On the seventh day of November in the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Kangxi visited Changchun Garden in the suburbs of Beijing. At about 10 pm on the 13th, Emperor Kangxi died. After seven days of secret planning, and with the help of civil servants and military commanders such as Ronkedo and Nian Gengyao, the fourth son of the emperor officially ascended the throne, sitting in the temple, which is Yong Zhengdi in history.
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, although various threats were still lurking, the first important thing he publicly wanted to do was naturally to deal with the funeral of the first emperor.
As early as the 15th year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi made an order to build his own birthday tomb in Changrui Mountain, about one mile southeast of Xiaoling Mausoleum, east of Beijing 125. After six years of intense construction, it was completed in the twentieth year of Kangxi. Empresses Cheng Xiao and Xiao Zhao were the first to be buried, and Empress Xiaoyi was buried in 28 years. 6 1 year1February 3, Zigong, Kangxi, dedicated to the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan. On February 17th, the first year of Yongzheng, the courtiers at that time prepared nine characters of Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum for the new great Yong Zhengdi. Yongzheng personally pricked his finger to refer to the blood to delimit the word "Jingling", so Emperor Kangxi's mausoleum was named Jingling. By March 27, Kangxi's Zigong was initiated by Shouhuang Hall, and arrived in Dongling District on April 2, and was temporarily placed in Jingling Long 'en Hall. On the first day of September, he was buried in Jingling underground palace. Emperor Kangxi was also buried with Empress Xiao Gongren (mother of Yongzheng) and Emperor Jingmin.
Although Yongzheng implemented a series of actions such as "killing his brother and killing his brother" and "cooking rabbits and killing dogs" after he acceded to the throne, and successively killed the princes who were his enemies, exiled the army and sent them to guard the mausoleum, the rumors that the opposition thought he was plotting to usurp the throne came and went. Among many legends about his attempt to usurp the throne, the most famous one is that Kangxi left a posthumous edict of "transmitting fourteen sons" before his death, which was changed from "ten" to "Yu" by Yongzheng, thus becoming "transmitting four sons" (later verified by historians, this statement is not credible, because the testamentary edict was written in Manchu and Chinese at that time). With the spread of these legends, it was mysteriously lifted among the people. Yongzheng went alone to build a mausoleum in Yixian, west of Beijing, creating an excuse for his usurpation and casting a mysterious color on it.
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, with the stability of the regime, he began to think of building a mausoleum. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), officials from Yun Xiang, Zhang and the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Internal Affairs were ordered to handle the burial affairs. The warlocks, led by Yun Xiang and other officials, first chose the auspicious place at the foot of Changrui Mountain in Malanyu where Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi were buried, but did not choose a suitable place. Later, I chose chao yang shan, Jiu Feng, which is not far from Xiaoling and Jingling, and has good feng shui, which was recognized by Yongzheng. However, the courtiers and warlocks who were well versed in geomancy later thought that Jiu Feng chao yang shan was "large in scale and incomplete in shape, and the cave was filled with sand and gravel, so it was really unusable". Therefore, Yongzheng abolished the mausoleum site and asked the courtiers to conduct another survey. However, for some reason, these courtiers couldn't find a good cave for a long time, and for some reason, Yongzheng began to order Prince Yi Yunxiang and Han Chen Gao Qi to give up the east of the capital and go to the mountains southwest of the capital to collect divination. After Yun Xiang and others were ordered, after many investigations, they found the "land of eternal happiness" in Taipingyu and Yizhou xinglong village, and returned to the palace to recommend it to Yongzheng. According to Yun Xiang and others, there are Yunmeng Mountain in the west, Taining Mountain in the north, hills in the east and Yishui in the south. It can be called: "The place where Gankun gathers and shows is the place where the sunrise meets, and the beauty of sand and stone in Longdong. There are extenuating circumstances, and auspicious things are ready. " After Yongzheng's tour, he also thought that this place was a "landscape law, detailed and clear, and a blessed land."
However, if the mausoleum site is chosen here, it obviously violates the system of burying the son with his father. Yongzheng can't make a statement immediately. He only said that the place was beautiful, but it was hundreds of miles away from his father's Jingling and his grandfather's Xiaoling. . Privately, they are suggesting that the masses are looking for evidence and excuses for themselves. The courtiers got the message, quickly quoted the classics and found a lot of seemingly reasonable basis. Yun Xiang and the university students praised: "Although the tombs of Han and Tang Dynasties were all built in Shaanxi, the tombs of Emperor Gaozu, Wendi, Jingdi and Wudi were distributed in Xianyang, Chang 'an, Gaoling and Xingping, while the tombs of Tang Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong and Xuanzong were scattered in Sanyuan, Liquan, Ganxian and Pucheng. According to this code, building a mausoleum in Yizhou is not contrary to the ancient ceremony. Moreover, Zunhua and Yizhou are auxiliary places, not far from the capital, and it is completely possible to build a mausoleum. "Princes live up to expectations, quoting classics, so that Yongzheng's intention can be implemented smoothly. Construction of Yizhou Tailing started in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730) and was completed in the second year of Qianlong (1737). On the second day of March of the same year, Zigong, Yong Zhengdi was buried in Tailing Underground Palace. At this point, the "Zhao Mu system" funeral norms followed by the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs were easily broken by Yongzheng, and history turned a corner here silently. That is125km east of Beijing, Malanyu Qing Dongling in Zunhua County and Qingxi Mausoleum in Yixian County125km west of Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial tombs began to be divided into two major tombs with the capital as the coordinate, and the eastern and western tombs were 250 kilometers apart.
In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), at midnight on August 23rd, Yongzheng, who took pains and risked everything to ascend to the throne, just became emperor for thirteen years and died in Yuanmingyuan and was buried in the underground palace of Tailing in Yizhou.
As for the cause of Yongzheng's death, there is no record in the history books. It is inevitable that people will be suspicious and there are many rumors. A popular saying is that Lv Siniang was assassinated and Yongzheng's head was cut off and taken away. When the courtiers buried him, they cast a gold head on Yongzheng's body, so the body was buried. First, he died of poisoning. In the afternoon, Yongzheng was still discussing with his officials in Yuanmingyuan Palace, and suddenly died of illness in the evening.
After Yongzheng's death, the fourth son, Li Hong, succeeded to the throne in the testamentary edict. This is the famous emperor Qianlong in history. When Qianlong acceded to the throne, he did not ask the reason for Yongzheng's sudden death. Later dynasties kept this secret and could not examine it in detail. To completely solve this unsolved case or witness whether Yongzheng was buried with gold head, only by opening Yongzheng's own Tailing can the truth be uncovered. The origin of tailing itself is also a historical mystery.
Regarding this mystery, the folk rumor is that Yongzheng changed the imperial edict from Changchun Garden to seize the throne, plotted to usurp the throne, and then killed his younger brother Tu Di to make him feel guilty. After his death, he was afraid of being punished by the first emperor Kangxi, so he decided to choose another mausoleum site and build a mausoleum in Yizhou, a western suburb of Beijing, without considering the patriarchal clan system. Kangxi, who was hundreds of miles away, was helpless to him. Yes, yes, no? Historians need further study.
Because Yongzheng broke the funeral system of "the son was buried with his father, and the ancestors inherited it" and buried the bones in Yixian County, Jingxi, Qianlong, who had just ascended the throne, followed his father and sent servants to choose land in Xiling area. When Yoshida was elected, Ganlong suddenly changed his mind and sent officials to Dongling for election.
In the seventh year of Qianlong, college students Santai, Guo and Shangshu, together with Qin Tian's army supervisor, went into Dongling area to investigate the terrain. A few days later, Shuiyu, who won a great victory, said, "Surrounded by dragons and tigers, the stars are connected with clouds, which makes Lenovo auspicious for thousands of years." Gan Long was very satisfied with the drawings and ordered to start construction on February 10 of the following year. At this point, the long river of funeral laws and regulations in Qing Dynasty changed its course here after the turn of Yongzheng. Since then, the mainstream of this long river has been divided into two parts, one tributary flows to Dongling and the other to Xiling, thus forming a unique regulation and landscape in the funeral history of China. The ideological context and internal connection of this practice are mainly due to the consideration of prosperity. If the emperors of all ages were buried in Xiling after themselves, then Dongling must have a sense of helplessness and helplessness, and it will be abandoned for a long time. This choice is to take into account the rise and fall of eastern and western tombs. On this point, when Qianlong gave the throne to his son Jiaqing in 6 1 year (1796), he made it very clear in the imperial edict of1February 20th.
In addition to explaining the reasons for choosing Dongling to guard the palace, the Qianlong imperial edict also made a hard rule of "trillion burial system", that is, if the father is in Dongling, if the son is in Xiling; Father is in Xiling and son is in Dongling. In other words, Yongzheng is in Xiling, Qianlong should be in Dongling, while Qianlong is in Dongling, his son is in Xiling, and his grandson should choose Dongling, and so on. When putting forward the idea of giving consideration to both East and West Mausoleums, Gan Long was afraid that any unworthy descendants would be as authentic as his father, so he chose neither Dongling nor Xiling, set up another portal, and then chose Nanling or Beiling. In this way, the "giant burial system" he envisioned is bound to be broken, resulting in a chaotic situation in which tigers run aside. To this end, he specially stipulated that it was either east or west, and it was no longer possible to choose another mausoleum site casually, which broke the idea of ingenuity of future generations. These, while reflecting the overall situation of Qianlong, can also fully glimpse his good intentions in handling such affairs at that time.