The fortunes of ports in the Far East have turned.
In 2007, the throughput of the world's top 30 container ports was 274 million TEU, accounting for 56% of the world's container throughput of 484 million TEU.
Obviously, the pendulum of world trade has shifted to the Far East. In the past three years, China's economy has surpassed France, Britain and Germany to become the third largest trading power in the world, and it is close to Japan.
The development track of the world port industry is closely related to the shift of the world economic center of gravity. Asian ports occupy a dominant position in the container port industry in the world today. 1970 Among the top 20 container ports, there is only 1 in Asia, namely Yokohama Port in Japan, with a throughput of150,000 TEUs. At that time, there were 7 North American ports, 1 1 European ports and 2 Oceania ports on the top 20 list. In 2007, 20 of the 30 largest container ports were located in Asia, and 8 of them were Chinese mainland ports.
China is currently the country with the largest port container throughput in the world. In 2007, the total throughput of ports in China (excluding those in Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province, the same below) reached 65,438+130,000 T EU, and the throughput of 12 ports exceeded10,000 TEU, of which 6 exceeded 5 million TEU and 2 exceeded130,000 TEU.
In 2007, the container throughput of Busan Port, the main port of South Korea, was 654.38+03.27 million TEUs (up 654.38+00% year-on-year), ranking fifth. But it still lags behind Shenzhen Port.
In 2007, the container throughput of Shenzhen Port was 2 165438+ 10,000 TEU, an increase of 14% over 2006. This year, Shenzhen Port will compete with Hong Kong Port for the third place in the world.
In fact, compared with 23.54 million TEUs in 2006, the container throughput of Hong Kong ports only increased by 1.4% in 2007, reaching 23.88 million TEUs. As a result, it fell by 1 bit, and now it ranks third.
The ranking of Kaohsiung Port in the top 30 also declined, ranking sixth in 2006 and eighth in 2007. In recent years, the largest port in Taiwan Province Province has not performed well, which is largely due to the cost pressure of Taiwan Province's economy and the loss of competitiveness with Chinese mainland.
In 2007, the container throughput of Tanjung Perapas Port (PTP) in southern Malaysia increased by 15%. This is determined by the strong demand growth of Asia-Europe trade and its status as a transit port in Southeast Asia. In 2007, Maersk and Evergreen Group increased the number of ships passing through the port. The throughput of PTP Port reaches 5.5 million TEUs.
However, due to the ongoing new terminal construction and future development planning, the ports ranked 365,438+0-40 in the world in 2007, such as Valencia in Spain and le havre in France, have developed rapidly. In 2007, the throughput of le havre Port surged by 226,5438+0%, reaching 260,000 TEU; . The container throughput of Valencia increased by 15.7%, just exceeding 3 million TEUs.
At the same time, within Asia, new forces are constantly emerging, such as Tanjong Parapas Port in Malaysia, Linchaban Port in Thailand and Nehru Port in India, which makes traditional shipping ports such as Kaohsiung, Tokyo, Yokohama and Busan gradually lose their former glory.
The sun came out in the east and it rained in the west.
In 2007, the throughput of Shanghai Port increased by more than 20%, reaching 2,665,438+500,000 TEUs, surpassing Hong Kong and ranking one place higher than last year. Despite another year of rapid development, the performance in the first half of 2007 did not make Shanghai as optimistic as many analysts expected. However, with the rapid growth of entrepot trade, Shanghai Port continued to maintain its growth momentum in 2006.
As a result, there are only a handful of days when Singapore Port is at the peak of super port, but the primary transit ports in Southeast Asia are making efforts to this end. In 2007, the container throughput of Singapore Port was 27.9 million TEUs, an increase of 12.5% over the previous year. The main reason for its continuous success was the effective handling of a large number of transit cargo records.
Contrary to the rapid development of the world's two major container ports, countries facing economic and financial pressures like Japan and the United States mean that their port trade in 2007 is generally unsatisfactory.
This is especially true for ports on the west coast of the United States. For example, the total throughput of Los Angeles and Long Beach is 6.5438+0.567 million TEUs, which is 0.6% lower than that of 2006. This performance caused the two ports to drop three places in the top 30 ports in the world, and currently they are 13 and 15 respectively.
On the contrary, New York New Jersey Port (1970, the world's largest container port, with a throughput of 930,000 TEU), the main port on the east coast of the United States, further developed in container handling trade, with a throughput of 5.4 million TEU, up 6. 1% year-on-year. However, the ranking of this port in the top 30 still dropped 1, ranking 19.
In Japan, the container throughput of Tokyo Port decreased by 3.8% year-on-year, and its ranking among the top 30 also dropped by 2 places. Yokohama Port even dropped out of the top 30, from 27th in 2006 to 3 1 in 2007. Generally speaking, Japanese ports are inefficient and costly. At the same time, in order to avoid the high cost of land transportation in Japan, the goods of most ports prefer to pass through transit ports such as Busan and Kaohsiung, and even connect to small ports such as Jinmamu, Sendai and Chiba.
India is becoming another Asian-based manufacturing power and economic power, and its position in international trade is also rising. In 2007, the main port of India, Nehru Port (JNP), achieved outstanding performance, with container throughput reaching 3.9 million TEUs, up 26.3% year-on-year.
JNP is one of the fastest growing ports outside China. In the fierce battle for the top 30, it rose by 4 places, with a growth rate of 26.3%, and is currently ranked 24th. In 2007, the direct flights between major liner companies and JNP increased. Due to the facilities managed by AP Mueller Terminal and Dubai World Port, JNP's production efficiency and service level were further improved. However, the physical characteristics of JNP such as water depth and water area will limit its expansion.
In 2007, the throughput of Colombo Port, the main transit port in Asia, increased by 65,438+00% year-on-year, rising to 3.38 million TEU, only maintaining the 29th place.
On the contrary, in 2007, Dubai Port ranked closer to the top five in the world. Dubai Port rose from the 8th place in 2006 to the 7th place in 2007. In 2007, the port throughput growth rate of Dubai Port was 20%, rising to 654.38+007 million TEUs, which greatly replaced Rotterdam Port and even Busan Port and won the top five. The perfect infrastructure of Dubai Port and the geographical location near Alishan Free Trade Zone are the main reasons for the continuous growth of this UAE port for more than 20 years. It is also noteworthy that the proportion of transit transport is declining. At present, the throughput of transit and non-transit is half.
On the other hand, the top 30 container ports are relatively stable, with only minor changes between ports. There is only one new member-Gioia Tauroport, who will return to the top 30 after quitting for one year. This port in southern Italy, controlled by Italian container transportation company, rose from the 32nd place in 2006 to the 27th place in 2007. In 2007, the container throughput of Gioia Tauro Port reached 3.45 million TEU, a year-on-year increase of 17%. The resumption of transshipment trade in Gioia Tauro port is largely due to the decision of Mediterranean shipping companies to use Gioia Tauro port as a transshipment port because of problems in Piraeus port.
In 2007, the container throughput of Hamburg Port, Germany's largest container port, increased by nearly 12% year-on-year, enough to maintain its ninth place in the EU. Hamburg Port has high efficiency and good geographical location. In the throughput of 9.9 million TEUs, the transit trade volume between the port and the Baltic port reached 2.7 million TEUs. About 50% of Hamburg Port's foreign trade is with China, Indian and other Asian countries.
Despite the difficulties, Rotterdam, the largest container port in Europe, still exceeded the target of 65,438+1100 million TEU in 2007, setting a milestone. The total throughput of Rotterdam Port is * * *10.79 million TEU, which is about 12% higher than that of 2006, making it surpass Kaohsiung Port and be promoted to the sixth place. In addition, Rotterdam Port Authority is planning an expansion project, and plans to invest 654.38+0.2 billion euros to build the second phase of Maas and Euromax container terminal projects.
In northern Europe, both Antwerp and Bremen, despite the growth rates of 65,438+06% and 65,438+00% respectively, have not changed the ranking of the top 30, which are 65,438+04 and 20 respectively. Antwerp's largest trading partners are Brazil, Malaysia and the United States, but the port now regards China as the goal to promote its future growth, and hopes to attract more carriers, making Antwerp the first port of call for sailing from Asia to Europe.
Felixstowe Port is the only port in the UK that has entered the forefront of the world. In 2007, its efficiency was significantly improved, and its throughput increased by 10%, enough to keep the 30th place. However, it is still possible to slip out of the top 30 in 2008.
The battle of China Port is still raging.
Chinese mainland Port occupies 8 seats among the top 30 ports in the world, accounting for about one third of the throughput of the top 30 ports, which is 3 percentage points higher than that of 2006. In 2 007, the throughput of major ports in China reached 94 million TEU, up 2 1% year-on-year. The overall growth rate of the top 30 is 13%. In 2007, the container throughput of all ports in Chinese mainland was about1.1.300 million TEU. In the past five years, the average annual growth rate of China ports was as high as 22%, and the average annual growth rate of the top ten ports exceeded 20%.
In 2007, the container throughput of Lianyungang Port, the fastest growing port in China, increased by more than 54%. Lianyungang is located at the bridgehead of China Railway Continental Bridge, with several rapidly developing industrial enterprises as the economic hinterland. Since 2002, the container throughput of Lianyungang Port has increased five times, with an average annual growth rate of 46%. At present, it is 2 million TEUs.
Qingdao Port ranks in the top 30 in the world with 10, and is the third largest port in China, with an increase of 23% (9.5 million TEUs) in 2007. It is predicted that Qingdao Port will have another bumper harvest year during the 2008 Olympic Games.
In 2008, the competition for the third place in China Dagang will be more intense, and the second echelon will become very interesting. The throughput of Qingdao, Ningbo-Zhoushan and Guangzhou ranked 10,1and 12 in the world are all close to100000 TEU, with a difference of about 200000 TEU. At present, Guangzhou seems to have taken the initiative, and the new Nansha container terminal has attracted a lot of new liner shipping business. In 2007, the container throughput of Guangzhou Port increased by 39.4%, and the growth rate was far ahead.
Although it is predicted that no new China port will enter the top 30 container ports in the world in 2008, the share of China port in the world container throughput will continue to expand, and it may reach about 40% in the next three to four years.