Looking back, I think the mausoleum system after Qin and Han Dynasties was gradually developed by the mausoleum system of Qin and Han Dynasties. Society is constantly advancing and history is constantly developing. The tombs of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties are not much comparable to those of the Qin and Han Dynasties. On the one hand, we should realize that there are magnificent buildings in the Qin and Han tombs that are not inferior to later generations, but they have not been preserved because of the age and war. On the other hand, we should also realize that different conditions of the times, different levels of productivity development, different levels of people's understanding and different things are created. The history of China is a process of inheritance. It is a kind of chaotic thinking to use the latter to accuse and deny the former. Just as some people deny the saying that people who draw water don't forget to dig wells, they always refute it with the current advanced technology and dig wells in minutes. So is the inheritance and development of the mausoleum system. Without the exploration experience of the previous generation, there will be no innovative development for future generations to learn from the lessons of the previous generation.
This paper is divided into two parts. The first part briefly discusses the layout of the Western Han Mausoleum, and the second part selects some photos of the existing Menque site of the Western Han Mausoleum, showing a microcosm of the existing site of the Western Han Mausoleum.
The establishment of the mausoleum system in the Western Han Dynasty is also a process of gradual development and evolution. Han inherited the Qin system, and many systems of the Western Han Mausoleum were inherited and developed from the Qin Mausoleum, such as Tibetan system and mausoleum system. The Western Han Dynasty implemented the imperial burial system. The emperors sealed the land and built graves in the same cemetery. This burial system is called "the same cave". In the early Western Han Dynasty, at least before the Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, there was no separate cemetery after the Emperor. The mausoleum is in a large cemetery, and the walls of the mausoleum are rammed around. The burial sites of emperors in previous dynasties basically followed the principle of "emperors in the west and emperors in the east". This layout imitates the location of Weiyang Palace and Changle Palace in Chang 'an in Han Dynasty, and also shows that the layout of emperors in past dynasties is actually a microcosm of the layout of the capital. Some Western Han Tombs also have special cases in layout. For example, Anling in Hui Di, Ping Ling in Zhaodi and Weiling in Yuan Di all adopted the cemetery layout of "Emperor follows the West". This situation should take into account some special historical reasons at that time. From this point of view, not all the Mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty were laid out in accordance with the principle of "west first, then east". According to the existing findings, behind the Jingdi Mausoleum, in the Daling Mausoleum, the queen has her own cemetery, surrounded by closed land, rammed around the mausoleum wall, and there is a door in the middle of each side. The road outside the four gates of the mausoleum is called Shinto, the gate outside the mausoleum is called Sima Gate, and the road outside is called Sima Doorway. The burial area is basically located on both sides of Sima Road outside East Sima Gate, and the closer it is to East Sima Gate, the higher its living status. Mausoleum, Hou Ling Mausoleum, the largest outer cemetery, sleeping hall, toilet hall and other buildings * * * together constitute a relatively complete system of the Western Han Emperor Mausoleum.
Some of the ruins of Menque left on the ground of the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty are rammed earth tombs. The picture above is only a part of it, and the rest are basically tombs and the ruins of the gate of Hou Ling Mausoleum. After thousands of years, although there is only a pile of rammed earth and some broken bricks and tiles, we can still feel the height and glory of these gate ruins.