I. Bank protection:
Revetment is a retaining wall facing the water surface, and it is a hydraulic structure that supports the land and prevents the bank wall from collapsing.
Revetment is used to maintain the boundary between land and water and keep it in a certain proportion. A revetment is a retaining wall facing water, which is used to support the soil behind the wall. If the water boundary is not revetment-treated, the shore wall will easily collapse due to water floating, frost heaving or wind and waves scouring, which will lead to land retreat, shoreline deformation and image landscape damage.
Revetment can ensure that the bank slope of water body is not washed away. Usually, the degree of bank slope erosion depends on the size of water surface and water level. Wind speed and density of shore soil, etc. When these factors reach a certain level, if the water bank slope is not treated by engineering, the bank slope will be unstable and cause damage. Therefore, it is necessary to design revetment along the coastline to ensure that the banks of water bodies are not washed away.
Revetment can also enhance the landscape level of coastline. In addition to supporting and preventing erosion, the revetment can also be treated in different forms to increase the change of the revetment, enrich the elevation level of the waterscape and enhance the artistic effect of the landscape.
1, the shape of the revetment
According to the modeling form of revetment, it can be divided into regular revetment, natural revetment and mixed revetment.
2. Masonry slope protection
Masonry revetment refers to the revetment directly built on natural foundation, with a small buried depth but a solid foundation. Such as tiger skin stone revetment, strip stone revetment, rockery revetment and so on. The selection of this kind of revetment should be based on the conditions of foundation site and waterscape requirements, and can be treated according to rules or nature.
3. Pile foundation revetment
Pile foundation is an ancient hydraulic foundation practice in China. When the local and surface layers are loose soil layers and the lower layers are solid soil layers or bedrock, pile foundation is most suitable. Characterized in that the bedrock or solid soil layer is located under the loose soil layer, the pile tip is driven downwards, and the upper load is transferred to the solid soil layer behind the bedrock below through the pile tip; If the pile foundation can't hit the bedrock, the friction pile will be used to transfer the load to the surrounding layers through the friction between the side of the friction pile and the soil, thus achieving the purpose of controlling the depth.
4. Bamboo fence slope protection and plate wall slope protection
Bamboo pile and sheet pile revetment are another kind of pile foundation revetment. After piling the revetment, the water surface wall on the upper part of the foundation is inlaid with bamboo fence pieces or plates, which is suitable for temporary revetment. During construction, bamboo piles. Bamboo fences should be coated with asphalt to prevent corrosion. The top of the bamboo pile is cut off by bamboo seams to prevent rainwater accumulation, and the bamboo pieces are embedded directly, tightly and firmly.
Second, the slope protection:
Slope protection is widely used in landscape engineering because it can produce natural hydrophilic effect on natural gentle slope with water body. The selection of slope protection method should be based on the purpose of slope bank, the perspective effect of landscape construction, the geological conditions of water bank and the degree of water erosion. At present, the commonly used methods are paving stone slope protection, shrub slope protection and turf slope protection.
1, stone slope protection
When the bank is steep, stormy or needs to be beautified, stone paving can be used for slope protection.
The construction method is as follows: firstly, the slope bank is leveled, and a trapezoidal groove with a width of about 40~50cm and a depth of about 50~60cm is dug at the lowest position. Before paving stone, the cushion should be laid first. The pebbles or gravel of the cushion should be of the same size and uniform thickness. When paving stone, it should be laid from bottom to top. The lower part should choose large stones to increase the stability of slope protection. When paving, the stones are T-shaped, parallel to the bank slope, and paved line by line. Stones should be closely connected. If there are sharp edges and corners, knock them off with a hammer. Check the quality after paving, that is, does the paver move when walking on it? If it does not move, the construction quality meets the requirements. The next step is to embed the cracks in the stone with gravel, and then tamp the stone.
2. Shrub slope protection
Shrub slope protection is more suitable for slope banks with large water surface and gentle slope. Shrub for slope protection should have the characteristics of fast growth, developed root system, water resistance and moisture resistance, and the plants are short and evergreen, so swamp plants can be selected for slope protection. During construction, it can be planted directly by sowing, but it needs a large planting density. If the change of the skyline needs to be strengthened due to the landscape, appropriate amount of grass and trees can be planted.
3. Grass slope protection
Turf slope protection is suitable for gentle slope of lakeshore with gradient between 1:5 ~ 1:20. Grass species for slope protection require water and humidity resistance, developed roots, fast growth and strong viability, such as Pteris vittata and Bermuda grass. The practice of slope protection depends on the specific conditions of slope surface. The most common slope protection method is to plant grass in blocks or strips. When spreading grass, spread it into a net from bottom to top along the slope, and fix it with wooden squares, and press it slightly.