Location principle of gas station
First of all, from an economic point of view, the location of gas stations
A gas station is a place where cars are filled with gas. Therefore, considering the interests of oil companies, gas stations try to choose places with large and concentrated traffic.
1. Location principles of gas stations in big cities
There are many vehicles in big cities, and there are usually several concentrated business districts and shopping districts. The passenger flow in these areas is large and relatively concentrated. Therefore, these areas should be the first choice for building gas stations in big cities. In the urban areas of the United States, many gas stations are built next to super department stores and warehouse wholesale stores. Because Americans' consumption habit is that the whole family will go out shopping at a relatively concentrated time every week, supermarkets and warehouse wholesale stores are their best choices. With the deepening of reform and opening up in China and the continuous development of market economy, foreign retail chain companies can be seen everywhere in China. Especially after China's entry into WTO, advanced international management concepts and experiences have been accepted and applied by China people. Domestic retail supermarkets, warehousing and other chain companies are booming and gradually forming different business districts in major cities. Therefore, the consumption of cities in China also shows a trend of centralization of time and place, and the business district with large and concentrated passenger flow is the first choice for new gas stations. Moreover, the main roads, intersections, intersections and urban entrances and exits in metropolis are also places with large traffic, and it is also a good choice to build gas stations in these places.
2. Location principle of gas stations in small and medium-sized towns
Different from big cities, small and medium-sized towns have several commercial concentration areas. Generally, the business districts of small and medium-sized towns are located in the city center, which is basically the only place for urban main roads. Therefore, when building gas stations in small and medium-sized towns, urban trunk roads and urban entrances and exits should be the first choice. Especially the towns around big cities are basically the main roads to enter big cities. In addition, the entrance of national highway and expressway is also a battleground for merchants, and some long-distance freight vehicles will basically come here to refuel and rest. These factors should be fully considered when building stations in these locations. Moreover, the opinions of the State Economic and Trade Commission on the development planning of gas station industry point out that the service radius of urban gas stations should be controlled at not less than 0.9 km, so the coverage of surrounding gas stations should be fully considered when selecting the site.
Second, from the perspective of environmental protection and safety.
As a small distribution center of refined oil, gas station has a large amount of refined oil entering, selling and storing every day. Refined oil and its vapor are not only flammable and explosive, but also toxic to some extent. Therefore, when choosing a gas station, we should not only consider economic factors, convenience and other factors, but also consider the surrounding environment and safety of the gas station.
As an advanced management concept, HSE has been widely used in various fields, and the petroleum and petrochemical industry also pays special attention to HSE management. The so-called HSE management refers to the management of health, safety and environment, and the HSE management of gas stations should start with safety and environment.
1. From a security point of view.
The safety of gas stations includes not only oil products, equipment, cash and checks, but also the safety of personnel. Due to the characteristics of refined oil sold by gas stations, gas stations should be built in open and well-ventilated places as far as possible. According to Article 4.4.2 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GBJ 16-87(200 1 revised edition), the total storage of Class A and Class B liquids is 51~1000 m3, and the fire protection distances from buildings with different fire resistance grades are/KLOC respectively. The safety of oil storage tanks in gas stations is much better than that on the ground, and the fire protection distance can be appropriately reduced. Considering the high importance of the first-class protective material, large building area and many people, although most of the building materials are first-class and second-class refractory materials, it is still necessary to keep a large fire-proof distance. Therefore, the fire-proof distances between the third-class gas station and the first-class protective material are determined to be 25m, 20m and 16m respectively, while the fire-proof distances between the third-class gas station and the second-class protective material are reduced to 20m and 16m respectively according to their importance. The workshop producing Class A and Class B articles outside the station has a great fire risk, and the gas station should have a large fire protection distance from such facilities. This specification is defined as 25m, 22m and 18m according to three levels. According to the regulations of the public security fire department, it is strictly forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers within the gas station 18 meters. Therefore, there should be no factories and workshops with open flames or sparks around the gas station, and it should be as close as possible to the crowded places in the urban area to prevent robbery and endanger the safety of gas station employees.
2. From the perspective of environmental protection
The refined oil and its volatile oil vapor sold in gas stations have certain toxicity, which can enter the digestive tract through skin contact, respiratory inhalation and esophagus, causing certain harm to the human body. The research shows that when the vapor content of light oil in the air is 0.28%, people will feel dizzy after 12 ~ 24 min. If the steam content reaches 1. 13% ~ 2.22%, acute poisoning will occur and people will find it difficult to support; When the steam content of oil is high. Diesel oil and heavy oil will produce highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, which will make the toxicity of oil products more serious. Hydrogen sulfide is denser than air, easy to accumulate in space and difficult to drift, which is very harmful to human body. Therefore, when choosing a gas station, we should fully consider the surrounding buildings and ventilation problems, and try to choose a place with good ventilation and a place with good surrounding greening, because some plants are natural bactericidal materials, which can absorb many harmful components in the air and reduce the harm to human body and air pollution.
A gas station is a place where cars are filled with gas. In the process of refueling, drivers are used to adding water and washing cars, which will produce a lot of sewage, which requires a good drainage and sewage system when choosing the location of gas stations. Moreover, sewage contains oil pollution, and the harm of oily sewage is enormous. Oily substances can form an oil film in water, which makes oxygen in the atmosphere insoluble in water and hinders the growth and survival of fish and other organisms: fish and shrimp live in polluted water for a long time, and their meat will smell fishy. In severe cases, oil pollution will affect the breathing of fish and lead to death; Irrigation of farmland with oily sewage will not only make grain smell oily, but also stick to soil and plant roots, which will endanger plant growth and even lead to crop death in serious cases. In addition, if oily sewage seeps into the ground, it will pollute the underground water quality. Therefore, in the construction of gas stations, in addition to setting sewage sedimentation tanks and taking some measures to absorb oil in sewage, the site should be far away from rivers and farmland, and sewage should not be directly discharged into rivers.
3. Prevent noise pollution
Noise pollution is a serious problem for gas stations in urban or residential areas. Generally speaking, the noise emitted by gas stations is not prominent and intense, but some gas stations are located in urban areas and residential areas, and all kinds of noises generated when paying oil at night are quite obvious, especially the starting sound of trucks and the rubbing sound of inferior tankers, so the location of gas stations should be avoided as much as possible. If site selection is needed, stations must be built in residential areas, and noise propagation control methods should be actively adopted for existing equipment, such as installing silencers on the appearance of mechanical equipment, installing silencers on air inlets, air outlets or pipelines, and absorbing sound on the ceiling, walls and cylinders of fuel shed business buildings. For noisy gas stations, sound insulation methods such as building sound insulation walls or planting trees can be adopted to minimize or avoid affecting the rest and work of people around.
Third, the principle of convenience.
In addition to the above factors, convenience is also an important principle to consider when choosing a gas station. When building a gas station in the urban area, the traffic volume is relatively large, and vehicles will stay in the station for a certain period of time when refueling, which may cause traffic jams during the rush hour when vehicles enter the station. Therefore, in the process of gas station construction, we should make full preparations from the aspects of site selection and vehicle guidance. , to be convenient and fast, not only convenient for car refueling, but also try to avoid interference with transportation and reduce road traffic capacity.
Location requirements of gas stations
(1) shall meet the requirements of the overall urban planning and environmental protection, fire protection and transportation departments.
(2) Gas stations should be arranged along both sides of the traffic load center of gravity of main roads. For urban traffic trunk roads, secondary trunk roads with convenient access, high-grade highways and expressways, gas stations should be arranged in combination with road entrances and exits.
(3) The location, planning and design of gas stations should be conducive to traffic safety. Avoid areas where traffic is too concentrated, such as intersections, and avoid cross-traffic jams between fuel trucks and passing vehicles, which will affect the traffic capacity of intersections. On both sides of the road with large two-way flow, the location can be selected symmetrically at a certain distance, which is convenient for two-way vehicles to refuel and reduces the lateral interference of vehicles turning and refueling on the road.
(4) The location of the gas station should have good visibility (no buildings or trees cover it). Not far from the back road, you can see its logo and shed edge at a distance from the gas station); Avoid choosing a site on a bend, because the driver's vision on the bend is blocked, and the speed of vehicles on the ramp is fast, which is a traffic accident-prone area and is not suitable for building a station.
(5) The site selection and planning and design of gas stations should avoid underground municipal pipelines such as structures, gas and heat, overhead high-voltage lines and communication cables. Avoid locating in areas with backfill subsidence, low terrain and high groundwater level, so as not to cause difficulties to the construction.
(6) There should be convenient power supply, water supply and heating conditions near the station site in winter, so as to minimize the investment in supporting projects outside the station.
(7) The fire prevention distance between the nozzle of oil tank, tanker and vent pipe of gas station and buildings and structures outside the station should not be less than that between the nozzle of oil kiln, refueling sight and vent pipe and buildings and structures outside the station!
Feng shui problem of gas station location
In the site selection planning of this factory office, the building where the old office is located is located in the south, and the gas station is located in the east earthquake position of the building. The office is generally the place where the decision-making level of the whole building works, and the gas station faces the old office. From the perspective of geomantic omen, the five elements of gas station belong to fire, which has a great influence on the thinking of decision makers. According to feng shui, it will make the owner angry and do things too arbitrarily. From another point of view, the building is close to the gas station, which is harmful to the environment and people.
At the same time, the old office building and the expressway just form a vertical intersection state. Feng Shui masters believe that this setting is easy to cause evil spirits in Feng Shui. If the owner does not move to the new site for various reasons, a row of plants belonging to gold or water can be planted between the office and the gas station, so that water and gold can put out the fire when these plants or articles are used in the formation.
There is a song in the river picture:? Raw water in the north, land 60%? 、? The fourth place in the west produces gold, 90% a day? . That is, the numbers 1 and 6 belong to water, and the numbers 4 and 9 belong to gold. In the fire prevention of this building, the digital method of river map can be used to decorate plants, such as planting deciduous trees and shrubs based on 4, 9, 1 6, or placing aquatic plants such as anemone brevispicata and kohlrabi, and golden plants such as Du Ying and Shui Rong with sharp leaves to form a constellation similar to a spoon, so as to control the fire with water and protect the owner's safety with gold.
Kanyu believes that the best choice for the office in this building is to transfer, and the new office can be located in a place parallel to the expressway, because there are many people on the expressway, which can accumulate wealth and the traffic is poor. If you have enough financial resources, you can move the new site to the south, leaving room to set up a gossip-shaped fountain in Suzaku (that is, directly opposite the door). According to Kanyu, this place is called Tang Ming, and you can make money by diverting water to Tang Ming. In addition, the building is far away from the main road, which can reduce noise, integrate beautification, environmental protection and fire prevention, and is a better layout for building office buildings on this land.
Beside the fountain, cinnamon belonging to gold, murraya murraya or Phyllostachys pubescens belonging to water can also be planted to improve the gas field quality. On the left and right sides of the new office building, lotus magnolia, Du Ying with sharp leaves, Prynne or Podocarpus can be planted. Strengthen the spirit of Qinglong and Baihu.