Humble Administrator's Garden, located in the south of the Yangtze River, is an important representative building of Suzhou classical gardens in China, covering an area of about 78 mu. It is divided into three parts: Central Garden, East Garden and West Garden, each with its own characteristics. The Central Garden is mainly a gathering place for the classic scenery of the whole garden, while the West Garden is mainly a beautiful building.
Humble Administrator's Garden was listed as a national 5A-level scenic spot in 2007. Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called the four famous gardens in China. The Humble Administrator's Garden is based on the water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and skillfully uses the architectural layout to perfectly integrate the characteristics of water town and architecture. In the end, it formed the characteristics of "water and scenery are the same color, buildings are patchy, flowers and trees are harmonious and beautiful".
traffic route
1. Take Haoxing Line 1 and get off at Humble Administrator's Garden Transfer Center.
2. Take bus No.5, No.30 1, No.305, No.9009, No.9016, No.9025 and No.0/kloc to the "Suzhou Museum (Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Forest)" and go east.
3. Take Suzhou Rail Transit Line 4 and get off at Beisita Station, and walk eastward for about 1 km.
This paper introduces the characteristics and details of Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden. Humble Administrator's Garden is the representative of Jiangnan Garden and the largest classical garden in Suzhou. Located at No.0/78, Northeast Street, Suzhou City, it was built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty. The park covers an area of about 83.5 mu, with an open area of about 73 mu. Among them, the central and western part of the garden and Zhang Mansion in the late Qing Dynasty (now the former site of Suzhou Garden Museum) are the architectural garden heritage of the late Qing Dynasty, about 38 mu. It is one of the four famous gardens in China. National key cultural relics protection units, national 5A-level tourist attractions and national special tourist attractions are known as the "Mother of China Gardens", and 1997 was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Humble Administrator's Garden is a grand classical luxury garden, which is known as "a model garden in the world" because of its interesting layout of mountain island, bamboo dock, Songshan Mountain and Qushui. It is the first of the four famous gardens in China, one of the national key cultural relics protection units, one of the national tourist attractions, and a world cultural heritage. It is the only Humble Administrator's Garden in China that has these four laurels at the same time. Most of them were rebuilt in the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1850) when the Humble Administrator's Garden became the loyal palace garden of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and three relatively independent small gardens were formed in the late Qing Dynasty.
The central part of the Humble Administrator's Garden is the main attraction and the essence. Covers an area of about 18.5 mu. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, with pavilions built by the water, and some pavilions directly come out of the water, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan water town. The pool water area accounts for 3/5 of the whole garden area (another data: 1/3). The swimming pool is lush and natural. Major and minor are different. The overall pattern still maintains the artistic style of gardens in Ming Dynasty. Yuanxiangtang, which is characterized by lotus fragrance and metaphor, is the main building of the main scenic spot of Humble Administrator's Garden in the middle. It is located on the south bank of the pool, facing the east and west islands. The pool is clear and vast, and lotus flowers are planted everywhere. The seaside islands are covered with trees and vines. There is a small bridge between the two mountains and the valley, and a pavilion is built on each mountain island. The west is.
The West Garden (8 pieces) "Hefeng Pavilion" forms a three-legged trend, and all of them can enjoy the lotus flowers. There is a water inlet to the west of Yuxuan, which goes deep into Nanzhai. There are three water pavilions "Little Canglang" separated by the covered bridge "Little Hong Fei" in the north, forming a quiet water courtyard. Judging from the architectural names of the central garden of Humble Administrator's Garden, most of them are related to lotus flowers. Wang is mainly to express his aloof and lofty character. There are some buildings in the central scenic spot, such as Xiaolou, Yulantang and Jianshanlou, as well as the exquisite garden in the garden-Loquat Garden. The west used to be a "Supplementary Garden", with an area of about 12.5 mu. The water surface is circuitous and the layout is compact, and pavilions are built by mountains and rivers. Because of the great intensity of reconstruction, it is a wonderful artificial art after renovation. The undulating water corridors and streams that Lingbo passes through are masterpieces of Suzhou garden art. The main building in the west is the 36-yuan Yang Pavilion near the residential side, which was the place where park owners entertained guests and listened to songs at that time. The hall is well furnished. On a sunny day, looking at the outdoor scenery from the room through the blue glass window is like a snow scene. The pool of the 36-yuan Yangge is rectangular, characterized by the separation of pavilions and terraces and gorgeous decoration. Corridor ups and downs, water waves reflection. Don't have fun Another major building in the west "sitting with the porch" is the fan pavilion. There are two fan-shaped empty windows on the solid walls on both sides of the fan, one facing the "inverted photo studio" and the other facing the "Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion". The back window just reflects the Dai Pavilion on the mountain, and the top cover of the Dai Pavilion just matches a complete fan. "Who to sit with" is taken from Su Dongpo's sentence "Who to sit with"
The eastern part of the garden was originally called "homecoming", because the eastern part of the garden was returned to assistant minister Wang Xinyi in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 163 1). It's about 3 1 mu, and it's all newly built because Guiyuan has long been abandoned. The layout is mainly based on Pingshan Distant Mountain, Songcaoping and Bamboo House Qushui. It is still spacious, with ponds and pavilions.
The layout of Humble Administrator's Garden is dense and natural, characterized by water-based, vast water surface, plain and natural scenery. It takes water as the center, and pavilions are built around the pool, which are connected by leaky windows and cloisters. The rocks, ancient trees, bamboos and flowers in the garden constitute a long and quiet picture, which represents the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty. Humble Administrator's Garden forms lakes, ponds and flowers. Poetic and picturesque, Miaomiao Pool is famous for its leisurely, vast, elegant and quiet atmosphere, winding along the head of the bay, endless flowing water, winding and winding, deep and charming Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden; Taking Pingqiao Trail as the main line, the promenade is filled with ethereal spirit, and the islands and rocks reflect on its left and right, which makes the seemingly rambling garden buildings have a unique charm. The whole garden building seems to float on the water, cooperating with the wood flowers, producing different artistic interests, such as the blooming flowers in spring, the banana gallery in summer, the reed pond in autumn and the plum shadow and snowy moon in winter.
Introduction to Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden Attractions Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into three areas: East Garden, Middle Garden and West Garden. There are different scenic spots in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden among the areas, as follows:
Donghuayuan District
Guan: It refers to Daoxiang; Han Qing Pavilion: There are many changes in garden buildings, pavilions and pavilions; Tianquan Pavilion: it is an octagonal double-eaved pavilion with high eaves, a cloister outside, solemn and simple, and a sill between columns; Lotus Pavilion: Pavilion is a beautiful architectural form in ancient China, which is composed of surrounding scenery and flexible in form; Yunfeng: To the north of Lanxuetang, the peaks stand in the shade of trees and bamboos, and the two peaks in northern Shanxi stand side by side, named "Lian Bi".
Central garden area
Xiangzhou: a two-story "boat" structure, elegant and free and easy, and its posture is reflected in the water, which is more beautiful and elegant; Xiang Xue Wei Yun Pavilion: Xiang Xue refers to plum blossoms. Wei Yun refers to lush flowers and trees. This pavilion is suitable for enjoying plums in early spring. Plums are planted next to the pavilion, and the fragrance is floating. Also known as the Winter Pavilion; Wuzhu seclusion: Wuzhu seclusion's unique architectural style and ingenious conception are a pavilion with the main scenic spots in Dong Chi in the middle; Song Feng Shui Ge: Pine, bamboo and plum are called "Three Friends of Old Cold" in China traditional culture.
Little Hong Fei is an extremely rare covered bridge in Suzhou gardens. Yuanxiangtang: Yuanxiangtang is a square temple, which is the main building in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden and built on the former site of Ruoshutang. Haitang Spring House: The independent courtyard separated by the flower wall on the east side of Linglong Pavilion is Haitang Spring House; Tingyuxuan: east of Jiashige, connected with surrounding buildings by a curved corridor; Yulantang: It is an independent and closed quiet courtyard. Yulantang is tall and spacious, with a small and exquisite courtyard.
Xiyuan district
Li Ting: There is also a small pavilion behind Fan Ting called "Li Ting". Appropriate two pavilions: there is a rockery on the left side of the cave; Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion (Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilion): It is the main building of the West Garden. It is called "Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilion" in the south and "Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion" in the north, which is a form of Yuan Yang Pavilion in ancient buildings. Inverted studio (night scene): Inverted studio mainly looks at the reflection in the water; Tingting: This is a single-story pavilion. It is very light, with windows on all sides and a platform in front. It is an excellent place to enjoy the rainy scenery in Hà Thu.
The floating pavilion is an octagonal two-story building, which is tall and majestic and really attracts people's attention. The tower shadow pavilion stayed in the pavilion, and looking back at the tower shadow pavilion, it felt wonderful; Who is sitting with the porch pavilion? It is very chic and made into a folding fan. Corrugated Gallery: The water gallery at the junction of West Garden and Middle Garden is a rare structure elsewhere.
The development of history
Around the garden site, there was Wu Yulin's mansion in the Three Kingdoms and a residence in Daiyi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the poet Lu Guimeng lived here, which was a low-lying place and belonged to Chishi Garden. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shuhu built five or six halls here, and his son easily took Du Fu's phrase "House is like a deserted village" and named it Village, which shows that this place is very desolate.
During the Dade period of the Yuan Dynasty (1297— 1307), a temple was built here. Yan Yuanjian (1314-1320) named Dahong Temple and tasted another Dong Zhai. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the temple was destroyed, leaving Dongzhai alone. In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1356), Zhang Shicheng was occupied by the Soviet Union, which was within its scope.
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What are the characteristics of Humble Administrator's Garden? 1 Good at water.
Early humble administrator's garden, with lush trees, confused water color and natural scenery. The buildings in the park are very sparse, only "one hall, six pavilions on the first floor", and the number of buildings is very small, which is far lower than the building density in today's gardens.
Bamboo fences, thatched pavilions and thatched huts are integrated with the natural landscape, which is simple and elegant and has a unique natural scenery. The existing landscape in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden accounts for about three-fifths of the garden area.
There are two islands in the pool, and the Chi Pan at the top of the mountain is dotted with only a few pavilions and small buildings, which makes the scenic spot look sparse, elegant and natural. Although this layout has not yet taken shape in the Ming Dynasty, it has the demeanor of a humble administrator's garden in the Ming Dynasty.
2. The courtyard is strewn at random
Garden architecture of humble administrator's garden. Most of them were single in the early days, and great changes took place in the late Qing Dynasty. First of all, the number of garden buildings such as pavilions, verandahs and painted boats has increased significantly. The building density in the middle reaches 16.3%.
Secondly, the architecture tends to group combination, and the courtyard space changes twists and turns. For example, as can be seen from the map of Wen Zhiming Humble Administrator's Garden, there is only a small pavilion near the water.
During the Eight Banners period, the Feng Zhi Guild Hall was already a group of house boat. The pavilions and covered bridges such as Xiaofeihong, Dezhen Pavilion, Educated Youth Yiyuan, Xiaocanglang and Tingsongfeng are surrounded by water and have a unique style.
There is also a group of gardens to the east of Shuiting, namely loquat garden, which consists of three groups of courtyards: Haitang Chunwu, Tingyuxuan and Jiashi Pavilion. The main building is Linglong Pavilion. Between the landscape and the house, these two courtyards are interspersed, which better solves the transition between the house and the garden.
At the same time, for the landscape, because of the contrast of these courtyard spaces of different sizes, the main space is more spacious and spacious
The appearance and change of this garden-style courtyard space in the garden is likely to be related to the reduction of garden area, except for the reasons of use. The humble administrator's garden in Guangxu period was only 1.2 hectares.
Like other gardens in Suzhou, it occupies a small area, so the primary task of gardening activities is to create infinite natural landscapes in a small space.
This kind of garden-in-garden, multi-space courtyard combination and spatial division and infiltration ",contrast and contrast;" The combination of concealment and manifestation of space, the twists and turns of space between reality and reality, concealment and exposure;
The purpose of putting space in the first place, promoting it first and then restraining it is to break through the limitations of space and obtain the effect of seeing the big from the small, thus obtaining rich landscapes. This treatment is of universal significance in Suzhou gardens, and it is also the same feature of Suzhou gardens.
3. Flowers and trees win
Humble Administrator's Garden is known as an "excellent tree". Come down in one continuous line for hundreds of years. Two-thirds of the early thirty-one scenes of Wang Humble Administrator's Garden are based on plant themes, such as peach blossom slices, "Peach blossoms are planted on the shore and flowers are like clouds"; Zhuxi, "there are thousands of beautiful bamboos in Jiaxi" and "the scenery is very quiet"; Yaopu has hundreds of books and flowers. "It's not fair to return to the pastoral home, but to brush the ground with weeping willows," dense trees and stone moss. "
Every spring, camellia is like fire and magnolia is like snow. Apricot blossoms are in full bloom, "covering the clouds and valleys." The burden of summer. The hibiscus trees in autumn overlap like brocade curtains. In winter, old Mei Yan bends back and forth. She is proud of the frost. There are Pan Hongxuan, Zhimeiting, Bamboo Fragrant Gallery, Bamboo Post, Zitengwu, Zhanhua Zhangjian and other landscapes.
As of 20 14, Humble Administrator's Garden still maintains the tradition of winning by plant landscape, with lotus, camellia and rhododendron as three famous characteristic flowers. There are only 23 landscapes in Central China, of which 80% are mainly plants.
Extended data:
The Humble Administrator's Garden, located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, was built in the early years of Zheng De in the Ming Dynasty (65438+the beginning of the 6th century) and is a masterpiece of classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called the four famous gardens in China.
Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City (Northeast Street 178). Up to 20 14, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (about 5.2 hectares).
The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with pavilions, lush flowers and trees, and has strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town. The garden is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The east garden is spacious, the middle garden is the essence of the whole garden, and the west garden is beautifully built and has its own characteristics.
Garden South is a residential area, reflecting the typical pattern of traditional houses in Jiangnan area. There is also Suzhou Garden Museum in Yuannan, which is the only garden museum in China.
196 1 March, Humble Administrator's Garden was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, 199 1 March, and was listed as a national characteristic tourist spot by the State Planning Commission, the Tourism Bureau and the Ministry of Construction.
1997 UNESCO approved its inclusion in the World Heritage List. In 2007, it was rated as the first batch of national AAAAA-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration.
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