Tang Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
[Edit this paragraph] background
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a native of Xiayi (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi), is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. He is known as "the magical poet" and "the king of poets". His poems have a wide influence in China, Japan and Korea, and they are the "New Yuefu Movement". Bai Juyi's ancestral home was Taiyuan, Shanxi, and his great-grandfather moved to the summer suburbs (now Weinan North, Shaanxi). His grandfather Huang Bai moved to Xinzheng, Henan. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng on the 20th day of the first month of the seventh year in Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772 AD). Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years. In August (846), five cases of Huichang, Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Minglu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. "He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.
In his later years, Bai Juyi was made a prince, and posthumous title was a white father and a white man. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because he offended powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and became a good Buddha in his later years. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "the eloquent old woman". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.
Deng Xiaoda once said: "It is precisely because Bai Letian's poems can be interpreted by an old woman that his poems have established their position in the hearts of the people."
Bai Juyi's poems were widely circulated at that time, from the palace to the folk, and their fame spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan. Bai Juyi's poems had a great influence on later literature. Pi Rixiu and Lu You in the late Tang Dynasty and Wu and Huang Zunxian in the Qing Dynasty were all inspired by Bai Juyi's poems. Bai Juyi's poems have the greatest influence in Japan. He is Japan's favorite poet of the Tang Dynasty. His poems are often quoted by Japanese classical novels. It can be said that Bai Juyi was the man of the hour in China's Tang poetry.
In his later years, he befriended Liu Yuxi, known as Bai Liu, and advocated that songs and poems play an ironic role. Its ci is very distinctive, famous for its bright and beautiful branches, and highly praised by later poets.
[Edit this paragraph] Notes, poems
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Selected from Bai Changqing Collection. Qiantang River and West Lake in Hangzhou.
1. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Tianjia, Emperor Chen Wendi of the Southern Dynasties (560 ~ 566), it was named Chengfu and renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Gushan Mountain: Located in the north of West Lake, between Houhu Lake and Waihu Lake, with isolated peaks and beautiful scenery, it is a scenic spot that can be climbed by lakes and mountains.
2. Jia Pavilion: namely Jia Gongting. Tang Zhenyuan (AD 785-804) Jia Quan, a secretariat of Hangzhou, built a pavilion in Qiantang Cave, which was called "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion". The pavilion arrived at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
3. Initial leveling of the water surface: In spring, the lake began to rise, and the water surface just leveled the lake shore. Chu: Adverb, just now. Cloud feet are low; The clouds hung low and seemed to be connected with the lake. Point out the starting point and way of spring outing, and focus on depicting the scenery of the lake.
4. Early Spring Warbler: An oriole comes in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful. Competing to warm the trees: competing to fly to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a tree pointing to the sun. Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south. Take it. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality. Focus on birds.
5, disorderly flowers: wild flowers of various colors. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. Shallow grass: Spring grass that just grows out of the ground and is not too high. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. Looking down on the spring outing, the flowers are tender and the grass is tender, and the spring is full. Focus on flowers and plants.
6, the line is not enough: I am bored with travel. Yin: Same as "Yin". Baisha Dike: Today's Bai Causeway, also known as Sand Dike and Broken Bridge Dike, is located on the east bank of West Lake, which existed before the Tang Dynasty. Another Bai Causeway outside Qiantang Gate was built during the self-styled change of administration in Hangzhou. The poet from north to west, from south to east, surrounded the lake for a week, and at the end of the poem, he expressed his deep affection with his "favorite".
translate
Walking by the West Lake, from the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake is just flush with the levee.
White clouds overlap and connect with the waves on the lake.
Several early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny tree, and the new swallows were nesting with spring mud in their mouths.
The lush and colorful spring flowers gradually fascinated people's eyes, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery in the east of West Lake best. If I don't have enough sightseeing, I will go to see the charming white sand embankment in Green Liu Xia.
poetic sentiment
A Spring Tour in Qiantang vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he strolled the West Lake in early spring. This is a hymn to the beautiful spring and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. The first poem sticks to the theme and always writes about the lake. The previous sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the surrounding "uneven towers". The use of two place names gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching. On the front of the latter sentence, the lake is as bright as water: at the beginning of spring, the water surface is flush with the embankment, and the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake. Zhuan Xu wrote about birds seen from looking up. Yingying is singing and swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the oriole sends the good news of spring back to the earth with its euphemistic and smooth voice. Swallows wear flowers and paste water, build nests with mud, and encourage people to start working in spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations. Writing with a neckband overlooks the flowers and plants you see. Because it's early spring, and it's not the season for flowers to bloom, what we see is not colorful flowers, but a cluster of flowers in the east and a cluster in the west, which is described by the word "chaos". Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are also the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which makes the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect readers. These two couplets describe the scenery of the West Lake in detail, and express Yingying Yan's new arrival with "early", "new", "struggle" and "pecking". Using "chaos", "shallowness", "gradual desire" and "talent" to describe the thriving trend of flowers and plants accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather that the poet felt while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. The previous generation poet Xie Lingyun's phrase "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow in the garden turns into songbirds" ("Pond Upstairs") is wonderful in ancient and modern times, precisely because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. The above two couplets of Qiantang Spring Tour are quite similar in artistic conception, but the white poems are more widely spread. William wrote about the poet's favorite sandbar in the east of the lake. Qiantang Lake, which runs through Bai Causeway, is located in the east of the lake and can win the whole lake. I saw that under the shade of Populus cathayana, the flat and slender white sand embankment was lying in the blue waves, and the people riding on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. In the meantime, the poet enjoyed the lakes and mountains and was relaxed and happy. "Lack of line" shows that the natural scenery is beautiful, the poet is still lingering, and the concentrated and full feelings give readers endless aftertaste.
In the history of China, many famous people have been studying history in Hangzhou, a paradise. But the most famous are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, two great writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties. They not only left their achievements in Hangzhou, but also circulated many poems describing the beauty of Hangzhou and its West Lake, so some people called them "romantic satrap". Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang" is a well-known one. This poem not only depicts the charming spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of everything bathed in spring scenery, but also tells the whole story of the poet himself intoxicated with this beautiful scenery, which makes people deeply moved by the author's attitude towards spring and spring while enjoying the intoxicating scenery of the West Lake.
"Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the vision. The lonely mountain is located between the back lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, with overlapping peaks and emerald green hills, and there is a lonely mountain temple on it, which is beautiful to climb and see. Jia Ting, also known as Jia Gongting, was published in Tang Yulin for six years. During the Zhenyuan period, when Jia Quan was appointed as a historian in Hangzhou, he built a pavilion in the West Lake. The clothes rack is called Jiagongting, which will not be abandoned after 50 or 60 years. Zhenyuan is the national title of Tang Dezong, from 780 to 805. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, his pavilion was still there and it was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. At first, Bai Juyi came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west of Jiagongting. Looking around, I saw spring water rippling, clouds hanging low, lakes and mountains. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Due to the continuous spring rain, today's lake looks much higher than in winter, and seems to be at the same level as the line of sight. This feeling that the water surface is flush with the line of sight is only possible for people facing the vast water surface, and it is also a feeling that can be written by people who have a deep understanding and love for the West Lake. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. When the poet was silently watching the virgin charm of the West Lake, the crisp birdsong came from his ear, which broke his meditation, so he withdrew his eyes from the intersection of water and clouds and found that he was actually in a beautiful world full of spring.
"A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and young swallows peck at spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai's poems describing spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. A few places, that is, a few places, or even many places. Using "early" to describe orioles shows Bai Juyi's sincere love for these little life full of vitality: orioles in the trees are busy grabbing the "warm tree" that first sees the sun in the morning, for fear that they will not catch up soon. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. I don't know whose swallow is under the eaves. At this time, it is also busy making a nest with mud, and uses a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallow, which seems to bring life to the swallow. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring. Huang oriole is recognized as a spring singer. Listening to their euphemistic voices makes people feel the charm of spring. Swallows are migratory birds. They returned to their hometown with spring, busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly around building nests makes people feel the beauty of life even more.
After anthropomorphic description of the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. "Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes." This is also an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and accurate grasp of its characteristics. As far as flowers are concerned, they are chaotic and even confuse the eyes of flower watchers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, and this unique feeling is just Bai Juyi's personal experience when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are blooming all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, Bai Juyi has no idea where to look and how to tell the difference between them. The phrase "flowers are getting more and more charming" means to stop and look closely, while "shallow grass can't have horseshoes" is already an outing on horseback. It is a pleasant thing to travel freely with two or three friends by the West Lake, where the grass grows and the flowers bloom. The horse seems to be aware of the relaxed and carefree interest of its owner on its back. Slowly, the poet inadvertently caught a glimpse of the scene of horseshoe ups and downs on the grass, which was particularly interesting. He couldn't help writing it into his own poem. Unexpectedly, it was a random stroke, but it added a lot of lively interest and elegant leisure to the whole poem. Belinsky, a famous aesthete, once said: "In any case, beauty emanates from the depths of the soul, because natural scenery cannot be absolutely beautiful, and this beauty is hidden in the souls of those who create or observe them." Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang just illustrates this aesthetic of truth. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory places, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also good at discovering and experiencing. Nowadays, we often feel that it is better to visit the scenery than to listen to it, or to listen to friends' introductions, or in film and television scenery films. When we hear and see beautiful scenery, we can't help but feel infinite yearning. However, once we get there, we often feel that it is far from what we imagined. This is because we can't look at the natural landscape with the eyes of discovery and appreciation, but we should travel with preconceived, excessive and even some critical eyes. Imagine how many wonderful spring scenery the West Lake has shown people through the ages. How many people have witnessed the spring scenery of Xizi Lake? But in the end, I can only recite a few works by several great poets. Isn't it only when the great writer Su Like Dongpo comes that the West Lake will proudly show her amazing beauty? Birds in the West Lake will not "warm trees" and "peck at spring mud" until they meet the great poet Bai Juyi. In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake is the most beautiful. Don't we also know the famous saying: "The West Lake is better than the West Lake, and thick makeup is always appropriate."
Bai Juyi has such a rare aesthete's appreciation eye that he can find its moving place among countless tourists in the West Lake and truly enjoy this paradise on earth given by nature. Bai Juyi didn't see many "early warblers" and "new swallows", only "several places" and only "whose home". If so, we may feel sorry that we didn't smell the sound of warblers everywhere and that every family smelled of swallows. We wish we had come ten and a half days late. However, Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are few advantages. It is because of scarcity that "early warbler" and "new swallow" feel the joy of spring. If the poet doesn't have a young heart and a heart that loves life and spring, I'm afraid he won't be moved and intoxicated by these spring herald newspapers, but will happily write this touching poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the flowers and plants, see the beautiful scenery of the fragrant grass, be fascinated by the wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh for the grass that has not crossed the horseshoe. When you think about it, the grass without horseshoes is actually the most common. There is no need to rush to Xizi Lake to see this lawn in spring, but it can be found in our street green space. However, I am afraid that there is a striking sign between us and the lawn: "Please don't trample on the lawn". Therefore, the closeness between everything and nature has become a serious warning in an instant. Nowadays, people in cities are indifferent to natural landscapes rather than artificial ones.
However, Bai Juyi is lucky, because he has a pair of eyes to discover beauty and spring, so he can't help but even linger on the beautiful scenery of the West Lake: "I love the lack of lake in the east and the white sand embankment in the shade of Qingyang." Baisha dike, that is, Bai Causeway, is also called sand dike or broken bridge dike. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Bai Causeway runs through it. On the east side of the lake, it commands the victory of the whole lake. When Bai Juyi was a historian in Hangzhou, he did build dikes to store water and irrigate people's fields. However, his levee is north of Qiantangmen, but later generations mistook Bai Causeway for a levee built for nothing.
This poem is like a short and pithy travelogue, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending in Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, in the paradise-like beauty, I sang and danced to my heart's content, intoxicated by the flowers and birds. Finally, I walked back step by step along the white sand embankment and under the Liu Yin, and reluctantly left. My ears are still echoing the hymn of spring played by everything, and I can't help but shed a beautiful poem "Qiantang Spring Tour" full of natural integration.
In fact, Bai Juyi's keen observation and experience of spring or beautiful things expressed in this poem is very common among many ancient poets. Only in this way can they, like Bai Juyi, find it with joy when they first arrive in spring, be moved by it, stimulate their desire to create, write touching poems and leave rich aesthetic enjoyment for future generations. Like Bai Juyi, he won't feel sorry because there are only a few orioles singing in the tree and only a few swallows nesting under the eaves. On the contrary, he will feel that the pace of spring is getting closer and closer, and he will feel very happy, thus writing such a touching poem as "Several early birds fight for the warmth of the tree, and whose new swallow pecks at the new mud". There are many examples
The predecessors said that "Lotte's poems are full of emotions, enter people's liver and spleen, follow things, and are full of places" (Wang Ruoxu's "Xunnan Poems"), and "Lotte's poems are extremely simple and lovely, and often take what is in front of them as what others have not said" (Tian Wen's "Ancient Tang Huanji"). The language of this poem is simple, fresh and natural, for personal use.
Bai Juyi's name is very meaningful. At that time, Bai lived in Chang 'an. "Life in the capital is not easy", and the name Leitian means that his man is very talented, which also shows his pride.
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The first couplet focuses on the big picture and writes about the scenery seen by Gushan Temple. The first sentence is position, and the second sentence is vision. "Chuping" refers to spring water, which is slightly flat with the embankment. "Cloud feet are low" means that the white clouds are low and connected with the lake, and the outline of early spring is outlined. The calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake.
The whole poem has tight structure, strict meter, neat antithesis, fluent language and vivid and natural tone, which embodies the characteristics of popularity and fluency. Generally speaking, the poet describes the spring on the lake and is good at describing the scenery on the way. He chose the combination of typical and classified arrangement: writing four most beautiful spring scenes in the middle, combining animals and plants, and having a unique style. He is also good at grasping the characteristics of the scenery and using the most expressive words to describe and render it.
Artistic features: Love the scenery. The whole poem focuses on depicting the scenery in early spring and pinning feelings for the scenery.
[Edit this paragraph] Solution
This poem was written in the third year of Changqing (823), and it is a seven-character poem. From Bai Changqing Ji, Volume 20.
Qiantang Lake is the West Lake in Hangzhou. It has a pleasant climate, beautiful mountains and rivers, and uneven buildings. It has been a tourist attraction since the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi yearned for Hangzhou when he was a teenager. In the autumn of 822, in the second year of Changqing in Tang Muzong, he changed from Zhongzhou secretariat to Hangzhou secretariat, and finally realized his long-cherished wish. In the summer of four years of Changqing, he was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou. During his 600 days in Hangzhou, the poet not only led people to build dikes and dig wells, but also did many good things for this place. He also likes the scenery of the West Lake, and wrote many poems about the scenery of the West Lake, among which "Qiantang Spring Tour" is one of them.
Distant/drooping clouds
The original meaning of "foot" refers to the organs that people and animals walk. It can also refer to the support of appliances, such as chair feet and table feet. It can also refer to the lower end of a vessel, such as the foot of a mountain or the root of a wall. It can also refer to the residue of my powder (there are words like "leftovers" in modern Chinese), which extends to the end. Such as at the foot of the sun and rain, Du Fu's "Three Songs of Qiang Village": "The sky is red and the clouds are west, and the ground is flat at the foot of the sun." Du Fu's "Cottage is Blown by Autumn Wind": "There is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the feet of the rain are like hemp." The "cloud foot" in the poem "the water surface is flat and the cloud foot is low" refers to the lowest point of the cloud.
initial
"Chu" is used as an adverb in ancient Chinese and is often used to express time. Often refers to the first time or the initial period after the action.
1. It is often used before verbs and sometimes adjectives, which can be translated as "beginning" and "suddenly", such as Du Fu's "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army": "The thistle suddenly spread northward, and at first I couldn't stop the tears on the skirt outside the sword." The poem "When the water is flat, the feet of the clouds are low". (at first: at first)
Used before a verb, it means doing it for the first time. For example, The Biography of Ram declared the "first tax mu" for fifteen years.
3. Used at the beginning of a sentence (or phrase) to indicate a review of the past. For example, Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang: "The light begins to show itself, and the Lord is behind."
It means "never" and "forever". For example, The Biography of Han Gai Xun: "At first, there was nothing to say." . (beginning: always, never. )
Gradually
"Gradually" is often used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, which means "gradually" and indicates the gradual change of the situation or the gradual deepening of the degree. It can be translated into "gradually", "more and more" and "gradually", which is used in this poem "Flowers are more and more charming". The expression effect of "gradually" in poetry: it gradually shows that it is early spring.
When "gradually" is used as a verb, it has many meanings such as "aggravating", "dredging" and "getting wet". For example, "Shu": "Wang said," Alas, I'm getting worse and worse, but it's only been a while. " (Step by step: aggravate. "Historical Records of the King of Yue Goujian's Family": "Yu Gong's virtue is great, and he gradually became nine rivers and settled in Kyushu." (gradually: modification. ) "Poetry Feng Weimang": "shāngsāng, the car is getting worse." (gradually: get wet. )
This poem was written by Bai Juyi when he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the spring of Changqing in 1934.
Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake. When people mention the West Lake, they will think of the famous sentence in Su Shi's poems: "To compare the West Lake with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." After reading Bai Juyi's poems, I seem to really see Shi's face. He is smiling, and I feel more accurate about Dongpo's metaphor.
When Lotte was in Hangzhou, there were many poems about lakes and mountains. This poem captures the characteristics of the local environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on a spring coat, as full of business and just right.
"Gushan Temple North Jiating West". The lonely mountain stands between the back lake and the outer lake, with towering peaks and a lonely mountain temple on it, which is a scenery in the lake and a special symbol of the whole lake. Jiating was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. With the description of the first sentence, the "water surface" in the second sentence naturally refers to the West Lake. The water falls in autumn and winter, and the spring water rises again. In the chaos of water and sky, overlapping white clouds roll up in space and connect with the rippling water waves on the lake, so it is called "low cloud feet" The phrase "the initial water level, the foot of the cloud is low" outlines the outline of early spring on the lake. The next two sentences, from the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, vividly describe the vitality of spring and the spring when nature wakes up from a deep sleep in autumn and winter. Yingying is a singer who sings the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Yan is a migratory bird. It comes from the north in spring. They are full of seasonal sensitivity and become a symbol of spring. Here, the poet's choice of things around him is typical; And his pen is meticulous. When we say "several places", we can see that it is not "everywhere"; When we say "whose family", we can see that it is not "every family". Because it is still early spring. In this way, the "early" of the "early warbler" and the "new" of the "new swallow" are interactive in meaning, and they are connected into a complete picture. Because it is an "early warbler", I rushed to the warm sunny tree to try its ticking sound; Because it is a "new swallow", when pecking mud and holding grass, it will arouse people's first pleasure when building a nest. Xie Lingyun's sentence "Spring grass grows in the pond, willow turns into a songbird" ("Going upstairs in the pond") is wonderful and legendary because he wrote the joy of love at first sight when the four seasons change. This poem is quite similar in artistic conception.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the spring scenery on the lake in a wide range, which comes from the sentence "lonely mountain"; The last four sentences are dedicated to the scenery of "Hudong" and boil down to "White Sands". Point out the environment first, and then write the scenery; Write the scenery first, then the environment. The poem begins with "Gushan Temple" and ends with "Baishadi", from point to surface, from surface to point, with no trace of change in the middle. The structure is wonderful, as Xue Xue pointed out: Lotte's poems are "orderly in structure" ("A Ladle of Poems"). This "change" in "composition" is often reflected in the muddy brushwork; Without careful observation, it is difficult to see its "order".
Although the couplets of "disorderly flowers" and "shallow grass" describe the general spring scenery, they are closely related to "Baisha dike": the West Lake in spring is green and carpet-like tender grass; However, this flat and slender white sand dike is the place with the most tourists. By the Tang Dynasty, the custom of riding horses on the West Lake was extremely prosperous, and even geisha and girls loved riding horses. In the poem, "no horseshoe" is used to describe this green grassland, which is a ready-made landscape.
The use of words such as "Chuping", "Several Places", "Whose Family", "Gradually Desire" and "Talent and Emotion" runs through the landscape sentences of the whole poem, and the scenic spot of the West Lake in early spring is dyed into a Su Xiaoxiao lightly connected with Qiantang. However, this vigorous spring is developing rapidly. Another news is revealed from the link "Flowers are more and more charming": colorful flowers will soon bloom here, and stones will soon appear on the mirror platform on the lake.
Fang said that this poem "is intended to be like, and someone is there, which is better than a dead sentence." This is a poem about scenery. Its beauty lies not in the picturesque description, but in the emotion in the scene, which shows the harmonious and gloomy spring and the concentrated and full feeling given to the poet by the beauty of nature. The so-called "interesting image, someone is there"; The so-called "shape moves with things and is everywhere" (Su's Heather Talk) should be understood in this sense.
Poems about animals welcoming spring;
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Bai Juyi (772-846), a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also known as a Buddhist in Xiangshan in his later years. Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi], he was a former official and a teenager. When he arrived at his great-grandfather, he moved to Xiaao (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongyi County, Henan Province, and a good friend of Xinzheng County Magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). Wu Zong Huichang died in Luoyang (Henan Province) in August of the sixth year (846) at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because of offending powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, a good Buddha in his later years, and called himself a happy layman. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "the eloquent old woman". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.
In his early years, he was enthusiastic about helping the world, emphasizing the political function of poetry and doing his best to make it popular. He wrote 60 poems, New Yuefu, Qin Zhongyin, which truly made people sick by singing only, and every sentence must be tuned, just like Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Journey" represent his highest artistic achievements. Middle-aged people encounter setbacks in officialdom. "Since then, the career has been long-term, and the world has never been opened." But he still wrote many good poems and did many good things for the people. Hangzhou West Lake and Bai Causeway commemorate him. In his later years, he sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers, and also wrote some small characters. There is a poem for Liu Yuxi: "Don't listen to the old songs, but listen to the new word Yang Liuzhi. It can be seen that he has read some new words. One of the poems, Flowers Are Not Flowers, has a hazy beauty, which was greatly appreciated by later poets such as Ouyang Xiu, Zhang Xian and Yang Shen.
Bai Juyi (772-846), Han nationality, was born in Xinzheng, Henan (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou). He was called "Bai Yuan" with Yuan Zhen and "Bai Liu" with Liu Yuxi. He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. He is as famous as Li Bai and Du Fu and is a "poet demon". Bai Juyi's ancestral home was Taiyuan, Shanxi, and his great-grandfather moved to the summer suburbs (now Weinan North, Shaanxi). His grandfather Huang Bai moved to Xinzheng, Henan. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng on the 20th day of the first month of the seventh year in Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772 AD). Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years, and was called "Xiangshan laity". In August (846), five cases of Huichang, Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem to mourn him, saying, "Who taught Ming Lu to write poems for sixty years and make jade beads?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". I am very sad that the article filled people's ears for a while. "He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.
In his later years, Bai Juyi was made a prince, and posthumous title was a white father and a white man. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, and advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because of offending powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, and he was a good Buddha in his later years, so he was called Shi Fo, and he became a free and unfettered layman himself. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "the eloquent old woman". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.