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Hemudu? What is this? I think of several explanations: there are a group of people living in a small village in the south of the Yangtze River and in the east of Zhejiang Province? Interesting? People. Human barbarism belongs to the living area of clan settlement. One that historians and archaeologists can't put down? Neolithic culture? Ruins.
Its appearance disrupted the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization? The footsteps of history? ; Rewrite historical archaeology as? Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River Basin? The preliminary conclusion; It has changed people's backward impression of barren, primitive and naked in the new era. Although living in a primitive society, the production tools and utensils made by Hemudu people are not backward in the eyes of modern people, but there are still some. Cute? Works are like works of art.
A large number of bone fossils, stone tools and pottery unearthed from Hemudu site tell people that Hemudu people lived a rich, happy and happy life here 7000 years ago, and also created a splendid and prosperous human civilization.
As soon as faults and fossils enter the Hemudu Site Museum, the first thing they show people is a huge picture. Stratigraphic signs of Hemudu site? Wall. It can be seen from the different cultural relics unearthed from different geological layers displayed on the wall that Hemudu site has four cultural layers. The nearest floor is about 4700 years old, while the farthest floor at the bottom is 7000 years old. In other words, this group of ancient people who created magical culture once lived in Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang for 2000 years. Let's take a look at these experts excavated from Hemudu site. Surprise chin? Fossil.
The water chestnut fossil is just one of a large number of wild fruit fossils unearthed from Hemudu site. These fossils tell us that the ancient Hemudu people who lived 7,000 years ago did not lack food. This place was warm and humid, and there used to be a large area of dense forests. The inexhaustible wild fruits can ensure that Hemudu ancestors have enough food all day. This group of fossils tells us that our ancestors who lived 7,000 years ago have long been away from eating and drinking blood? Tragedy? In life, they can not only make pottery, but also cook rice, soup and fish in clay pots, and even pick up the rice crust on the cooker as snacks? Dog bone fossils, this is just one of a large number of animal fossils unearthed from Hemudu site. Other fossils unearthed in the same period include pigs, sheep, chickens and buffaloes, indicating that Hemudu people began to domesticate livestock 7000 years ago. In addition, when there is enough food, they will temporarily keep the captured animal cubs in captivity for later use.
Perhaps for some human animals, they will not be willing to slaughter them, but keep them as pets. They have dogs, fish and turtles, and maybe even? Raise elephants. Two birds, the ivory butterfly, are called? Exquisite works of art in the barbaric era of mankind? . This mysterious musical instrument engraved with the patterns of the sun and birds is actually made of ivory, so it is named because it looks like a butterfly. What do those complicated lines and symbols that don't know the meaning seem to convey to people? Holy? News. Its appearance has aroused great interest of historians and archaeologists, and people have speculated on its use and significance, but they still can't understand it, so it became? Unsolved mystery through the ages? .
The cultural relics unearthed on the fourth floor of Hemudu site in the bay tell people that the plain where Hemudu site is located was a bay in ancient times, and such a low-lying hillside is the only land in the bay. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers and has a pleasant climate, so it has become the livelihood of Hemudu people? A treasure trove of feng shui? .
However, there are unexpected events. Since about 6000 BC, repeated floods have destroyed the homes of Hemudu people. After 1000 years, an unprecedented flood broke out here. In this natural disaster, the channel of Yaojiang River was changed, and the plain where Hemudu people lived became a swamp. Hemudu people had to find another way out and start a large-scale migration, and then fled to the world and scattered?
After 5000 years, Hemudu Village and Yaojiang became quiet again. There are only dozens of families in this ordinary small village, and the villagers know nothing about the ups and downs of human evolution. 1973 One summer day, the villagers in Hemudu accidentally found some strange stones during their work. These stones seem to have traces of being processed, and they can't tell which era they belong to and where they come from, which has attracted the attention of archaeologists.
Later, archaeologists excavated tombs, pottery, tools, grains, animal bones, and a whole? A village where ancient humans lived.
Four wise ancestors
Archaeologists excavated numerous sites in Hemudu village? Number one? .
The earliest rice planting technology Hemudu site unearthed 6,000 years of artificially cultivated rice, which broke the Indian record in one fell swoop. The earliest rice was 4300 years ago? Records, is an outstanding representative of prehistoric farming culture in southern China. These rice husks, rice leaves and sawdust were mixed together and found in the upper part of the fourth cultural layer of Hemudu site.
From the investigation of these relics, archaeologists found that Hemudu people were not satisfied with convenient food sources. Perhaps the handy way of collecting wild fruits will also make them feel boring, so they are happy to do it? Research? And then what? Invention? Observe the growth law of wild rice day after day, domesticate wild rice into artificial cultivated rice with a complete planting system, and master the earliest rice planting technology of mankind.
Without metal tools, the agricultural development level of Hemudu people is much higher than we thought.
The earliest artificial cultivation of tea trees
Hemudu site covers a total area of 50,000 square meters. In Tianluoshan ancient village, about 8 kilometers away from Hemudu village, 6,000-year-old tea trees were unearthed, belonging to Hemudu culture? Probably the earliest artificially cultivated tea tree? .
The earliest tenon-mortise structure building
In Hemudu Ruins Museum, there is an open-air meadow with hundreds of square meters, surrounded by a circular wooden sightseeing plank road, standing in the grass? Rotten wood? Look at the wood carefully, there are traces of being processed.
Archaeologists found that this relic was originally made of stone by Hemudu people? Peeler? , and then cut the wood into stakes, beams, boards, chisel out the base, and build rows of neat houses.
This is a great progress in the history of human development. These mortises and tenons, which can firmly connect wooden boards and stakes, appeared more than 2,000 years before the Bronze Age. Before that, people were right? Primitive people built houses? This impression has always stayed in? Tree house? . Architectural experts define the overhead houses created by Hemudu people as? Dry column building? , also known as? A miracle in the history of architecture? . Are they from ancient humans? Arboreal? Overliving on land is also an important source of mainstream technology of traditional wooden buildings in China. I saw an archaeologist repair it with unearthed wooden components in Hemudu Site Museum? Hemudu people's house? Although it is low and simple, it is only covered with straw mats and thatch, but it is cleverly adapted to local conditions. They are moisture-proof, insect-proof and animal-proof, enough to shelter from the wind and rain in this water town. I think they are a bit alike? Short leg version? The diaojiao building of southwest ethnic minorities is also a bit like the folk houses in Southeast Asia. When I was driving to Laos before, I saw similar architectural drawings by the Wanrong River.
The earliest paint
Hemudu people mixed the transparent mucus produced on lacquer trees with mineral powder, made color pigments and painted them on the surface of utensils, which was the earliest discovery so far? Painting process? Is it also the importance of human aesthetics course in practical household appliances? Set sail? .
The earliest water well Hemudu site unearthed several fences with a square shape of 1m and a depth of about 1.5m, which were identified by experts as the earliest water wells of mankind.
The oldest bone farm tool: bones.
The bone and stone tools used by Hemudu people are the predecessors of modern agricultural machinery, and they are also agricultural tools such as shovels, hoes and plows that we see every day.
Five gifts
Primitive people admire? Everything is animistic? For them, everything they get belongs to nature? A gift? Those animals and plants that are closely related to production and life are also special? Mysterious power? . Hemudu people have mastered the technology of clay smelting and pottery making. They use simple and emotional lines to describe everything related to life on these pots and pans shaped by clay strips and fired at 850℃. With a vivid and simple artistic image, it is entrusted with naive and simple feelings. Totem is their spiritual sustenance, and boat is their means of transportation. They cut down trees, build houses, grow rice, fish and look for food. They greeted the new life with cheers and songs, and built public graves to see the dead off. Found it by accident in Hemudu Ruins Museum? Urn burial? The custom is very similar to the child burial ceremony in Yangshao culture with a history of 6700 years, which is known from Anbanpo site in Xi 'an. That is, the young deceased who died abnormally were buried in the ground with clay pots. This custom is still used in many places today?
Whenever the red sun rises, Hemudu people start farming, carrying baskets, boating and fishing for a day. On those bright nights, Hemudu people also sang and danced around the bonfire to share the joy of harvest. Their life is bitter but not bitter, bitter but not astringent, with emotions and interests that modern people can't understand?