "find his whereabouts". There is no doubt that he personally "visited" the remains, personally "clasped" the stones, and personally "listened" to his voices. The author expresses his doubts about Li Bo, and refutes Li Bo's theory by saying that there are rocks everywhere, and the rocks can make sounds by clasping them, indicating that it is unbelievable that the stones can make sounds. These two statements may seem to be equivalent, but in fact they are preceded and followed. There are also differences in the formulation of doubts about the two theories: "People often doubt it" explains people's doubts about Li's theory. Whether the "people" here includes the author is not stated clearly. This is an objective narrative. The author He did not rashly judge whether what Li said was right or wrong; he used "Yu You doubt it" to emphasize his denial of Li Shuo. The word "Yu" here clearly expresses the author's attitude towards Li Shuo. He said to Li, "People often doubt it" and to Li, "I especially doubt it." These two doubts led to the author's visit to Shizhongshan, which provided the basis for the "smiling but not believing" in the second paragraph, the night tour of Shizhongshan, and the final scene. "Sigh" and "laugh", "simple" and "crude" are the foreshadowing.
The second paragraph describes the on-the-spot investigation of Shizhong Mountain and the process of discovering the origin of its name.
It can be divided into three layers. The first layer ("In the seventh year of Yuanfeng...those who can view the so-called Stone Bell") points out the time, companions and reasons for visiting Stone Bell Mountain.
Because there were "doubts" about the origin of Shizhongshan's name, the author took the opportunity to inspect Shizhongshan while he was in Linru and sent his eldest son Su Mai to Dexing in Raozhou, which was a good opportunity to clear up the doubts. This layer follows closely from the above.
The second level ("The monk made the boy hold an ax...Yu Gu laughed and didn't believe it"), written about visiting the monk. The monks "made the boy hold an ax" to press the stone and make a sound, which shows that they believe Li Bo's statement and also shows that Li Bo's statement has great influence. This paragraph responds to Li's words, "Choose one or two and buckle them", "I laugh but don't believe them", which respectively corresponds to the first paragraph's "clasp and listen to them" and "I am particularly suspicious of them". Since the monk's approach was unsatisfactory, the author decided to investigate on a moonlit night.
The third layer ("Until the moon shines every night... the ancients did not deceive anyone"), writes about the process of inspecting Shizhong Mountain on a moonlit night. First, he explained that the time for visiting Shizhong Mountain was "moonlight", the eldest son Su Mai was traveling with him, the method was "by boat", and the location was "under the cliff". Then write about the scene under the cliff: what you see is a large stone that "stands thousands of feet sideways, like a beast and a strange ghost, and is so fierce that it is ready to attack people"; what you hear is the "Zhong Zhong" scream of the falcon "in the sky", and "In the valley" the stork screamed like an old man coughing and laughing. It depicts an eerie night scene of Shizhong Mountain, which is far and near, high and low, moving and still, tangible and sound, and is very lifelike, making people feel as if they are actually there. This description vigorously exaggerates the eerie environment and atmosphere, highlighting the difficulty of visiting in person, and foreshadows the following criticism: "Scholar-officials were never willing to park their boats under the cliff at night." Instead, when the author was "feeling about to return", he suddenly "made a loud noise on the water, and the noise was like bells and drums", which "terrified the people in the boat", but the author was attracted. He "explored it slowly" and found that "there are stone caves under the mountain. I don't know how shallow or deep they are. Microwaves penetrate into them, and they are light and surging. That's why." He found out the cause of the "crack" sound. But things didn't end there, there were waves again. When the author was "returning to the two mountains by boat", he discovered that there were "flows among big rocks at the entrance... There were many holes in the air, and they mixed with the sound of the wind, and there was the sound of boring and boring mandarins." "Hui" here does not mean "return", but "turn around". "The boat returned between two mountains" does not mean that the boat returned to the middle of the two mountains, but that the boat turned around and sailed between the two mountains. The author's investigation of the two sounds is extremely detailed and in-depth, confirming Li's statement in the first paragraph: "Microwaves come in" and "In harmony with Feng Shui", which respectively correspond to "breeze and drumming waves"; "Under the mountain are all stone caves..." ····Han is light and surging, but this is why" and "flowing in the middle of a big stone...and there are many holes in the air" respectively correspond to "water and stone stimulate each other"; "The sound of boring mandarins" respectively corresponds to "the sound is like a loud bell". This not only confirms Li's theory, but also supplements the "Jian" in detail, paving the way for the last paragraph to sigh about the "Jian" Li said. Finally, the author talks to Su Mai. The "laugh" in "because of laughter, we say that we are mai" is different from the "laugh" in "laughing but not believing". The former is a smile that expresses doubt and denial, but here is a relaxed and happy smile after the doubts are cleared, showing the author's pride and excitement after finding out the truth. In the conversation, the author connected the two sounds with "Zhou Jingwang's Wushe" and "Wei Zhuangzi's Song Zhong", affirmed his own investigation results, and pointed out the reason why Zhong Mingshan was named. He also affirmed Li Daoyuan's statement that "the ancients will not be deceived", and the author's conviction and joy were vividly displayed in his words. In this paragraph, the author confirms and supplements Li Daoyuan's statement with his own eyes and ears, further refutes Li Bo's statement, and provides factual basis for the discussion in the last paragraph.
The third paragraph describes the reflections on finding out the origin of Shi Zhongshan’s name and expresses the intention of writing. It can be divided into three layers.
On the first level, "Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of things without seeing them and hearing them?" This sentence has a strong tone and expresses a fully affirmative meaning in the form of a rhetorical question, which highlights the whole point of the article. The main theme is the conclusion and the summary of the author after discovering the origin of Shi Zhongshan's name. It is the author's experience.
The second level of analysis is the reason why the world cannot accurately know the origin of the name of Shizhong Mountain, from two aspects.
On the one hand, there are three reasons why the correct statement cannot be spread: First, "What Li Yuan saw and heard is almost the same as that of Yu, and it is unknown." It means that Li Daoyuan's statement is correct, but it is a pity that "it is unknown." ", resulting in "people often doubting it" and not being recognized by people; secondly, the scholar-bureaucrats did not conduct on-the-spot inspections and "will not use their boats to anchor under the cliff at night, so they cannot know"; thirdly, "fishermen and navymen" Although I know it, I cannot speak.” "Can't speak" means that you can't write, not that you can't speak. Li's theory is lost because of the unknown. The scholar-bureaucrats could write about it but "no one knew it", and the "fisherman and navy" knew about it but could not write about it. This is why the origin of Shizhongshan's name has not been handed down in the world. Then use the word "er" to turn to another aspect: "The ugly people use axes to test and strike, and they think they have the truth." This means that the "humble people" like Li Bo make subjective assumptions and "think they have the truth." , this is the reason why Li Bo's erroneous statement and subsequent generations spread rumors.
The third level inherits the two aspects mentioned above and points out the purpose of writing this travel note. "Sighing on Li Yuan's simplicity" affirms Li Daoyuan's point of view, but laments that it is too simple. "Laughing at Li Bo's humbleness" means denying Li Bo's views and ridiculing his shallowness. This shows that the purpose of writing this article is to spread his own opinions, confirm and supplement Li Daoyuan's views, and correct Li Bo's views.
This article combines discussion and narrative, and analyzes and criticizes Li Daoyuan and Li Bo’s statement on how Shizhong Mountain got its name through a field trip to Shizhong Mountain at night, and puts forward the point that things cannot be seen and heard. The conclusion that one cannot make assumptions about whether it exists or not shows the author's realistic spirit of focusing on investigation and research, and is of educational significance.