? Summary of civil unrest in Zhejiang and Fujian in Ming Dynasty

The Zhejiang-Fujian Uprising in Ming Dynasty refers to the Zhejiang-Fujian Uprising led by Fujian Deng and Zhejiang Ye, which echoed each other and fought against the Ming army in various places during the orthodox period of Ming Dynasty. Ming Yingzong sent Liu Ju and Ningyang Hou to divide their forces to attack, and put down the rebellion in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy and the first year of Jingtai respectively. In December (1442), Chen Heye of Lishui smuggled silver in Baofengchang, Fujian, and Ming Yingzong ordered Zhejiang and Fujian officials to arrest him. In February of the twelfth year of orthodoxy, Ye Juqun robbed Shaoyang Pit, but after a few months, he abandoned it because of little effect. In September of the same year, Ye Zong stayed in Yunshan and led the crowd. He dug holes everywhere and found nothing, and finally returned to Qingyuan. Later, he led hundreds of people to plunder Zhenghe county and villages, and then gathered more than a thousand people, and called Ye Qi, a native of Geliangshan, Longquan, as a teacher and teacher. Later, he led many people to rob Jianyang from Pucheng, where they burned and looted and followed more. Then plunder Jianning and block traffic. In April of the 13th year of Deng Uprising, Deng in Shaxian County, Fujian Province rebelled and claimed to be the king of Fujian. Deng, formerly known as Deng, fled to Fujian to kill people and gathered people to kill people in Ninghua County. Deng and Chen led the masses to rob Shanghang, and then returned to attack Tingzhou, which was defeated by official Wang Deren. Chen was caught and sent to the capital to be beheaded, but only Deng was powerful. Since then, Deng led his troops to capture the two counties of Suguan and Guangze, and captured Shaowu and Shunchang downstream. At that time, Zhang Song, a political commissar of Fujian, took bribes and often bribed Wang Zhen, so he was promoted to Fujian Zuobuzheng, and made a fortune during his tenure. Later, Jiang Fucheng, the main number of Youxi Furnace, followed the uprising, with tens of thousands of people in ten days. Later, they communicated with Deng and would rob Shaxian and Yanping together.

Officials in Yanping reported that Ding Xuan led an envoy to Yanping and sent two thousand handsome soldiers, including Tong Hong, to Shaxian to suppress it. Jiang Fucheng, Deng Huishi and loyalist suffered heavy casualties. Ding Xuan then sent messengers to deliver the decree and save the dissolution from death. Deng killed the emissary, occupied Gongchuan and Yutai Pavilion, and then occupied Shaxian County. Zhang Haicai, the suggestion, arrived in Yanping, sent the capital to command and led 4,000 troops to suppress it. Travel 20 miles to Shuangxikou, and be ambushed by rebels at Zuoyouzhaipu, and the loyalist is defeated. Deng led his troops to attack Yanping and lead them out of the city. They all commanded Fan Zhen to fight outside the city, and the loyalist was defeated. Both Fan Zhen and Commander Peng are dead. It is suggested to submit a request to send troops to crusade. Yingzong summoned Zhang Jiezhi, the secretariat of the imperial capital, and asked him to lead Liu Ju, Chen Rong and others to crusade. When the Ming army suppressed Ming Yingzong, the commander-in-chief Liu Ju, the deputy commander-in-chief Chen Rong, the left and right generals Zhao Chen and Liu Dexin, and the imperial Commissioner Jason supervised the army. In September of the same year, Zhang Kai led an army to Ning, and Liu Dexin led an army to meet Shaowu in Jianchang, Jiangxi. Jason led his troops from Zhejiang to Fujian. In the same year 1 1 month, he was ordered to defeat Deng and lead the army to Guangxin. He thought Ye was blocked in the road and dared not move forward. Fujian sent a special envoy to urge him to join the division, while Zhejiang ministries asked him to send troops to Zhejiang to repel Ye. Han Yong, the suggestion of Jiangxi Province, said: "Ye is close at hand, and family bandits are all state affairs. How can we design according to the territory? " Zhang Kai didn't know which side to listen to. Dai Li, the commander-in-chief, asked, "I'd like to be a thief." Make it lead 500 troops. Commander-in-Chief Chen Rong said it was urgent. When the army arrived, only one general was sent, and the court knew that it would commit a crime.

Zhang Kai ordered two thousand troops and led Dai Li. Daley took the lead to meet the rebels in Huangbaipu, and then both sides suffered equal casualties. Mr. Ye Liu, dressed in robes, led the crowd and died in the middle reaches. But loyalist didn't know that he was Ye. The rebel army retreated to the deep mountains, headed by Ye Xiba, and set an ambush in the twelve capitals of Yushan. Dai Li and Commander-in-Chief Chen Rongzhong were killed. Ye Xiba then burned Pucheng and returned to Longquan, leading tens of thousands of rebels to guard Yunhe and Lishui. Since then, Tao Lu, Chen Jianhu and other rebels have led the masses to follow. When Zhang Kai heard the report, he led the army to attack. At this time, the Jiangxi army was led to repel Deng in Jianyang, and the road was smooth. Zhang Kaisui led the army into Fujian, joined forces with Liu Dexin, and established Jianning by way. In December, Ye's henchmen attacked Jinhua, Wuyi, Chong 'an, Lead Mountain and other counties four times, plundering property. Worried about making peace with Fujian Rebels, the imperial court ordered Zhu Ying, the satrap, and eunuchs to guard important places separately. Zhu Ying threatened to obey the list, showing good luck and bad luck, and many people fell down. Later, Zhou and others were arrested and escorted to Qingyuan. At this time, the general of the spy rebellion, the black-faced king, led 30 thousand people to attack the interception week. Eunuchs dare not leave, unmoved, and Zhou, etc. , was executed in the market. Hearing this, the rebels took the crowd away. At this point, Deng sent to see Chen Jingde and Wu Du. From Dehua, Yongchun and Anxi, they invaded Quanzhou. Magistrate Xiong Shangchu led an army to resist in Wulingpo, was arrested and died unyielding. Deng led 2,000 men to attack Jianning House, and the magistrate led Zheng Lie, the historian of Jian 'an Hall, Wu Bao, a country soldier, and Xu Xin, the governor, to make peace, and took more than 500 men with fog and captured their village.

Yingzong then promoted Zhang Ying's right to participate in politics in Fujian. In the first month of the fourteenth year of Fujian orthodoxy, Ming Yingzong thought that Fujian had been pacified for a long time, but failed. The Ningyang Hou was appointed as the general due south, Baoding Bo and Pingjiang Yu were the company commanders, the viceroy and Dong acted as the general, Shang Shu Jin Lian was the governor's military affairs, eunuch, military supervisor, suggestion and Ding Wei were appointed to announce Jigong, and led the Beijing camp to discuss with the armies of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Before the army arrived, Deng had led the troops to attack Yanping, the rest of the rebels attacked Taipingyi, and Shao Hongyu, the deputy governor, led the troops to battle. Hundreds of people died in the uprising, and the Ming army died twice, but it was still good news. When Liu Dexin, the Ming army, repelled the rebels, Jason sent messengers to give orders, and Huang Qin and other rebels defected. Since then, Jianyang Road has passed, and Zhang, the leader of Shaxian rebels, arrived in Yanping to surrender, and led Luo Ruxian and others to surrender. Deng's generals Liu Zong, Lang Qi and others gathered in Chenshanzhai. Huang Qin and others designed the capture and sent it to the capital. Zhang Kai then led the army to storm Yanping again, met the rebels and attacked the city, killing more than 1,000 people. In order to resist being killed, Deng and others had to send troops to Kou Jianning to participate in politics. So when they returned to Jianning, the thieves retreated to Chen Shan. In February, the insurgents went down the mountain again to attack Yanping, and were lured by Zhang, Luo Ruxian. Zhang Kai ambushed Zhejiang Army in Houping, Nanjing Army in Houyang, Jiangxi Army in the south of Shaxi, and Fujian Army went out of the city to challenge. The rebels attacked with a pontoon bridge, and then they fell in ambush. The Ming army pursued the victory and captured dozens of people. Deng was shot dead by an arrow, and the Ming army beheaded him with a letter, and the red letter reported it. At this time, Ningyang Hou also led troops to arrive.

Zhang Kai and others arrived in Shunchang and other places to appease residents. The rebel army then made Deng's nephew Deng the leader. Since then, the rebels have either dispersed or occupied the hills separately. In Pingjiang, Yu was arrested alone. The rebels occupied Jiulong Mountain, and Zhang Kai sent two thousand troops to the back of the mountain, saying that the rebels would come to their nest today and occupy its village when it went out. During the day, the rebels thought that the number of loyalists was small, so they reached the stream and there was no raft to return. By this time, the loyalists behind the mountain had occupied their village and the rebels were defeated. In March, he directed Wang Shuo to arrest Liao and others in Levin. The rest of the generals made some gains and delivered them to Shao Wu. Ming Yingzong wrote a letter praising your general. Since then, Hoang Cam has been appointed as the chief book and Luo Ruxian as the county magistrate, rewarding him for luring thieves. After that, he ordered the rest of the troops to discuss their merits and let Chen Mao and others stay behind to suppress the remaining rebels in Fujian; Zhang Kai also discussed the Chuzhou Rebellion. Chen Mao and others set a reward. Those who can capture and kill themselves alive are the same as those who chop down the enemy. Zhang Liusun, the leader of the rebel army at that time, was brave and good at fighting, and relied on him when Deng started his troops. After Deng died, he still followed Deng. Gong Suirong, a thousand households in the Ming army, falsely wrote a letter of surrender and deliberately sent the messenger to Deng by mistake. Deng Sunbo became suspicious and killed Zhang Liusun. From then on, all the rebels doubted themselves, abandoned Deng and surrendered to the Ming army. After that, the Ming army marched straight into Shaxian, broke the shackles of Gongchuan, Guakou and Chen Shan, took Deng to the capital and beheaded him. Liu Jubing, commander-in-chief on the left, moved to Nanping, Shunchang and Ou Ning, captured sixty-three Yu Party members and beheaded countless people. Then Fujian was pacified, and Chen Mao and others moved their troops. Ye Xiba and others thought it was not convenient to go out and plunder after Pingding Prefecture occupied Yunhe Mountain for several months, so they planned to attack the state capital.

Chen Shou sent an envoy to Hangzhou mansion, and the suggestion commander sent Lin Shen, Geng Ding and four thousand troops to Chuzhou for defense. Since then, the ministers issued an urgent order, and the court appointed Xu Gong as the company commander, Sun Boring and Tao Jin as the left and right generals, and Shi Pu, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, supervised the army. Said, Geng Ding, cited thousands of households, fighting in Lishui, all lost. Xu Gong was also a handsome soldier. Two thousand troops rushed to Chuzhou, but they were afraid to leave the city. Before Zhang Kai's army arrived, the rebels attacked Chuzhou and occupied Jinhua. Ye Xiba also divided his troops and invaded the territory of Guangxin, Jiangxi. Deng Qing, the magistrate of Yongfeng County, was arrested by the rebels and died unyielding. Chen Jianhu led the rebels to attack Songyang and Longquan, stationed troops in Gold Mountain Rock, and looted Qingtian, Wuyi, Yiwu and Dongyang respectively, calling himself the "King of Taiping" and changing it to the first year of Taiding. Ding Ning, the magistrate of Lishui County, ordered Wang Shichang and others to arrive at the rebel lair, and ordered Chen Jianhu to defect. The imperial court promoted Ding Ning to the position of Tongzhi, and Wang Shichang granted inspection. Chen Jianhu was escorted to the Jinyi prison in the capital. When Tao Cheng asked the rebels for instructions, he led four or five servants to the rebels and gave them good and bad instructions. Many rebels defected. Only Tao Lu killed the messenger and led the rebels into the mountains. After that, thousands of households once again asked for instructions, successfully surrendered to the second class, and learned that Ye had been killed before. In May of the same year, Zhang Kai led an army into Zhejiang and arrived in Quzhou, where Tao Cheng greeted him and talked about the crisis. Among them, because of being besieged by rebels, there is no food in the city. Zhang Kai divided the land and water, and reached Lanxi. Huang Ying and Lin Tingju came to the meeting. Please accelerate the invasion. When the army arrived in Jinhua, Zhang Kai ordered the army to make hundreds of bamboo baskets for resisting the rebels and using guns.

When the army arrived in Chuzhou, Lu Zhong, the magistrate, led the crowd to meet the enemy, and the army was stationed in Tongshan Temple. At that time, there were loyal ministers on the ground and tens of thousands of rebels on the mountain. Loyalists are divided into three groups. Rebels attack, Zhang retreats, and fast horses shoot. More than 300 people were killed by the rebels. Then the left and right armies joined forces, and another 200 rebels died. Most of the rebel gunmen were made of bamboo baskets, but they couldn't pull out their guns, so they were all captured. The rebels were defeated, and the Ming army pursued them, beheading more than 600 people and taking hundreds alive. In June of the same year, Emperor Yingzong issued an imperial edict, ordering Zhang Kai's camera to suppress it as an expedient measure. Zhang Kai and others reported that before and after the rebels, there were more than 9,000 enterprises, including more than 20,000 men and women. Since the evacuation, the rebel Todd has returned to the second-class mountain and become suspicious again, but they still insist on their own opinions. In May of the first year of Jingtai, the insurgents plundered Lishui and Qingtian counties again and attacked Wuyi. Wuyi had no battlefield, and Tao Cheng, the deputy commander, fought against it and died in the end. Soon, Emperor Mingjing issued a letter telling Jason and others that they would surrender to the rebels, so all officials could be trusted and told not to disturb each other. Those who don't listen to caress will be wiped out again. Jason sent Cheng Yi and other county officials to the mountains and then recruited them. Only when Todd and others listened did they burn down their shanzhai. Since then, due to Todd's surrender, all the other factions have been dissolved and resumed business. Zhang Kai moved troops, because it happened that Ming Yingzong was captured in the change of the civil fort, and several ministers who dealt with the rebellion died, the court discussed Jason's reactive power. After that, he had to be released because of Kouping's atonement. In July of the second year of Jingtai, Assistant Minister Sun, who was guarding Zhejiang and Fujian, requested that Lishui County and qingtian county County be divided into counties, and Yunhe County, Xuanping County and Jingning County should be established. There are two counties in Fujian, Yong 'an County and Shouning County. Emperor Mingjing approved it.