Modern research
Main ingredients: The main ingredients of rhinoceros horn are keratin, cholesterol, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It also contains other protein, peptides, free amino acids, guanidine derivatives, sterols and so on. The extraction of rhinoceros horn with hot water can obtain 2mg/g amino acids, including about 20 kinds of serine and glycine. The decoction also contains ethanolamine.
Pharmacological action:
Effects of 1. on cardiovascular system
1. Cardiotonic effect: 10% rhinoceros horn decoction has cardiotonic effect on toad heart in vivo or in vitro and rabbit heart in vitro, which can enhance myocardial contractility, increase amplitude, accelerate heart rate and increase output per minute. With the increase of dose, the isolated toad heart will have cardiotonic effect, and then it will be poisoned soon, and finally stop in contraction. The hot extract of rhinoceros horn can be used for patients with functional weakness caused by pilocarpine.
B. Effect on blood vessels: Bufo gargarizans with 10% rhinoceros horn soup. It was found that the blood flow velocity was lower than normal in a short time, and then gradually increased, exceeding the normal flow velocity, suggesting that it dilated the blood vessels of lower limbs after contraction.
C. Effect on blood pressure: When rhinoceros horn soup is injected intravenously into anesthetized dogs and rabbits, the blood pressure first increases, then decreases, and then continues to increase. Its antihypertensive effect has little to do with vagus nerve. The phenomenon that its blood pressure rises slightly first and then falls may be related to its blood vessels contracting first and then expanding. Blood pressure continues to rise after recovery, probably because its exciting effect on the heart exceeds its vasodilation effect or the vasodilation effect has been eliminated at this time.
2. Antipyretic effect Rhinoceros horn has no antipyretic effect on rabbits with fever caused by Escherichia coli. However, it has been reported that intravenous injection of normal saline extract from rhinoceros horn can reduce the body temperature of rabbits with fever caused by Escherichia coli. For rabbits with fever caused by warm stimulation or adrenaline injection, intravenous or subcutaneous injection of rhino horn extract has no antipyretic effect.
3. It is reported that rhinoceros horn has a certain sedative effect, and its action point on the central nervous system may be mainly in the spinal cord. Experiments show that oral administration of rhinoceros horn suspension (3g/kg body weight) to mice for three days has no obvious effect on pentylenetetrazol and caffeine, but the effect on strychnine seems to prolong the latency of reaction and the survival time of animals, while the reaction rate and mortality rate of animals are also reduced.
4. Other effects on healthy rabbits, intravenous injection of rhinoceros horn injection can make the total number of white blood cells decrease sharply for a short time, and then increase for a long time. It can also shorten the clotting time and increase the number of platelets.
Intravenous injection of normal saline extract from rhinoceros horn has exciting effect on isolated rabbit intestine and uterus; It has a slight mydriatic effect on rabbit eyes.
Rhinoceros horn decoction has no inhibitory effect on staphylococcus in vivo and in vitro.
clinical application
Clinical report:
1. Rhinoceros horn 5g, Radix Rehmanniae 15g, Gypsum 20g, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10g, Fructus Forsythiae 10g, Radix Scrophulariae 10g, Radix Ophiopogonis 6g, plumula Nelumbinis 2g, and Concha Haliotidis 10g for treating Japanese encephalitis. (4): 18
2. For the treatment of urticaria, 3g of rhinoceros horn tablets (taken by filing powder, 30g can be used to replace rhinoceros horn without rhinoceros horn), 65,438 00 g of Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Cortex Moutan and Herba Violae, 6g of Bombyx Batryticatus and Radix Arnebiae, respectively, are decocted in water according to the symptoms. 30 cases were treated, 27 cases were cured, 2 cases were markedly effective, and none was effective 1 case. 13(4):6
3. Rhinoceros horn powder 1.5g is used to treat Datura flower poisoning, and it is taken after grinding for 2 hours 1 time to rescue Datura flower poisoning 1 case. After eating rhinoceros horn powder twice, their consciousness gradually became sober, quiet, and their breathing was stable, and they could answer and identify their loved ones. After 2 days of observation, she recovered and was discharged. Jilin Traditional Chinese Medicine 65438+ (3):27
Prescription selection:
1. Treat Taiyin fever; Delirium: The tip of rhinoceros horn is two cents (washed and ground), Shen Yuanxin is San Qian, Lotus Heart is five cents, Bamboo Leaf Heart is two cents, Forsythia Heart is two cents, and Ophiopogon japonicus is San Qian. Decoct with water. (Qing Gong Tang in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)
2. Treatment of acute jaundice, dysphoria of heart diaphragm and red eye pain: rhinoceros horn one or two, Artemisia capillaris one or two, Scutellaria baicalensis one or two, Gardenia one or two, Sichuan Cimicifuga one or two, Sichuan mirabilite two. Take medicine and pound and sift powder. Take four dollars at a time, a glass of water and three or seven bamboo leaves, fry until six points, and bring them to me, regardless of time.
3. Treatment of typhoid fever with excessive heat toxicity and red spots on the body: rhinoceros horn (mashed), ephedra (rooted), gypsum, coptis root (bearded) and gardenia seed. Serve the five flavors, sift them roughly, take five dollars and half a glass of water at a time, fry them to a cup, and then take them warm. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")
4. Treat fever with sore throat, and you can't eat aphtha: one or two pieces of rhinoceros horn, one or two pieces of Sichuan Cimicifuga rhizome, one or two pieces of Sichuan Dahuang (filed, slightly fried), one or two pieces of Portulaca Nitrate, one or two pieces of Cortex Phellodendri (filed) and one or two pieces of Scutellaria baicalensis. Take four cups of water, fry to a large cup, remove me, add honey and make a three-in-one mixture.
5. Treat hematemesis such as goose liver and duck liver, day and night: rhinoceros horn 22 Liang (for pound crumbs) and platycodon grandiflorum 22 Liang (for raw use). The first two flavors were smashed into powder. Warm wine mixed with two coins. (Records of Sheng Jizong)
6. Treatment of diarrhea: Rhinoceros horn (crumbs), Radix Rehmanniae and Sanguisorba, each with two. Add three kinds of medicinal materials, mash and sieve, and the honey pill is as big as marbles. Take one pill at a time, add a liter of water, and fry in five parts, except me, and take it warm. (Prescriptions recorded in ancient and modern times)
Compatibility effect:
Rhinoceros horn combined with antelope horn and gypsum rhinoceros horn, clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and calming convulsions; Antelope horn clears away heat and toxic materials, calms the liver and calms the wind; Gypsum has the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, relieving annoyance and quenching thirst. Has the effects of clearing away heat, purging pathogenic fire, cooling blood, detoxicating, calming wind and arresting convulsion, and can be used for treating fever, fever, rash and convulsion.
Rhinoceros horn is combined with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Cortex Moutan to clear away heat, cool blood and detoxify; Rehmannia glutinosa clearing away heat, cooling blood and nourishing yin; Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Cortex Moutan have the effects of clearing away heat, cooling blood and removing blood stasis, and can be used to treat hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, hematochezia and other symptoms caused by heat entering blood and forced blood. Or delirium, rash, purple-black, red tongue and tingling caused by heat disturbing the heart camp.
Matters needing attention
Avoid: pregnant women should use it with caution. They are afraid of Sichuan aconite and kusnezoff monkshood.
If a woman is pregnant, don't take it, which can eliminate fetal gas. (Lei Gong Processing Theory)
Not suitable for people with acne, it belongs to deficiency heat, and it is not suitable for misuse because of typhoid fever and yin deficiency.
Side effects: The toxicity of rhinoceros horn is very low. 4ml/kg of 10% rhinoceros horn soup was injected intravenously in rabbits, and no poisoning was found. Intravenous injection of 0.5ml of 30% rhinoceros horn soup in mice can cause convulsions, irregular breathing and exophthalmos, which disappear within 5 minutes and then go to sleep for 5-6 hours.