First, why do you get diabetes?
1, genetic factors
As we all know, diabetes is a genetic disease. Genetic research shows that there is a significant difference in the incidence of diabetes between blood relatives and non-blood relatives, and the former is five times higher than the latter. The importance of genetic factors accounts for 50% in the etiology of type I diabetes, but more than 90% in type II diabetes, so the genetic factors that cause type II diabetes are obviously higher than type I diabetes.
2. Environmental factors
On the basis of heredity, environmental factors play a very important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Environmental factors include air pollution, noise and social competition. These factors induce gene mutation. With the increase of the severity and duration of the above factors, there are more and more mutant genes. When the mutant gene reaches a certain level (medically called "threshold"), diabetes will occur.
3. The diet structure is unreasonable.
Usually, the occurrence of many diabetes is also related to the unreasonable diet structure. Unreasonable diet and irregular daily life, such as excessive sweets, overeating, high-fat diet and flour and rice's overeating, may all lead to diabetes.
4. Obesity factors
At present, obesity is considered to be an important inducing factor of diabetes. About 60%-80% of adult diabetic patients are obese before the onset, and the degree of obesity is directly proportional to the incidence of diabetes. Some basic research data show that the ratio of muscle to fat is also changing with the increase of age and the gradual decrease of physical activity. From the age of 25 to 75, muscle tissue gradually decreased from 47% to 36%, while fat increased from 20% to 36%, which is one of the main reasons for the obvious increase of diabetes in the elderly, especially obese and obese elderly people.
5. Mental factors
In recent ten years, Chinese and foreign scholars have confirmed the role of mental factors in the occurrence and development of diabetes. They believe that with mental stress, emotional excitement and various stress States, a large number of hormones that raise blood sugar will be secreted, such as growth hormone, norepinephrine, glucagon and adrenocortical hormone.
6, lack of sleep
The occurrence of diabetes is related to lack of sleep, and lack of sleep is also closely related to the imbalance of blood sugar control. Especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, lack of sleep will make the condition worse. It is found that the length and quality of sleep directly affect diseases. Patients who often can't sleep or have poor sleep quality have obviously unstable blood sugar.
7. Influence
There is a significant relationship between adolescent diabetes and viral infection. Infection itself will not induce diabetes, but only make invisible diabetes manifest.
8. Pregnancy
During pregnancy, estrogen increases. On the one hand, estrogen can induce autoimmunity and lead to the destruction of islet β cells; On the other hand, estrogen has anti-insulin effect. Therefore, multiple pregnancies can induce diabetes.
Secondly, then, how to prevent diabetes?
Diabetes can be prevented, mainly by taking three lines of defense:
Primary prevention: establish a correct diet concept and adopt a reasonable lifestyle. Although diabetes has some genetic factors, the key factors are life factors and environmental factors. Excessive calorie intake, overnutrition, obesity and lack of exercise are the important causes of the disease. Proper calorie intake, low salt, low sugar, low fat, high fiber and adequate vitamins are the best dietary combinations.
Secondary prevention: regularly measure blood sugar and find asymptomatic diabetes as soon as possible. Blood sugar measurement should be included in the routine physical examination of middle-aged and elderly people, even if it is normal once, it should be measured regularly. Anyone with signs of diabetes, such as abnormal skin sensation, sexual dysfunction, poor eyesight, polyuria, cataract, etc. , should be measured in time and carefully identified, so as to diagnose as soon as possible and win valuable time for early treatment.
Tertiary prevention: diabetic patients are prone to other chronic diseases, and most of them are life-threatening due to complications. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of chronic complications of diabetes, so as to find and prevent them early, but the curative effect is often poor in the late stage. Early diagnosis and early treatment can often prevent the occurrence of complications and make patients live a near-normal life for a long time.