What are the building structures that are divided into steel-concrete structures according to building materials? The main load-bearing structure of the building is made of reinforced concrete.
Advantages: good seismic performance, strong integrity, strong corrosion resistance and durability.
Disadvantages: complex process and high cost.
Brick-concrete structure This structure mainly adopts brick walls or brick columns and reinforced concrete as the load-bearing members of the roof or floor.
Advantages: Good durability, chemical stability and atmospheric stability.
Disadvantages: the wall is prone to cracks for a long time, with poor integrity and no earthquake resistance.
In brick-wood architecture, the walls and columns of vertical load-bearing structures are built with bricks or blocks, and the floors and roof trusses are built with wood.
Advantages: simple construction, easy preparation of materials and low cost.
Disadvantages: short service life, incomplete facilities, large area and small building area.
The main load-bearing members of steel structure are all made of steel, which is suitable for large public buildings.
Advantages: light weight, good plasticity, uniform materials and high structural reliability.
Disadvantages: According to 5 1 Dongshibian Shaw, the steel structure is heat-resistant and fire-resistant, and its corrosion resistance is poor.
Tips: Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents Text contents According to the load-bearing structure, see more frame structures, which are composed of beams and columns and bear vertical and horizontal functions.
Advantages: flexible layout, high bearing capacity, good ductility and integrity, and good seismic performance.
Disadvantages: it is a flexible structure with small lateral stiffness and large horizontal displacement caused by earthquake.
Shear wall structure refers to the structure that the internal and external walls of the house are made into solid reinforced concrete walls, and the walls are used to bear the vertical and horizontal effects.
Advantages: good integrity, large lateral stiffness and small lateral displacement under horizontal force.
Disadvantages: unable to provide large space houses and poor structural ductility.
Tips: Text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content text content see more other structure wall load-bearing structure is called wall load-bearing building. It can be divided into three types: horizontal bearing walls, vertical bearing walls and vertical and horizontal mixed bearing walls. Frame-shear wall structure refers to a structure in which a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of not less than 160mm is set between columns at appropriate positions in the vertical and horizontal directions in the frame structure, and the frame and shear wall bear the vertical and horizontal actions at the same time. Combine the advantages of frame and shear wall. Tube structure refers to a spatial structure system composed of single or multiple tubes, and its mechanical characteristics are similar to those of tubular cantilever members fixed on the foundation. Bent frame structure adopts bent frame composed of columns and roof truss as its load-bearing skeleton, and the external wall plays the role of enclosure. Single-storey factory building is a typical example. Long-span space structures, such as gymnasiums, swimming pools and large theaters, often have no columns in the middle, but transfer loads to the walls and columns around the buildings through space structures such as grid structures. What is a banlou banlou is the name of the building structure. Generally, the number of floors of a board building will not exceed 12.
The type of banlou is a corridor, and households are connected through the corridor. Several units are integrally spliced and connected to form a flat building. Advantages: good lighting and ventilation, square apartment, and transparent north and south, good lighting and ventilation. Quiet because the density of banlou is low, there are not many households, and it is very quiet to live in. The utilization rate of shared small apartment is relatively high. Because public areas such as elevator shafts are small, shared houses are generally small. The management cost is lower than that of the tower, and multi-storey houses can be built without elevators or variable frequency water supply systems. Disadvantages: low building density and high housing prices. Board buildings are mostly low-rise buildings with low density and low floor area ratio. Although they live comfortably, the house price is very high. Huxing pattern is not suitable for the reconstruction of brick-concrete slab houses, with many load-bearing walls and poor reconstruction degree. What is a tower? A tower is a building that looks like a tower. The floor plan of the tower is characterized by multiple households, generally more than four or five households, surrounding or surrounding a group of public vertical traffic.
Advantages Low-cost towers usually have lower housing prices because of the high building density in residential areas. Flexible towers are mostly frame structures, with few load-bearing walls and flexible division of units. Towers with a wide view are taller than banlou, and high-rise houses have a wide view. Good seismic performance, high structural strength and good seismic performance. Disadvantages: the environment is not good, the living density is high, and the living environment is not as good as the banlou. Due to the large pool area, the housing utilization rate is lower than that of the board building. Poor lighting and ventilation are prone to dark kitchens and unlit bathrooms. The editor of Tower Selection 5 1 Dongshi suggested choosing a building with direct natural ventilation and lighting to avoid the adverse effects caused by dark rooms and large depth. The types of towers will be more abundant than those of banlou, and the price difference brought by various orientations will be selected by users according to the economic situation. Some units may be good when viewed alone, but they will be full of problems when combined into buildings, which is determined by the vertical and horizontal layout of tower units, so special attention should be paid to the relationship with adjacent units. What is a plate tower? As the name implies, it is the architectural style of plate-tower combination, also called tray combination. Part of the apartment is a transparent plate structure, and part is a tower structure, with one or both sides lighting.
Advantages: the price is slightly cheaper. Butterfly-style residence combines the advantages of banlou and tower, with square layout and advantageous price. Good lighting and ventilation, the pool area is smaller than the board building, and the lighting and ventilation performance is better than that of the tower building. The high utilization rate effectively reduces the area of elevator room, ensures the high utilization rate of each household, and avoids the winding corridor of ordinary towers. The disadvantages of butterfly architecture, because the relationship between households is still close, the interaction and interdependence between households is still relatively large, so many oblique angle problems will inevitably appear in the design of apartment.
How to choose the wall of the safe house and how to see the cracks? The editor of the video network reminds the owner to pay attention to whether there are penetrating cracks in the external wall and whether there are directional and regular cracks in the same position on the walls of different floors. If there are hidden dangers in the building, please ask the housing quality appraisal department to re-identify. If it is raining, you can also check whether there are obvious watermarks and mildew spots on the joints and walls of the interior and exterior walls. Concave-convex owners should also pay attention to observe whether there is a large area of hollowing and cracking in the interior wall. Wall line Whether the horizontal and vertical walls are straight lines. How to check whether there are cracks in the floor? The allowable range (0.3MM) is a general defect, which does not affect the bearing capacity of the cast-in-place slab, but cracks have an adverse effect on the durability of the structure. Check for stress cracks. If the cracks are too wide and dense, it means that the floor is too thin, or the strength of concrete is too low, or there are too few steel bars. The integrity and waterproofness of the cast-in-place slab are good, mainly by observing whether there are exposed tendons or honeycomb pits. Observe whether the precast slab is flat and cracked. What do you think of the waterproofing of the roof? Go to the roof personally to check whether the drainage slope, drainage outlet and gutter organization are reasonable, and the downpipe should be installed firmly, with smooth interface and no leakage. Thermal insulation generally requires an overhead ventilation layer on the roof, which is beneficial to air flow and heat dissipation. What do you think of the glass? As a building material, the utilization rate of glass is also relatively high. Broken glass is not easy to see, and it is easy to hurt people. Safety glass has the following characteristics. Safety glass has the functions of theft prevention, fire prevention, heat prevention and sound insulation. For example, laminated glass has a film, even if it is broken, it will not collapse immediately, and the pvb film inside will connect the fragments into a net. Tempered glass will not break very violently, but will form fine obtuse particles. These two kinds of glass are relatively safe types.
Looking at the high-rise buildings with emergency exits, when an accident occurs, the elevator will not be used to escape, so the safety exit is necessary. There should be at least two exits on each floor, the distance between the room door and the exits should be less than10m, and the distance between exits should be more than 5m. The stairwell door should be opened in the evacuation direction, and the access control system should ensure that the door leading to the outdoor can be manually opened from the inside. Non-combustible materials should be used for the ceiling, wall and ground of stairwells in residential buildings.
How to identify dangerous houses? Check the foundation first to see if there is any slip, because the adjacent buildings increase the load and the foundation is aging. If the above situation occurs, the building will have obvious inclination, displacement, cracks and distortion due to uneven settlement, and will continue to develop. Check whether there are cracks in columns and walls, whether the protective layer falls off partially and whether the main reinforcement is exposed; Or there are obvious horizontal cracks on one side, and the concrete on the other side is crushed to expose the main reinforcement; Or produce obvious cross cracks. See if there are obvious cross cracks in the middle part of the wall or if the protective layer falls off. Check the lintel and arch to see if there are obvious vertical cracks in the middle of the beam; Or obvious oblique cracks are produced at the end; Or the wall supporting the lintel produces horizontal cracks; Or produce obvious bending and sinking deformation. Also look after whether there are cracks in the arch, flat shell, corrugated pipe arch and vault bus; Or the arch of the foot is obviously deformed; Or the arch of the foot is obviously displaced; Or the arch tie rod is loose, or the corrosion is serious and the cross section is reduced. How to deal with dangerous houses requires people in the house to move out in time before moving out of the property. Dangerous houses that cannot be repaired shall be removed according to law. After completing the relevant procedures, it should be rebuilt according to law and sign an agreement with the original tenants in the property right house. After the house is built, the quality of the house should be strictly guaranteed.
If it is found that the floor slab falls off, the structure is obviously inclined, and cracks in the load-bearing wall should be paid attention to, you can apply for building safety appraisal, and no charge will be charged from 20 13 1. Just fill in the application registration form, issue the house ownership certificate, land use certificate and owner's ID card, the house construction drawing and the original technical data related to construction and completion. The house safety appraisal office will send personnel to the site for investigation within 10 working days after the pre-acceptance registration, give the appraisal results as soon as possible, and issue guiding opinions on the house.
The safe use of houses requires the joint efforts of many parties. Therefore, survey, design and construction should meet the standards and strictly control the quality. Government supervision departments should strengthen supervision and implement the responsibilities of all parties; The local government should strengthen the monitoring of the use of houses and grasp the safe use of houses in time; Owners should use their houses correctly and avoid barbaric decoration.
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