Because of his position, he participated in many official books and many of his own works, involving music, astronomy, yearbooks, geography, military affairs, history, Buddhism, medicine and many other fields. Shandong cuisine has achieved many things, but almost all the works have been lost. Up to now, there are only eight incomplete articles with more than 5,000 words, so we can't understand the whole picture of Lv Cai's thought and scholarship.
The most commendable thing about Lu Cai's erudition is his atheism. This idea is embodied in the book of Yin and Yang that he was ordered to publish and edit.
The Yin-Yang and Five Elements formed during the Warring States Period were based on the concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and combined with some religions, witchcraft and superstitions to explain some natural and social phenomena in daily life, thus forming an ideological system of idealism and theology. Yin and Yang books handed down from generation to generation are absurd and pedantic, which even Emperor Taizong can't tolerate. He said that the Yin and Yang books handed down from ancient times were "vain and superficial, and the benefits of the world were feared", so he ordered Lv Cai and Su Xue to "simplify the complex and use it".
In the process of publishing Yin, Shandong cuisine "replaced slang with Confucianism and replaced Confucianism with friends. Every family has a difficult experience, regardless of good and evil, but he has never understood the clouds. " Although Lv Cai's atheism belongs to Confucianism, it is not rigid. He criticized the religious superstition in Yin-Yang books and founded the atheism system with Confucianism.
Although more than 65,438+000 volumes of Yin and Yang books were approved by Emperor Taizong and awarded to the world, most of them have been lost, with only three volumes left: Xu Zhai Jing, Xu and Xu.
In the year of Lu Cai, Lu Cai quoted the Lenzing Sutra for the first time and said, "In ancient times, savages lived in caves. Later, it was easy for saints to cover the Yijing with palaces. " It was not until the Yin and Zhou Dynasties that fasting decided good or bad luck. Teacher Wu "said more than five surnames". The five surnames refer to Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. They believe that "everything in the world knows where it belongs, both good and bad." It can be seen that the theistic thought of Dazhuang lies in the theory of five surnames. Therefore, Lv Cai emphatically exposed and criticized the fallacy of the theory of five surnames.
First of all, Lv Cai pointed out that the method of "attaching five surnames" is self-contradictory. He said: "Zhang and Wang are businessmen, Wu and Yu are worries, and they should have the same rhyme;" The palace with Zhao as the angle is not a four-tone tube. At the same time, they share the same surname, belong to the court merchants, and have multiple surnames, which is different from Yu. " According to the principle of the law of contradiction, he pointed out that the theory of five surnames violates the logical law and is difficult to justify. Secondly, he took an examination of classical literature. In ancient times, there were no so-called five surnames, and there were no so-called books of yin and yang. "Wild and vulgar, but nowhere to go. It is not enough to point out the ignorance and fallacy of "modern teachers and witches". Finally, starting from the origin of surnames, he pointed out that the theory of five surnames was absurd. In the Yellow Emperor, "Ji and Jiang are surnames and give them to future generations. At most, they have a home. "Sixteen surnames such as Guan, Cai and Huo are descendants of Ji; Kong, Yin, Song and Hua are eight surnames, and the surname is Miao. As for everything else. He listed a large number of surnames and pointed out that they were "unknowable additions because of the city, the official and the branches and leaves." Shandong cuisine also took an examination of family classics, among which Chen, Wei and Qin Dou were surnamed Shui, while Qi, Zheng and Song were all surnamed Huo. This is the origin of their surnames, "or inherit ancestors, or belong to the stars, or stay at home, or be taken by the public, business, danger and Zheng." He concluded: "This incident has no historical significance, but it is also true for those who are good at upholding justice. After Lv Cai described the origin of surnames in detail, the superstition of "five surnames" collapsed.
Xu and Lv Cai first discussed the origin of this theory. In 200 AD, there was a story that Zhong Song and Jia Yi laughed at Sima Yi's divination. "Husband is a good sign. The master pleases people with his own life and creates wealth with his own destiny. " Wang Chong's Spring and Autumn Annals is also called "Seeing the bones and knowing the body". Because Ming Dow's theory has been practiced for a long time and is multilingual, people believe it. Lu Cai pointed out that people's wealth, dignity, longevity and happiness have absolutely nothing to do with Lu's life: "At this time, there is the same year, and there is difference between nobility and inferiority; It is even different to die at the same time but die young. " Lu said that Qin Shihuang was "a lucky man who had no beginning and no end." According to records from 0755 to 79000, Lv Cai pointed out that Qin Shihuang was "old and fierce and never died", but he only lived for fifty years. He also inspected the lives of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei and Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Song Dynasty, showing that the road to the Ming Dynasty had not been tested, thus exposing the hypocrisy and deception of the so-called "Gao spent his whole life trying to please others, set things right and make people as rich as possible".
In Historical Records, Shandong cuisine criticized and refuted the superstition advocated in Lun Heng with reference to Confucian classics. The first is to investigate the original situation of the funeral. According to historical records, burial books and other books. "The ancients buried countless mourning periods." Later, "saints use coffins easily." The original meaning of the word "buried" is "buried, hidden, so that people can't see". Later, there was a yin-yang burial method. Due to the repeated superstitions of Yin and Yang teachers and wizards, the technology of burial was once quite popular, as much as 120. They "say good luck or bad luck, detain but avoid more."
In order to expose superstitious thoughts such as auspiciousness and taboos in funeral, Lu Cailie listed the funerals of emperors, princes, doctors, scholars and Shu Ren in history, explaining that funerals are only "different in dignity and ceremony", but they are all "buried regularly", thus drawing the conclusion that "the year is not chosen". The so-called "rich officials" in the burial books are all caused by burial; Years prolong life, also known as good or bad "harmony", which is convenient for five surnames. Witches will deceive their own good or bad luck, while fools will pay attention to their own good or bad luck. As for "death", choose the burial place, hoping to get official goods; Ignorance of the ignorant and cunning of the warlock choose the way to bury geographical wealth in bad autumn.
Lu exposed the absurdity and hypocrisy of Cai and Li's Funeral Books, and fully demonstrated the value of his atheism with a large number of historical facts and profound reasoning analysis. However, his arguments are always based on Confucian classics such as Yi, Li and Chunqiu. But he lost the ability to criticize some superstitions in Confucian classics. For example, the death order in Family Classics records that "Huangdi has five old surnames", which is the origin of the five surnames, but he avoids talking about it; In the Book of Burial, when he talked about the opportunity of life, he did not deny the "opportunity". He said: "However, in order to accumulate well, don't forge the land machine; The accumulation of evil and evil is the reality of robbery and killing. God has no relatives. He always works with good people. He should respond to the misfortune and happiness that still affect him. " This shows that his atheism is incomplete.
Although Lv Cai's atheism thought has its limitations, his profound criticism of family classics, Kanda's public opinion and Xu still exudes the brilliance of materialism in that era when superstition of Yin and Yang prevailed and the world was in chaos.
Lv Cai is an atheist. He sharply criticized fatalism and various superstitions by summing up historical facts. In the fifteenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign, Lv Cai and a dozen other scholars were ordered to delete letters from their families. Volume 79: "Although the allusion is short, it is reasonable and reasonable." "It is good to have an argument, friendship is pushed, and family ties are extremely short." However, when you are confused by the other party, there is no cloud. "This shows that Lv Cai refuted the superstition of Feng Shui, divination and Ming Dow from the perspective of atheism, so he was opposed by Yin and Yang. In order to save vulgarity, Lu Cai adopted the popular language form of "less empty talk" in his works to achieve the effect of "easy to understand".
Lu Cai criticized some Yin and Yang superstitions in many aspects in his works. According to people's birth and appearance, predict the quality of life, high or low. Lu Cai pointed out that this is because the witch "talked about Lu's life to please people, but justified it to make people rich." In view of the popularity of "rich official goods" at that time, it was all caused by burial; Life is prolonged and absorbed by the ridge of the tomb. He pointed out that this was invented by witches in order to "profit from their loans and bribes" and thought that "Guan Yuhong could not be buried in front of others". Lu Cai also cited seven pieces of evidence to criticize Feng Shui superstition. To sum up, there are two characteristics. One is to apply the principles of nature. He said: "Day after day, it is the principle of Kun; When people are soft, elimination is auspicious. Or on the road day and night, I feel that between men and women, three lights are on the top, four spirits are on the bottom, and four are yin and yang classics, so I can't lose them. He attributed Yin and Yang to natural phenomena and their contradictory movements, thus reversing the mysterious theory of Yin and Yang. The second is to quote historical facts and criticize. For example, he quoted the Confucian classic Book of Yin and Yang to explain "rotten burial day" and "incredible burial".
In the Book of Ancient Tang Dynasty, Lu Cai emphatically criticized the superstitious form of the residence of the five surnames. According to the "five surnames" advocated by the Yin and Yang family, it refers to the public, business, coke, righteousness and jade. Everything in the world depends on them. It is the law to act for good luck or bad luck. With his rich musical knowledge, Lu Cai pointed out that this collocation "goes against the common sense of not caring for the elderly" and "is not based on classics". Lu Cai also criticized theological preaching and superstition with historical facts and logical reasoning.