Manchu people worship crows and regard crows as divine birds, because crows have saved the Qing Taizu Nuerhachi and the Qing Taizong Huang Taiji. The crow's rescue of Qing Taizu has been mentioned in another article. Here, let's talk about the fate of Crow and Huang Taiji.
.. Zhaoling archway
In the third year of Tiancong, Huang Taiji personally led the Eight Banners to attack Ningyuan City (now Xingcheng) guarded by the Ming army, and was ambushed by Yuan Chonghuan, the general of the Ming army, and the Qing army was defeated. Huang taiji fled, followed by the Ming army. Walking, the horse lost its front hoof, threw Huang Taiji ten feet away, and its head was broken. Seeing that the Ming army was far away, Huang Taiji closed his eyes and waited for death. Suddenly, a flock of crows flew in and surrounded him. When the Ming army saw Huang Taiji lying on the ground, surrounded by crows, thinking that he was dead, they stopped chasing and went back to report the results. In order to thank the crows for their rescue, Huang Taiji told all the Eight Banners that anyone who shoots crows in the future will be beheaded! From then on, Huang Taiji regarded crows as sacred objects.
Once, a little eunuch scolded a crow because it fell on his face, and hit a crow. When Huang taiji knew about it, he ordered him to hit him hard. The little eunuch almost lost his life. Just as the little eunuch was still being punished by the jade slave, there was a flowing piano sound, mixed with the crow's cry. Huang taiji was overjoyed. He followed the sound and found beautiful Chen Fei playing the piano under the pine tree, and there was a big crow at the top of the tree. Huang taiji thinks crows are sacred, and coming to the temple in person is a good omen. From then on, Huang Taiji spoiled Chen Fei.
In his later years, Huang Taiji wanted to find a treasure trove of geomantic omen for his own use after a hundred years, so he invited many geomantic omen to look around, but no one liked it, which made him wonder. One evening, Huang Taiji led Baylor to hunt in the northern suburb of Shengjing. Suddenly, he saw a hare passing by. He quickly took off his bow, boarded the Jinling arrow and chased the horse away. The hare turned and ran away, disappearing into the grass half a man high. Huang taiji looked around blankly, his eyes staring blankly, thinking that my BMW couldn't catch up with the hare, strange! Suddenly there was a noisy sound in the distance. When he looked carefully, he saw a flock of crows perched on a big mound in a barren forest. He quickly removed the golden arrow from the string and inserted it into the quiver. He said to himself, "My late emperor was sheltered by this kind of thing. He was a hero all his life, but that's all. And after that? " Then turn the horse's head and lead Baylor back to Shengjing. Ten years later, the mound that was once pointed out by Huang Taiji became his mausoleum, which is today's Zhaoling.
.. panoramic view of Zhaoling
Zhaoling, also called Beiling, is located about 0/0 miles north of Shenyang. Here, Gu Song is towering, the lake is rippling with blue waves, and the golden tiles and red walls are dazzling, which fully shows the majestic momentum of the royal cemetery. The mausoleum area is long and narrow from north to south and narrow from east to west. The southernmost is Ma Xia Monument, and the northern is Huabiao and Shishi. There is a god bridge and a polyester well in the north of Shishi. Shenqiao is a stone archway, in the north. There is a small courtyard on the east and west sides of the stone archway. The East Cross Yard is a dressing booth and a clean room. The dressing pavilion is the place where the emperor changes clothes and takes a nap during the sacrifice. The clean room is the royal toilet. The West Courtyard is a provincial sacrificial pavilion and a building. Provincial sacrifice pavilion is the place where livestock and poultry are slaughtered during sacrifice, and building houses is the place for sacrifice. To the north of the stone archway is the main entrance of the mausoleum-Zhenghong Gate.
There are four stone carvings of Optimus Prime on both sides of Zhenghongmen Neishen Road, as well as stone beasts such as Shibeilou, Huabiao, Optimus Prime, Li Xiang, Lima, Lying Camel, Kirin and Sitting Lion. They are built on the left and right sides of Linglu Road in the park, facing each other. Among them, the stone horses named "Dabai" and "Xiaobai" were carved by two horses that Huang Taiji loved before his death. There is a stone tablet building in the middle of the north, in which stands the immortal merit tablet of Zhaoling in the Qing Dynasty. Fangcheng, Crescent City and Baocheng in the north of the Monument Building are the third part of Zhaoling. In Fangcheng, with Long 'en Hall as the center, there are attached halls in the east and west, and turrets are built in the four corners. Long 'en Hall is the enjoyment hall of the mausoleum, and Crescent City is adjacent to the north. The semicircle mound protruding from the middle of Baocheng is called Baoding, and below it is the underground palace where the coffin is buried.
Zhaoling was founded in the eighth year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (1643) and was initially completed in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1). Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties were all built and rebuilt, which is an accumulated building complex and the largest of the three tombs outside the Qing Dynasty.
.. Long 'en Gate in Zhaoling
According to the past, a good land of geomantic omen should at least have the conditions of "swamp in front and support in the back". The so-called "marsh" is a river and "leaning" is a mountain. According to geomantic conditions, Zhaoling is not good, because it is an endless plain with no rivers in front and no mountains behind. But did Huang Taiji choose this place as his tomb because of ravens? People all know the legend of "Shen Yu" in Yongling, the ancestral grave of Qing Dynasty. According to legend, after a long journey, Huang Taiji's father Nurhachi came to rest under a big elm tree. He put his parents' urn on the branch to find water and food. When I came back to get the urn, I couldn't pick it up anyway. It seemed to have grown. When he cut it with a knife, the tree bled outward, and the "wound" soon healed as before. Nuerhachi was so surprised that he had to rebury the urn box on the branch with soil and set up camp here to start a business. Later, he built the yongling in the place of this tree.
On the top of Zhaoling's giant treasure, there is also an elm tree, which may imitate the "holy elm tree" of Yongling, or it may have another meaning. Gathering crows, suggesting that they will be sheltered by this sacred object and stay with it forever, is probably a suitable explanation.
I don't know why Zhaoling (Beiling) has not become a district of Shenyang like Fuling (Dongling), but only a "Beiling Street" with a length of 256 1 m and a "Beiling Park" with an area of 3.66 million square meters. Of course, there are many streets, enterprises and units in Shenyang named after "Beiling", which was given to Shenyang by Zhaoling.
In fact, the area of the early tombs in Zhaoling was several times larger than it is now. According to the investigation of Fengtian historical sites, Fengtian Zhaoling Atlas and other related materials, the tomb starts from Ertaizi in Dadong District in the east, Xiaohantun in Hongqu District in the west, Santaizi in the north and Baoan Temple site in Nanhu in Heping District in the south.
.. Zhaoling Baoding
In the past, there were three rows of red, white and blue wooden stakes around the mausoleum as protection signs. Among them, the red pile is one mile away from the geomantic red wall; White piles are outside the red piles, and the distance between them ranges from ten feet to twenty feet; The green pile is about ten miles away from the white pile. On the green pile, it is stated that "soldiers and civilians are not allowed to take soil, stones, cut down or pick, and offenders are convicted; Mausoleum is an important place, and feng shui is very important. By setting up boundary markers, it is forbidden to collect firewood for farming.
Besides the boundary markers around Zhaoling, there are six Ma Xia Monuments, which stand in pairs. There are five styles of inscriptions on Xiama stele: Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese, Palindrome and Tibetan. Inscription: "Officials below kings, dismount here." Xiamabei is a symbol of feudal hierarchy. Every time an official travels, he has to get off and walk. Otherwise, it is illegal and will be punished.
The management of Zhaoling has two government offices: civil and military. One is called General Yamen, and the other is called Customs Yamen. The general yamen is mainly responsible for the defense of the mausoleum area, and the customs yamen is responsible for the sacrifice and the general repair of the mausoleum building. After the Republic of China, due to years of war, the national treasury was unable to make ends meet, and it was unable to overhaul Zhaoling, so that the cemetery building was dilapidated and withered. Since 1930s, Fengtian authorities have opened Zhaoling as Beiling Park, and set up inspectors and administrators for actual management.
.. a tablet of divine power and virtue.
After the liberation of Shenyang, Zhaoling, like many other historical relics, was valued and protected by the state and was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Liaoning Province. 1982, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2004, Zhaoling, together with Shenyang Forbidden City, Yongling and Ganling, passed strict evaluation at the 28th World Heritage Conference held in Suzhou and became a world cultural heritage. Now, this ancient mausoleum has regained its former glory and has been opened as the largest park in Shenyang. The garden management department makes full use of its unique natural environment, expands artificial lakes, adds pavilions, plants all kinds of flowers and trees, and injects modern life into this ancient cemetery, making it a famous scenic spot and tourist attraction at home and abroad.
It should be noted that when visiting Zhaoling, don't miss the following landscapes:
There is a strange phenomenon on the back of the monument: whenever it rains, there will be a person's shape on it, which looks like a "pretty girl", slim, with a high bun on her head and a good face, wearing a robe with a coat off, floating like a fairy. The more you think about it, the clearer the human form becomes. So throughout the ages, I don't know how many literati and dignitaries are interested, which has led to a lot of gossip. There is also a poem in Jingshilue that praises this scene:
"The ancient stones are both beautiful in form and spirit, which is better than the skillful hand of the painter. There are statues behind the two tombs (Fuling and Zhaoling), which can be included in the capital. " In the ninth year of Daoguang, a minister accompanied Xuanzong to Zhaoling to worship his ancestors. Because he heard that this monument was strange, he came to watch it. He said that this human figure is very similar to "Master Guanyin" and praised its vivid image, "clothes and fingers can be used" and it is a "made in heaven" god. "Shenyang County Records" also calls this a "sacred monument"; The monument is called "Beauty Stone" and "Guanyin Stone" in the Investigation of Fengtian Historic Sites. However, some people think that the human figure on the tablet is not a female body, and its human figure and hair are very similar to Guan Yu, the "Han Shou Hou Ting"; Some people say that its image is very similar to that of Guan Di in Guan Yue Temple. In short, different people see different scenes.
At the top of the two stone pillars, the locked tomb keeper carved a stone beast sitting in the south and squatting in the north, shaped like a dog, with a round head and bright eyes. Legend has it that the underground palace gate of the mausoleum is just below the stone altar. Two stone beasts are guarding the mausoleum. They are "beasts guarding the mausoleum", but they are chained. Why? Legend has it that when carving stone beasts, the blood of masons splashed on them. Over time, stone beasts have aura and often play around the mausoleum, scaring the nearby rural people. The guards sent troops to catch it, but they didn't catch it and wounded people. After reporting to the court, more officers and men were sent to arrest. Later, it was found to be a monster, and Emperor Jiaqing ordered it to be chained. Therefore, although the tomb guard beast in Zhaoling is a stone, it needs to be chained.
.. Guardian.
Ganoderma lucidum and dragon robe in Long 'en Hall There is a big camphor box in Long 'en Hall, which contains three dragon robes and three ganoderma lucidum. It is said that before Daoguang toured Shengjing to pay homage to the mausoleum, the customs officers sent people to clean the surrounding area. The next day, Daoguang came to Long 'en Hall in Zhaoling to attend a grand ceremony. Just as he was kneeling on the throne, he suddenly saw several weeds growing in the southeast corner of the platform, which made him very unhappy. The customs officer hurriedly knelt down and asked for forgiveness. Daoguang pulled down the grass and examined it. That's three Lingzhi grasses. He thought it was auspicious, so he turned anger into joy and forgave the customs officer's mistake. Please take good care of this treasure and put it on the confession whenever there is a big sacrifice. On the eve of his return to Beijing, he ordered his ministers to leave the three robes they were wearing and hide them with Ganoderma lucidum, asking them to offer sacrifices at the big sacrifice. In the 26th year of Guangxu, Russian soldiers invaded Shengjing, and the whereabouts of Longpao and Ganoderma lucidum were unknown.
Long Ye Mountain "Jiu Feng" has long said that Zhaoling is not a good place for geomantic omen, and there is no mountain behind the endless plain. However, for the eternal auspicious place of Emperor Taizong, the way of "artificial feng shui" was adopted to make up for the shortcomings and build mountains. In order to avoid damaging the feng shui of the mausoleum, the earth and stone piled on the mountain must be "foreign soil" and have to go to places several miles away. At that time, there was no machinery, and digging and moving earth depended on carts and people. It is conceivable how difficult the project is to pile up such a spoil mountain. "Shengjing Tongzhi" said that its mountain originated in the western foot of Changbai Mountain, from Changbai to Yun Qi in Yongling, from Yun Qi to Tianzhu Mountain in Fuling, from Tianzhu Mountain to Long Ye in Zhaoling, and it came down in one continuous line until Xitawan in Shenyang. This venous system is called "Longgang". Long Ye was founded in the eighth year of Shunzhi (165 1), and was named "Long Ye Mountain" in the same year, symbolizing the prosperity of Wang Ye in Qing Dynasty. The mountain is 20 meters high and 503 meters long from east to west.
Long Ye Mountain is behind Baocheng, "Zi Shan Noon Direction", taking the direction of due south and due north. Looking closely at the "Jiu Feng" on the mountain, the main peak in the middle is the highest, and there are four protruding points on the left and right, which are east-west, and the two ends are bent to the south, shaped like a crescent, like Wolong. This so-called "dragon wind" trend. After more than 300 years of wind and rain erosion, Long Ye Mountain has been much lower, but it still has its own characteristics on the overall layout of Zhaoling. Looking at Long Ye in snowy winter, the Jiu Feng on the mountain is clearly visible and very spectacular.