Asian monsoon paddy field agriculture has the following characteristics:
First, small-scale peasant management: rice production in monsoon paddy fields is based on households. Due to the shortage of arable land per capita, there is very little farmland cultivated by each household. The paddy field cultivated by every household in southern China is generally less than 1 hectare.
Second, the yield per unit area is high, but the commodity rate is low: farmers intensively cultivate in the fields, which makes the yield per unit area of rice higher. However, due to the small scale of production, the total output of rice per household is not large. Restricted by traditional ideas and economic level, farmers keep a considerable part of the collected rice for their own use, but the rice sent to the market for sale is very limited.
Third, the level of mechanization and science and technology is low: farmers generally engage in manual labor. Although electric irrigation threshing has developed rapidly in recent twenty years and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has gradually increased, on the whole, the mechanization level and scientific and technological level of monsoon paddy field agriculture are still relatively low.
Fourth, the amount of water conservancy projects is large: irrigation is the basis of rice production. Frequent floods and droughts in monsoon region pose a great threat to rice production. Small-scale farmers are unable to build water conservancy projects, so they need a lot of government investment to organize water conservancy projects.
Fifth, the technical level is low;
Sixth, rich experience in planting.
Solution: increase investment in science and technology, moderately expand planting scale, build water conservancy facilities and improve farming system.