The design of self-built houses can be completed in two ways:
Method 1: Find a drawing directly from the Internet or ask a friend for it.
If you want to do this, please follow these steps:
Step one. First, ensure that this set of drawings is complete, accurate and professional.
1. A complete set of drawings.
A complete set of drawings should include: renderings, construction drawings of buildings, structures, water supply and drainage, and electricity. Generally, the so-called ready-made drawings that can be found on the Internet are mostly only one renderings plus several floor plans, which are far from the construction depth and are not a complete set of drawings. Because the drawings are not deep enough, if you only hand over the renderings and plans to the construction team, the responsible construction team will ask you to find an architect to deepen the plans into construction drawings. Irresponsible construction teams may also dare to do it. If so, I can assure you that the building finally made by the construction team is not what you want at all.
2. An accurate set of drawings
Accurate, requiring the renderings to match the construction drawings of the four majors. It's not clear that the renderings show a sloping roof, while the construction drawings show a flat roof. The drawings of buildings, structures and water and electricity cannot contradict each other. According to my experience, many drawings found on the Internet do not correspond to the renderings and floor plans.
3. A set of professional drawings
From a professional point of view, this should be a good design.
(1) From the planning point of view, we must first ensure that this design scheme can be perfectly combined with the construction land. It is necessary to ensure that the building scale of the design scheme does not contradict the scale of construction land. After placing buildings on the construction land, all four directions should have a certain distance from the land boundary. After the design scheme is put on the construction land, the relationship between the building and the surrounding area should be harmonious, including the relationship with the surrounding roads and buildings. For example, there is only one entrance to the north of the construction land, but the entrance to the building is placed in the south, which is inappropriate. For example, there is a relatively high building on the south side of the construction land that blocks the lighting, so the main direction of the building should face east, and it is not appropriate for the main use space of the design scheme to face south.
(2) From the architectural point of view, a good apartment design should conform to the following six principles: adequate lighting, good ventilation, static and dynamic zoning, separation of cleaning and pollution, short streamline and moderate area. I won't say it here. If I really want to say it, I can write a book.
(3) From the perspective of structural specialty, structural design should conform to the principles of safety, economy and rationality. For example, is the structure a brick-concrete structure or a frame structure? If it is a frame structure, we should also consider whether it is a square column, a special-shaped column or a short-leg shear wall. Is the foundation form brick foundation, rubble foundation or reinforced concrete foundation? Is the seismic fortification intensity determined according to local requirements? These designs should give consideration to safety and economic rationality, which is a good structural design.
To ensure the professionalism of the drawings, it is difficult for the owner to guarantee it alone. It is suggested that it is best to find a professional architect to review the drawings to ensure that there will be no professional loopholes in the drawings.
Step two. Secondly, make sure the design scheme of this set of drawings makes you satisfied.
1. First of all, you should be satisfied with the appearance of the building. The appearance of the building is mainly reflected by the renderings. Under the condition of ensuring the accuracy of drawings, the renderings can reflect the final architectural effect to a great extent.
Secondly, you are satisfied with the internal space function of the building. Ask yourself, does this set of ready-made drawings really reflect your needs? According to my experience, 99.9% of the owners will be dissatisfied with the function of the ready-made drawings. For example, can the living room be made bigger? Can you widen the kitchen? Can we add a bedroom on the first floor? Can you make a balcony on the second floor? Can I add a bathroom to the master bedroom on the second floor? Can the terrace on the third floor be bigger? This is completely understandable, because even if the architect carefully designs the drawings after listening to the needs of the owners, the owners are likely to have various opinions, not to mention a set of ready-made drawings directly brought. Once the whole set of drawings is revised, even if it is only a small modification, such as adding a room on the first floor, the impact on the whole design will be subversive, and the whole set of drawings will basically need to be redrawn. Especially the structural construction drawing, because the structural components of the whole building need to form a complete system, and this system needs to ensure the robustness of the building through various complicated stress calculations on the computer. As long as the length of a column or a beam is moved, the whole stress system will change and the structure must be calculated. The modification of architectural design is a typical one that affects the whole body. Most of the time, changing the picture is really good.
3. Building houses in many places needs to be checked by Feng Shui master. Does this set of drawings need to be submitted to the Feng Shui master for review? As long as you have this demand, I can guarantee that no matter how reasonable the design of this scheme is and how it conforms to the principle of geomantic omen, the geomantic omen master will definitely let you modify the scheme. Don't ask me why, this is the meaning of feng shui master's existence.
Well, if you really find a complete, accurate and professional drawing directly, then you are very satisfied with the facade modeling and internal space functional layout of this design, and this scheme has completely passed the review of Feng Shui master. Well, congratulations. You can directly take this drawing and give it to the construction team to start work. In addition, I suggest you buy a current lottery two-color ball by the way. Don't ask me why.
Method 2: Find a professional architect.
If the method fails (almost certainly), it is better to find a professional architect to design it. The following will explain this from three aspects: "What kind of architect is the right candidate", "How to find the right architect" and "How to talk with the architect about the design fee".
(1) What kind of architect is the right candidate?
1. Being able to go to the site in person is convenient for face-to-face communication with the owner.
The Internet era has transferred most offline transactions to online, which is the trend of the times. However, architectural design services and online transactions are still difficult to replace face-to-face transactions. Architectural design services require very high information exchange, and the disadvantages of online communication compared with face-to-face communication are very obvious.
It is very important that architects can go to the site. It is difficult for the information provided by the owner to cover all the factors that affect the design, and the architect's focus on the site is different from that of the owner.
Face to face communication is also important. The communication efficiency through text and voice communication on the Internet is incomparable to face-to-face communication. One of the most important disadvantages of online communication is its slow speed. A scheme may be completed in half an hour when you have a face-to-face conversation with the owner. It can completely express all the ideas of the architect, and you can also receive immediate feedback from the owner through expressions and dialogues. It is impossible to communicate so efficiently on the Internet. Online communication is not instantaneous, and it is not as smooth as face-to-face communication, so it is likely to miss some important information that affects the design.
2, have more than three years of work experience.
Although the self-built house design project is small, the sparrow is small and complete. A suitable architect should be able to complete a project from beginning to end, from understanding the customer's needs in the early stage to scheme design and construction drawing design. In the whole process, architects need to accurately grasp the needs of the owners, and put these needs into the architectural scheme design, be able to respond to some reasonable or unreasonable requirements of the owners, be able to persuade the owners to accept their own design schemes, and be able to organize the professionals of structure, water supply and drainage, and electricity to jointly complete the construction drawing design. Without more than three years of work experience, it is difficult to be competent.
3. Experience in villa or private house design is preferred.
The requirements of large projects are different from those of small and micro projects. An engineer who can build an aircraft carrier may not be able to build a fishing boat. Small projects need overall control ability. General architecture students go to work in big design institutes as soon as they graduate. They usually do tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of square meters of large projects. Many large design institutes have a very fine division of labor, some are responsible for communicating with the owners, some specialize in making plans, and some specialize in making construction drawings. Many people may be proficient in one aspect, but lack the ability to control the whole project as a whole.
(2) How to find a suitable architect?
1. If you have relatives and friends who are architects, just contact him directly.
2. If not, ask relatives and friends in construction-related industries, such as real estate companies, construction units and building materials sales. People in these industries are more likely to get in touch with and know architects.
3. If you can't find a construction-related industry, you must cast a wide net. Ask classmates, colleagues and alumni, and there will always be people who have the resources in this field.
4. If all these methods have been tried and no suitable person has been found, there is an ultimate method, which is to go directly to the local architectural design institute to talk to architects!
If you really get to this point, you should also pay attention to several skills. First of all, you can't go there for work. It should be noted that you are not going to the design institute to discuss business ... If you are not familiar with the leaders of the design institute, then the design institute will not accept the design of your self-built villa, because it is unprofitable for the design institute to accept such projects, and it is a loss-making business. You need to hire an architect to do private work. Imagine that you go to a working design institute, walk to a desk full of architect's drawings and tell him that you want to ask him to do private work. At this time, colleagues around him cast strange eyes. How dare you make him promise you? Although it is normal for architects to do private work, such things should not be blatant. So you should go there after work and wait for them at the company gate. When the employees of the design institute come out from work one after another, you should find a single male employee, in his twenties and thirties, who doesn't look like he can have a girlfriend (this kind of architect has more spare time), and then introduce himself and explain the theme directly. Pay attention to your clothes and manners, at least make people look like people who can afford a villa. Of course, if you are a beauty, forget the last sentence. Generally speaking, after doing this, you can get in touch with the staff of the design institute. It would be best if the staff happened to be architects. If not, you can also ask him to introduce you to a suitable colleague.
(3) How to talk to the architect about the design fee.
Don't ask how much it costs to make this design as soon as you come up. This is not going to the vegetable market to buy pork. Sit down with the architect first and have a good chat, so that the architect can understand the general situation of the project and the needs of the owner. At the same time, it is also an opportunity for you to learn more about architects. Tell him the size, orientation and surrounding environment of the plot (including roads and buildings, etc.). ), the building area, the general function of each floor, and whether the future plan should be reviewed by Feng Shui master. If the architect is interested in this private job, he should also take the initiative to introduce his education, work experience and similar project experience.
After the two sides have a certain degree of understanding, the architect should take the initiative to quote the design fee according to the scale and difficulty of the project and the requirements of the owner for the project.
Generally speaking, there are two ways to quote architectural design fees. One is to quote the unit price per square meter of construction area, and finally settle the total design fee according to the total construction area. The other is to directly report the total cost of project design. There is no absolute uniform standard for design fees. Even for the same project, different architects charge different fees. Because the results of architectural design are different in quality, different architects can give different design results and service quality. You can't expect an architect who just graduated and an architect with ten years' work experience to charge according to the same standard.
Here is a simple floating range of design fees. According to the different requirements of the owner, the design fee can be divided into three different standards:
1. If your budget is very limited, you only want the space layout of the house to be reasonable, and there is no requirement for the opposite shape, so you don't need to make the renderings of the facade. Moreover, the scale of the building is small, perhaps only one or two floors, and the layout is relatively simple and regular. The construction team does not need construction drawings, but only a floor plan, so the design fee of a private house should be between 1000~3000. For example, the house you want to build is like this:
2. If your budget is limited, you only want the space layout of the house to be reasonable, there is no requirement for the negative modeling, and you don't need to make the effect drawing of the facade, but you still need to make the construction drawing for the building with a certain scale, then the design fee for making the construction drawing for a private house should be between 5000 ~ 10000. For example, the house you want to build is like this:
3. If your budget is still sufficient, besides the requirements for the spatial layout of the house, you want to make the house look better and need to design the facade effect map, then the design fee for a set of private building drawings should be between 12000 ~ 30000. For example, the house you want to build is like this:
The floating lower limit of design fee here can be considered as the standard of a newly graduated architect, and the upper limit can be considered as the standard of an architect who has worked for more than 5 years and has some experience in private house design.
At this point, if both parties can reach an agreement on the design cost, the architect can start his design work.
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