There are several very special factors in Japanese architecture and furniture design that attract westerners most, including those factors.

W. Helsinki Railway Station in Finland (/KOOC-0/906 ~/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/6) Architect: E. Helsinki Railway Station in Shaning Finland was built in/KOOC-0/906 ~/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/965438, which was an early Nordic modernism. Basically, the outline is clear, the characters are distinct and the details are concise, which not only shows the characteristics of masonry but also embodies modernism. Eliel saarinen (1873 ~ 1950), the designer of Helsinki Fire Department, is a representative work of romantic classical architecture in Helsinki Railway Station. Although the classical and heavy style is scattered and round, it is a commemorative and plain look at Mira apartment, a masterpiece of architectural art in the 20th century (1906 ~ 19 10) Architect: A. Mira apartment designed by Gaudi Mira apartment in Jian Luo, Barcelona, Spain1906 ~/kloc-. A. Gaudi, a famous Spanish architect, explored architectural art and dared to find another way. Romantic fantasy tries its best to let plastic arts penetrate into three-dimensional space to build Mira apartment. The expressive surface gives full play to the imagination, and the architectural image is strange and grotesque. Combining the characteristics of Islamic architectural style and Gothic architectural structure, the original ecological plastic architectural model is explored in self-form. Lincoln Memorial in Washington, USA (19 19 ~ 1922) Architect: H. Bacon Lincoln Memorial was designed by American architect Henry Bacon, located at the end of Moore Avenue, with a height of 2,200 square meters. The memorial hall draws lessons from the traditional style of ancient Greek temples and is surrounded by 36 stone columns symbolizing the Lincoln period. Although the plane of the 36 States is like an ancient Greek temple, the mountain flowers of the Greek temple are not connected to the room. On the top floor, classical columns are placed on the top floor. Columns are arranged inside the memorial hall, and the walls of the side halls on both sides of the main hall are painted to show Lincoln's major events. The climax entrance of the whole memorial hall is located at the entrance of the statue of Lincoln Yang in the main hall. Guided by the vertical sequence of statues, the statues are solemn and solemn, and gradually we can see the sunshine scattered indoors illuminating the Lincoln Statue with a serious expression. The Lincoln Statues are arranged in a clever vertical and horizontal sequence, which leads to a solemn atmosphere. The design of this memorial building is a masterpiece. Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (1909 ~ 1923) Architect: R. Osterberg's call for creating new architectural styles in the 1920s has already risen in Western Europe, and the traditional architectural styles still maintain a strong momentum. 1923, falling into the city hall means respecting and inheriting Swedish traditional performances. Architect R Osterberg's town hall design respects and is restricted by classical architecture. The combination of historical architectural style and hands creates creative chairs with high and low shapes. Harmony between Reality and Reality Waterfront Architecture Several halls of the City Hall are luxuriously decorated, vulgar, poetic and picturesque in Northern Europe. Schroeder's residence is a masterpiece of national romanticism. Architect: G. Tweed's design. G. Tweed's furniture designers and architects are all influenced by Dutch de stijl. De stijl artists advocate that works of art should be composed of geometric figures and solid color blocks. Schroeder's "The House of stijl" advocates that the typical performance in the field of architecture is light. Simple wallboard, block glass group scattered at will, and the composition is similar to that of the famous Dutch painter mondriaan. Stereoscopic painting of Schroeder's residence. Many modern architects have influenced the Bauhaus school building (1926). Architect: W. Gropius complex was designed by famous architect W. Gropius and built in Youjiao Building in Dessau. According to the characteristics of the spatial layout of the three groups of dormitories in the practice factory, the combination group is independent and contacts the teaching building and the practice factory. The fourth floor occupies the other end of the dormitory and the sixth floor is connected. The restaurant and auditorium on the second floor are located in the group hub, connecting the administrative department. The teacher's office library building covers an area of 2,630 square meters, which is combined with the buildings with high and low levels to create a group of ornamental buildings that can travel and express the relationship between buildings with space. Bauhaus design features: paying attention to space design, emphasizing function and structural efficiency, the architectural beauty is consistent with the architectural purpose, the material performance, economy and exquisite construction are directly related to the school building, and the development of Bauhaus school and modern architecture has a great influence on Savoy Villa. Architect: le corbusier Savoy Villa is located in the suburb of Paris. Regal Villa was designed by le corbusier in 1920, which is far beyond the independent residence itself. Due to the important reputation of modern western architectural history, the classic works of modern architecture are related to the planning of all architectural cities in le corbusier. Le corbusier Xu's architectural concept was embodied in the early residential design. 1926 The comparison between the new building and the old building mentioned five characteristics of the new building: (1) The main room on the column floor has two floors; (2) Roof garden; (3) free plane; (4) transverse window; () Free Facade (transparent or transparent thin-walled at will) Savoi Villa comprehensively embodies the above characteristics, which is exactly the same as traditional residential buildings. The exterior is simple, but the interior space is complex, which is different from the traditional European residence. The 20th generation architecture shows fierce innovation and spiritual architectural concept. Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe 1929 Architect: 1929 The whole building was bombed in the Barcelona World Expo Pavilion. After the World Expo, the influence of museum production continued with the demolition and storage. The architecture of German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe fully embodies the principle of 1928. I believe that the Expo should be magnificent again, and the functional design ideas for the market should cross into the cultural field. The main body of Yuan Zhe architectural exhibition itself shapes the horizontal and vertical layout of architectural space. The use of transparent materials and structural modeling make the building enter a poetic level, and the main hall of the pedestal is established. Eight thin metal columns on the roof, marble glass wallboard, simple and smooth plates, criss-crossing, smart modeling and simple and complex spatial sequence are cut and connected; Indoor and outdoor are interspersed with each other, and there is no wonderful circulation space with cross section. There is no additional carving decoration in the whole building. The color, texture and quality of building materials are carefully selected in ten kinds of fine combinations and different proportions, making the whole building noble, elegant and elegant. The influence of bright quality on the exhibition hall of architectural art quality is unprecedented in history. In the past half century, the Spanish government decided on the original site at 1983. The exhibition hall for the reconstruction of Monhuchi Park in Barcelona, Spain was presided over by the famous Spanish architect C. Sisi. Architect: Xia Mei, new york (193 1) Architect:. New york's bustling Manhattan Island, an architectural firm, built the world in just 30 generations. The high-rise building-Dizhou Mansion, with a height of 38 1 m, has been the champion for 42 years. Today, the height of the imperial state capital is still in front of the world. The design started at Dizhou Mansion 19303, 1. Harmon began to erect the first steel column on April 7th, and installed the steel structure on September 22nd. 193 15, 1. Before it was completely completed and put into use, the average half-story of the steel skeleton was used for zero months. Until the 70th generation, the construction speed kept an excellent record, and high-speed steel members could be accurately manufactured in the construction process. Strict construction organization and beautiful flowing water villa (1935) Architect:. Wright's beautiful flowing water villa architect. Wright's classic work, designed by Kaufman, a German immigrant, has a building area of only 400 square meters. Since its birth, in this half century, new buildings have appeared constantly. The flowing water villa is listed as a key cultural relic and is well received and protected. The flowing water villa is located in a beautiful mountain forest. Wright villa has a complicated shape. The whole villa uses the cantilever force of reinforced concrete to stretch over the stream waterfall, and the building responds to self-renewal with the sound of four seasons changing. For example, the relationship between the nature of the architectural potential and the speed potential of the waterfall is that the ice and snow melt and the spring water rises strongly, making the building look more like a group. Before hibernating, the villa curled up and hung like an ice curtain in a waterfall in winter. North Rock flower cutting platform, decorated with ice, the building itself is densely covered with rocks and trees, and the flowing water is closely combined with industrial buildings, merging with its own environment, setting off the flowing water villa. Wright's work is particularly outstanding. It is a rare flower in the world architecture garden in the 20th century. Xiamen United new york Headquarters (1946 ~ 1952) Architect:. The design director of Hason Joint Headquarters is American architect Wallis Hason, who is the co-founder of Australia, Billy, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Sweden, Uruguay and Canada. 10 representatives of the inter-group advisory committee participated in the design advisory committee. Liang Sixian, the design advisory committee, first discussed 53 cases. 19478 In May, Le Corbusier, a children's architect, was responsible for the implementation of the basic case. The joint headquarters is located in 1952. The secretariat building, building, building and floor of the four buildings in the library are 39 meters high, and the blue-green glass curtain walls on the east and west sides are narrow at both ends. The side of the solid wall hall is concave, and the top of the crawling building is concave. Compared with the historical buildings sponsored by the government, the building complex of the joint headquarters is very special, with complex functions, innovative shapes and compositions. Compared with the previous buildings, the present joint headquarters building marks the modern architectural style. Marseille apartment was widely recognized in the 20th century (6 5438+0946 ~ 1952). Architect: le corbusier said Marseille apartment building is a famous representative of le corbusier. Apartment apartment is an ideal modern urban living unit. The first attempt is to understand the modern situation in le corbusier. The city is not only densely populated, but also quiet and sanitary. Giant motorcycle buildings in modern urban areas are ideal. The rooms in high-rise buildings are green, modern and tidy, and the road network is arranged on the same facade. Residential units almost include residential areas. Various welfare facilities are set up in the building. Marseille, the basic unit of the city, is designed and built in the suburb of Marseille, with 17 floors. There are 337 families in residential apartments, and about 1600 people live in Marseille apartments. The main body of the building is covered with precast concrete external wall panels. Due to the cast-in-place mixing, the concrete formwork was removed from the surface, and any treatment exposed the rough traces of the performers' operation, the concrete showed rough development. The original and simple artistic effect brought the laurel Langxiang Church (1950 ~ 1953), the ancestor of the Blues. Architect: le corbusier designed a church built by le corbusier at 1953. He advocates adopting new technology to meet the new functions of modern architecture and create new forms, and his architectural creation practice follows the rational principle. However, he designed a strange building seat with an earthquake in the mountainous area of the main church. Breaking through thousands of cathedrals, the shape is distorted, chaotic, super-deformed, grotesque and mysterious, standing like a rock, surrounded by mountains, Mount Yisheng, Langxiang Church, World War II, and le corbusier's design works are eye-catching, which represents the transformation of le corbusier's creative style and the development of modern western architecture, and has a heavy impact on new york Sike Building (65438+ 0954 ~ 1958). Ludwig mies van der Rohe was built in 65438+ 0954 ~ 1958, with a height of 40 stories and a height of 158 meters. Ludwig mies van der rohe philip johnson, a famous architect, paid attention to exquisite technology in 1950s of World War II, and the western architectural trend was dominant. Miss pursues purity. The precise planting trend of transparent buildings and steel and glass boxes represents the typical trend of summer in Sigra. The main body of West Gramxia is vertical, except for the bottom layer and the top layer. The wall of the external building is straight and tidy, the I-shaped section of the window frame is made of steel, and the copper bars increase the vertical momentum of the concave-convex wall. The whole architectural details have been carefully scrutinized, concise and meticulous, highlighting the aesthetic quality of materials and workmanship. Xigramxia realized the concept of Missburn in the early 20th generation, and recognized the classic works of modern architecture. The wooden indoor complex was built from generation to generation. Yukimoto Tokyo (1964) Architect: Dan Jiansan, an architect, designed the Yoyogi Gymnasium. The symbol of technological progress in the 60th generation broke away from the traditional structural modeling. The overall structure, internal space and structural form of several generations of wooden indoor complex gymnasiums all showed the characteristics of single construction. This culture is understood by the swimming competition hall of the Olympic Games. Indoor golf gymnasium and its facility-type comprehensive sports facilities adopt cable roof structure with high-voltage lines as the main body, creating special external modeling and decorative performance with tension and force. It seems that it can be traced back to the ancient prototype shrine. The original imagination says that the peak of the three-structure expressionism period is to give full play to materials, functions and structures. Only when proportion and historical view are highly integrated can architecture reach the peak of the development of the three modern buildings. Modern architecture and even works are drawn in two historical periods. Australian Opera House (1959 ~ 1973) Architect: J. Wu Chong Australia is surrounded by water on three sides near the Sydney Bridge. Groups of sails, berthing ports, white cranes and flying buildings stand on the island. Sydney Opera House is famous for its peculiar appearance. There are two groups of thin shells. Each group covers four halls, and the other two shells are placed in the dining room shell and hung with steel trusses. The two groups of thin shells are said to be very close, and the milky white tiles shine. Danish architect Wu Zhong designed the scale of Sydney Opera House. Pangzhan hectare is located at 0/9 meters away from the sea/kloc-,and the top of the high shell of Queliang granite base is 60 meters away from the sea, including 2,700 seats, 50 seats for music/kloc-,420 seats for opera house, rehearsal hall and exhibition hall. The cultural service facilities of the library have a total construction area of 88,000 square meters, and the audience staff can accommodate 7,000 people. The design of the full-scale comprehensive cultural performance opera house has been completed 14 years, and it has cost hundreds of millions of yuan to build widely. New york World Trade Beauty (65,438+0973) Architect: Dan Qishi, World Trade Center, Manhattan Island, new york. At present, the world trade of new york, the world high-rise building of the World Trade Organization, accounts for about $700 million per hectare. The complex consists of a customs building, a hotel, and two nine-story buildings dedicated to important government trade institutions and international commodity exhibitions-110-story towers. Both towers are completely cylindrical in shape, with each side being meters wide, and each tower covers an area of 10000 square meters. The total area of the two towers is 930,000 square meters. The outer wall of the building is lined with dense steel columns, and the outer surface is covered with silver aluminum plates. The building is subjected to wind pressure, and the displacement of the common wind-proof roof is measured to be 28 cm. International trade is 50,000 yuan, and its work per passenger is 80,000 yuan. There are 46 high-speed elevators in the two buildings, 1 14 interval elevators, 8 freight elevators and 55 passenger elevators. The elevator can directly accommodate the parking lot of 2,000 cars, and is connected with the railway to quickly evacuate the WTO staff and passengers. Paris (1977) Architect: Art and Culture in the Piano of R. Rogers R. Pompidou. The building area is about 65,438+100,000 square meters, with six floors and four floors. The building is equipped with industrial design, music and sound research institute, modern art museum, public information knowledge library and corresponding service facilities. The whole building is surrounded by criss-crossing pipe steel frames. It looks like a museum, but it looks like a chemical factory building. R piano British architect R Rogers * * *. With the design, the neglect of modern architecture plays a decisive role. The structural design changed the old concept, especially added structural equipment to celebrate the six-story steel structure, elevator cables, water pipes and ventilation pipes hanging on the facade and painted red and green. The architectural design of the architect's Italian architecture is similar to the mechanical frame device. The interior is spacious and sheltered, allowing the interior to be decorated with spiritual seats. The masterpiece of this century's high-tech architecture, the East Hall of the Art Museum, is beautiful in Washington (1978). Architect: I.M. Pei's expansion base of Yan Jia Art Museum creates a simple building base, which is limited by conditions and cooperates with the original building. The demand of architectural planning and so on are formidable challenges. 1978 is located in the East Hall of the Washington Museum of Art, including the art research of the exhibition hall. An important part of the open space between the building and the White House is complete in shape. Wedge (trapezoid) The door of the whole art museum must face 194 1. The research on the old museum (neoclassical building) and exhibition hall meets the requirements of the two departments, which brings some troubles: the two doors are designed as the trapezium of the door dog hole designer. Compared with the right triangle, the research door of the exhibition hall is equipped with an isosceles triangle with the bottom, and the research door is equipped with a concave slot seat between the two triangles. The concept of the whole building is transformed from a triangle. Rectangular space modeling is not so simple and elegant. The vertical and horizontal bridges in the floor space of the exhibition hall connect the vertical and horizontal bridges between the glass windows at the top of the central hall. Visitors' walking and walking change with the change of the space scene. The curtain of Wanduan East Pavilion, Classical Pavilion and beautiful buildings nearby was cut by President Carter himself to praise the architectural community. Maiatlan, Haiyi Art Museum (1983), art museum architect: R. Meyer is good at designing art museums. The appearance of Haiyi Art Museum is famous for its complex and changeable outline. R. Meyer's architectural works illuminate the light and dark layers with white sunlight. The interior space of the fan-shaped courtyard is rich in horizontal and vertical flow. Hong Kong HSBC Building (1985) Architect: N. Foster British architect N.FOSS. The appearance of special engineering buildings is obviously exposed. The bottom of the main building with steel columns and steel trusses is completely open from the second floor of the escalator, that is, the escalator enters the building space as much as possible. The ubiquitous architecture shows that modern technology belongs to high-tech architectural style. Although the building was decorated separately, the actual cost was high. Architect: the exposed structure of R. Rogers shows its high technology. The chair designed by richard rodgers, a world-famous architect, is located in Lloyd's headquarters building in London, including 12 floor, which can accommodate 10000 work insurance business hall and its two wings, in a stepped layout. Considering the continuous expansion of the company, the architect can design the expansion during construction to wrap the main pipeline and structure of the stair tower with steel plates to expose the building. Many architects are surprised by the innovative work, which reflects the new image given to the building by the highly developed industrialization level and makes the building sustainable. Paris (1988) Architect: I.M. Pei 1988 Building Extension Project. The important works of the world famous architect I.M. Pei are placed in the expansion of the Louvre, which is both narrow and difficult to avoid. The entrance of the extension is located in the central entrance of the main courtyard of the Louvre. I.M. Pei's research on surrounding buildings proves that I.M. Pei's design is closely related to the environment. The base of the pyramid is parallel to the building, that is, it is parallel to the position and layout of Egypt, and so is the pyramid. Strengthen the relationship with the environment. The pyramid is simple in shape, the whole glass wall is clear and bright, and there is no serious congestion. At first, the pyramids were widely praised. Another pool around the glass pyramid turned 45 degrees. The west triangle was cancelled, leaving a blank triangle as the entrance square. The architectural structure has three triangular pools and three adjacent pyramid triangular pools. The pool surface is like a mirror, and the clouds are light and the wind is light. The glass pyramid reflection pool is combined with the environment, adding another dimension to the building. The corner of the turning pool is adjacent to the other four triangular pools. Each triangular pool has a different shape and is parallel to the pyramid building. The fountain columns set off the crystal clear glass pyramid Napoleon Square, and I.M. Pei's architecture and landscape were integrated. Hong Kong Bank Building (1989) was completed. Architect: I.M. I.M. Pei Hong Kong Silver Mansion was planned and designed from the end of 1982 to the beginning of the bank's relocation in March/9. The basement area of the building is about 8400 square meters, and the surrounding elevated roads are bound with soil. In order to meet the requirements of floor space, high-rise buildings are needed. Central Hong Kong only develops at high altitude. The Bank Building is located on the 70th floor in Hong Kong, with a total height of 365,438+05m (together with the top line). The whole building is supported by four-corner giant steel columns with a height of 12. The welding support of internal and external additional series of steel bars is wrapped in concrete, which only gives the building a unique appearance. Compared with traditional buildings, it saves steel. The indoor column space is 52m× 52m, and the bottom floor of the building is triangular along two corner lines. I.M. Pei used his design to describe the new shape of the building, and the triangular matrix was skillfully transformed to increase the shape. Clean, lively and highly iconic, Hong Kong has a high urban outline system. The architect of Taishan Light Church (1989): Tadao Ando's church architectural design, Tadao Ando's works group, and the top ten unique buildings must arouse the spirit first. The abstract, pure, quiet and geometric space created by Tadao Ando in Ming Dynasty has made the quasi-spirit find a place to rest. The design of the light church is extremely abstract and simple. This square meter church is located in the corner of a quiet residential building in Osaka. The cement box is simple, and there is no traditional church. The interior of the iconic minaret has a very religious significance. This space presents a quiet beauty and the same atmosphere as this dry landscape stone garden. The architectural layout is based on the position of the church pastor's hall built by internal logs and the relationship with the sun. Decided to leave a cross-shaped cut on the concrete wall of the chapel to show the light. Cross-building interior should be minimized. The subject is defined by the light expression of elements. Tadao Ando's so-called self-abstraction operation: Museo Guggenheim Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain (1995 ~1997) Architect: F. Gai museo guggenheim bilbao is operated by new york Guggenheim Museum and provides exhibits for the 2 1 century museum, which was built in Bilbao, Spain. Building area of Guggenheim Art Museum10000m2. The shape of the main part on the banks of the Levene River is complicated, and the shape of the Unknown Museum is composed of curved blocks. The interior is made of steel structure and the exterior is decorated with shiny titanium metal. Total area of titanium plate10000m2. The unique architect F. Gai continues the recent style; Guggenheim was responsible for hoping that the building would be attractive. The design process of Peugeot F. cover will contribute to aviation design. Using computer software, F. Cover can make the overall layout of tiger wings progress and give full play to the idea of artistic packaging. The packaging scope is far more regular than the main exhibition hall of his works, which is still conducive to the layout of the first floor of the exhibits. Compared with the conventional base part, the auxiliary rooms around the main entrance hall of the invalid part have changed their shapes to gradually reduce the waterfront and urban overpass shape machines of the museum, and the unique museum has added some theoretical foundations (1998).