Chinese name
Maoling
Foreign name
Maoling
geographical position
Xingping City, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province
floor space
About fifty square kilometers
Architectural age
Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD)
Zhu Ling
Emperor Wu of Han dynasty
Cultural protection level
The first batch of national key cultural relics protection units
honour
Chinese pyramids.
Scenic spot level
AAAA level
Business?Hours?
08:00- 18:00
ticket price
Peak season: 80 yuan; Off-season: 60 yuan.
Suggested duration of the game
2-3 hours
A season suitable for play
Suitable for all seasons.
Attribution country
China
Belonging city
Xianyang city, Shaanxi province
construction time
BC 139 years
bale
geographical environment
Xianyang Plain, located in the hinterland of Guanzhong, at the turn of the Jing-Wei River, is the main assembly place of the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were 1 1 emperors in 2 14 years, and1tombs were built, 9 of which were located in the original site of Xianyang. Among them, the most prominent are five mausoleums, namely, Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Huidi Anling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Wudi Mausoleum and Zhao Di Ping Ling. At that time, these five tombs were all managed and built with spiritual instruments, so they were called "Wuling Yuan". In ancient poems, there are descriptions of "how Wuling aristocratic teenagers competed in luxury" and "Wuling military forces are light and fat". [ 1]
Maoling is located in the northeast of Xingping City, Shaanxi Province, and there is a "Wuling Plain" stretching for hundreds of miles from east to west. Xingping 12km in the west and Xianyang 15km in the east. It is far from Jiuyi Mountain in the north and Zhong Nanshan in the south. According to legend, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, found a unicorn-shaped animal and a long-lived fruit tree near Maoxiang during a hunting. He decided that Maoxiang was a treasure trove of geomantic omen, so he wrote a letter to enclose it and began to build a mausoleum. This place belonged to Maoxiang, Li Huai County in the Han Dynasty, so it was called "Maoling". [2]
The overall geographical feature of Maoling is the loess landform of Weihe Plain on the Loess Plateau, with uneven north and south and patchwork. Good natural vegetation with regional characteristics. This area belongs to the hot water-rich layer.
The development of history
In the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 139), the Han Empire recruited tens of thousands of craftsmen and corvees and began to build Maoling in Maoxiang, Li Huai County (now Xingping City, Shaanxi Province), which lasted for 53 years. "Jin Shusuo Zen Biography" said: "Emperor Gaozu ascended the throne for one year and became a mausoleum. One-third of the world's tributes, one for the ancestral hall, one for the guests and one for the mountains. " In other words, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used one third of the total tax revenue of the whole country as the cost of building tombs and collecting funerary objects. When the mausoleum was completed, more than 3,000 architects and artists were recruited from all over the country.
In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 years ago), after the death of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, he entered the front hall of Weiyang Palace. According to Xijing Miscellanies, "Emperor Han died in a jade box, shaped like armor and connected by gold thread." In Zigong, Emperor Wudi had cicada jade in his mouth and a gold box on his back. "The urns are all carved into dragons, phoenixes and turtles, and the world calls them Longyu urns." [3][4][5][6][7][8]
In the sixth year of founding ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1 17), Huo Qubing, a title of generals in ancient times, died of illness at the age of 24 and was buried in the east of Maoling 1 km, with a tomb like Qilian Mountain.
In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (before 106), Fu General Hou died of illness and was buried one kilometer northeast of Maoling. The tomb, such as Lushan Mountain, is juxtaposed with Huo Qubing's tomb.
In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (96), he moved to Maoling and became a hero of the county.
In February of the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu visited and died in Zhouzhi Zuo Wu Palace, entered the front hall of Weiyang Palace, and was buried in Maoling 18 days after his death. Huo Guang posthumously awarded the late Li Fu as the queen, and Li Furen's tomb was moved to Maoling.
Maoling was stolen in the third year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (the first 84 years). Four years later, someone bought two jade boxes and jade sticks in Fufeng (now Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province) and buried them in the tomb. [9]
In the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Xuan Di (the first 73 years), Maoling County was established in Maoling, and more than 60,000 people immigrated to the world, with a maximum of 277,000 people.
In the second year of Han Yuankang (64), Maoling was stolen. Li You of Hedong County joined Shangdang Baodu Mountain to collect herbs, and got 30 volumes of miscellaneous classics collected in Dongwu Underground Palace from cliff stone carvings, filled with gold boxes.
In the second year of Jianwu of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (25 years), the Red Eyebrow Army retreated from Chang 'an and robbed Maoling on the way to the west.
In the first year of Xian Di Chuping (190), Dong Zhuo sent Lu Bu to rob Maoling.
In the first year of Zhonghe in Tang Xizong (88 1), Huang Chao invaded Chang 'an and sent troops to rob Maoling.
In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1697), local officials erected a stone tablet in front of Huo Qubing's tomb.
In the forty-second year of Qianlong reign (1777), Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, erected a monument in front of the tombs of Maoling, Li Furen, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Huo Guang. Today, Huo Guang's tombstone has been damaged and the rest is intact.
In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), Zhang Ji, the head of Xijing Preparatory Committee, set up Maoling Primary School in the north of Huoqu sick tomb, and set up Maoling office in the school, with Hu Jiping as the director, responsible for the management of cultural relics, and built two tile houses on the south sides of the tomb, and moved nine stone carvings indoors. [9]
Mausoleum pattern
Schematic diagram of Maoling organizational system restoration
Mausoleum is a typical example of heavy burial in Han Dynasty.
One is Zigong. Zigong in Maoling, with five coffins, two coffins and five coffins, was placed on the coffin bed in the middle of the coffin room behind the tomb. The second half of the tomb is a coffin room with two layers, the inner layer is folded into a "coffin" shape with vertical trees, and the south is a gap; The outer layer is a yellow sausage puzzle. The wood used in the fifth coffin is catalpa bungeana, catalpa bungeana and nanmu, which is firm and delicate in texture, moisture-resistant and highly decaying.
The second is the problem of yellow intestines. The so-called "yellow intestine problem" and "yellow heart" cause fatigue outside the coffin, so it is called yellow intestine. Wood is introverted, so the problems are together. " According to historical records, the problem of making yellow sausage after the death of Emperor Tiandi is that the surface is polished and smooth, which is quite labor-consuming. It consists of 15880 yellow sausages, with a length of 90cm and a height of10cm.
The third is the toilet. Around Zigong, there are four envy doors and toilets. The function and purpose of the toilet is to sit in hiding. Simply put, the toilet is a place that imitates the living and feasts, burying the most precious things in the grave with the dead, so as to enjoy them in the underworld.
The fourth is the underground palace. Maoling, a "pyramid", is its core building-underground palace, which has become a "square" under the tall rammed earth mound. Zhang Tang was transferred to Maolingwei, and a specific project he personally grasped was the construction of "Zhong Fang". The interior of Zhong Fang is rich and colorful.