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Mingming Mausoleum is the joint tomb of Emperor Xian Zhu Youqi and Queen Xian of Emperor Ruizong of Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Youqian was the fourth son of Zhu Jianshen, Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty, half-brother of Zhu Youtang, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, and uncle of Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty. Born in 1476 (the second day of July in the twelfth year of Chenghua), his biological mother was Zhu Jianshen's concubine Shao. In 1487 (July 11th, the 23rd year of Chenghua), he was granted the title of King Xing, and in 1494 (September 18th, the 7th year of Hongzhi), he transferred to Guang'an Luzhou (today's Zhongxiang City). He died in 1519 (June 17, the 14th year of Zhengde) at the age of 44. Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, gave him the posthumous title of "Xian", selected an auspicious site in Songlin Mountain, established a cemetery according to the prince's regulations, and buried him on the third day of April the following year. In 1521 (March of the 16th year of Zhengde), Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, died without an heir. According to the legacy of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, "brothers will eventually become brothers", Zhu Houcong, who was newly crowned King Xing, was welcomed to Beijing to succeed the emperor. , for Ming Shizong. After Zhu Houcong ascended the throne, he established his own heir system. Regardless of the objections of his courtiers, he pursued his biological father Zhu Youji as the emperor. In 1521 (October of the 16th year of Zhengde), Zhu Youqi was honored as the "Xingxian Emperor"; in 1523 (the 2nd year of Jiajing), he "ordered the Xingxian Emperor's temple to be used for worship for eight hundred people"; in 1524 (March of the 3rd year of Jiajing) he was He was honored as "Emperor Xian". In July, the emperor was enshrined in Guande Hall, the east room of Fengxian Hall, with the title of "Huang Kao Gong Mu Xian Emperor". In September, he was renamed "Huang Bo Kao" in honor of Emperor Xiaozong; in 1526 (September of the fifth year of Jiajing) "Feng An Gongmu presented the emperor and the god to the temple; in 1538 (September of the seventeenth year of Jiajing), the temple was named "Ruizong"; in 1548 (the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing) congratulations to the emperor and the god It was put into the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
After Zhu Youqi was honored as emperor, the original tomb of King Xingxian was upgraded and renovated according to the regulations of the imperial mausoleum. In 1523 (April of the second year of Jiajing), the original tomb of King Xingxian was restored. The black tiles were replaced with yellow glazed tiles, and the Shenlu Bridge was built. In 1524 (March of the third year of Jiajing), the Wang Tomb was officially renamed Xianling. "I begged for permission to build more mausoleums in Tianshou Mountain", but Zhao Huang, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, admonished him on the grounds that "the system of mausoleums should be commensurate with the mountains and rivers, and it may not be the same." However, Zhu Houcong personally recommended it, and in 1527 (the sixth year of Jiajing's reign) December), "ordered to build Xianling Mausoleums like the Seven Tombs of Tianshou Mountain", repaired the Baocheng and Baoding, rebuilt the Xiangdian, added the Fangcheng Ming Tower, the Ruigong Shengde Stele Tower, the Dahongmen, and in front of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate Lookout pillars and 12 pairs of stone statues were built on both sides of the sacred road, and large-scale reconstruction began in 1531 (February of the 10th year of Jiajing). Songlin Mountain was renamed "Chunde Mountain" and monuments and pavilions were erected. In 1532 (October of the 11th year of Jiajing), the reconstruction project came to an end. In 1538 (December of the 17th year of Jiajing), Zhu Houcong's biological mother, the Empress Dowager Zhangsheng, died of illness. Zhu Houcong went to Changping Tianshou Mountain in Beijing in person. At the foot of Yushan Mountain, Ji Di was prepared to move the Xianling Tomb to the north, and he ordered Wuding Marquis Guo Xun and Ministry of Industry Minister Jiang Yao to supervise the construction of the new mausoleum, "in order to welcome the Emperor Kaozi Palace to move here." However, from 1524 ( Since the third year of the Jiajing reign, the proposal to relocate the Xianling Mausoleum to Tianshou Mountain has been opposed by the courtiers and the Empress Dowager Zhangsheng. This made Zhu Houconn worried. After returning to the palace from Dayu Mountain, he decided to go south to the Xianling Mausoleum with his mother's coffin. In the first month of the first month, Zhu Houcong visited Chengtian Mansion in the south. Because "there is water in the Xuan Palace of Xianling Mausoleum", he also issued an order to the Ministry of Rites: "The emperor examined the Xianling Mausoleum. In the past, the construction was narrow. Although there were attempts to add repairs, there were still many unnamed buildings. I hereby go down to the mausoleum, inspect the mountains and rivers with all the ministers on the left and right, and predict the good omens, and rebuild the Xuan Palace, so as to properly test the emperor's concubine's spirit in the infinity. After arriving at the Xianling Mausoleum to pay a visit, he "rided to the mausoleum mountain and stood in the north of Huangkao's mausoleum... ordering the camp to be changed." In the same month, Gu Lin, the left minister of the Ministry of Industry, and others were ordered to supervise the work, according to the "diagram" designated by Zhu Houhuang. "The new Xuan Palace was built, and a tall masonry platform called "Yao Terrace" was used to connect the old and new treasure cities, forming an unprecedented special pattern among the imperial mausoleums of the Ming Dynasty. In 1539 (March of the 18th year of Jiajing), Zhu Houcong returned to Beijing after his southern tour. In April, he inspected the Dayu Mountain Mausoleum. After comparing the feng shui situation with the Xian Mausoleum, he concluded that "the valley is empty and desolate, but it is not as perfect as Chunde Mountain. He decided to use his previous advice and drive to Nanyuan with kindness." The Dayu Mountain Underground Palace became vacant. In May, Shizong sent Cui Yuan, the Marquis of Jingshan, to escort his mother's coffin to Nanyuan. In July, he was buried in the Xianling Xinxuan Palace in the 21st year of Jiajing's reign. As the Xianling Guards, more than 1,200 people including the regular army Li Maocai were ordered to build the Xianling Hall. Huang Jin, the eunuch of the inner palace, and Lu Jie, the right minister of the governor of Huguang, were sent to supervise the project.
After that, the construction of Xianling Mausoleum continued. In 1554 (April of the 33rd year of Jiajing reign), an order was issued to rebuild the Xiangdian Hall, that is, the Ming'en Hall "Rujingling System". The project was supervised by Lu Xun, the right minister of the Ministry of Industry and the right censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In 1556 (July of the 35th year of Jiajing reign), an order was issued to repair the left corner gate of the second red gate of the Xianling Mausoleum, the sidewalk, the imperial bridge, and the wall. The expansion project was not completed until 1559 (September of the 38th year of Jiajing reign). In 1566 (September of the 45th year of the Jiajing reign), Zhang Shouzhi, the left minister of the Ministry of Works, was sent to rebuild the Ming'en Hall, and the construction of the Xianling Mausoleum came to an end.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Xianling Mausoleum was destroyed. According to Tanqian's "Guoque", in 1642 (December of the 15th year of Chongzhen), "Li Zicheng arrived at Chengtian. ... Attacked Xianling Mausoleum and burned it. Temple", the wooden structure of the ground building was partially destroyed.
In the Qing Dynasty, Xianling Mausoleum received certain protection due to the intervention of local officials. There is a stone tablet from the Xianfeng period in the Xianling Mausoleum, which records a notice from local officials asking the township to protect the Xianling Mausoleum.
The reason is: After Zhu Youqi was honored as emperor, the original tomb of Prince Xingxian was upgraded and rebuilt accordingly according to the regulations of imperial mausoleums. In 1523 (April of the second year of Jiajing), the original black tiles of King Xingxian's tomb were replaced with yellow glazed tiles, and Shenlu Bridge was built. In 1524 (March of the third year of Jiajing reign), the Wang Tomb was officially renamed Xianling. In August of the same year, Yang Bao, the eunuch of the Xianling Mausoleum, invited Chong to comment that "the gates and walls of the mausoleum are small in size, and he begged to take advantage of the system of the tombs in Tianshou Mountain to be rebuilt." Zhao Huang, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, said that "the system of the mausoleum should be commensurate with the landscape, and it may not be the same." To stop. However, Zhu Houcong personally recommended him, and in 1527 (December of the sixth year of Jiajing reign), he "ordered the construction of Xianling Mausoleums like the Seven Tombs of Tianshou Mountain", repaired the Baocheng and Baoding, rebuilt the Xiangdian, and added the square city Ming Tower and the Rui Palace. Large-scale renovations began, including the Gongshengde Stele Tower and Dahongmen, as well as the construction of lookout pillars and 12 pairs of stone statues on both sides of the sacred road in front of Longfeng Gate. In 1531 (February of the 10th year of Jiajing reign), Songlin Mountain was rescued and named "Chunde Mountain", and a monument and pavilion were erected. In 1532 (October of the 11th year of Jiajing), the reconstruction project came to an end. In 1538 (December of the 17th year of Jiajing), Zhu Houcong's biological mother, the Empress Dowager Zhangsheng, died of illness. Zhu Houcong personally went to Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing, and determined the auspicious soil at the foot of Dayu Mountain southwest of Changling, preparing to move the Xianling Tomb to the north, and ordered Wuding Marquis Guo Xunhe, Minister of Industry and Industry, Jiang Yao and others supervised the construction of the new mausoleum, and "wanted to welcome the Emperor Kaozi Palace to move here." However, since 1524 (the third year of the Jiajing reign), the proposal to relocate the Xianling Mausoleum to Tianshou Mountain has been opposed by the courtiers and the Empress Dowager Zhangsheng. This made Zhu Houconn have long-standing scruples. After returning to the palace from Dayu Mountain, he decided to enshrine his mother's coffin. They went south and were buried together in the mausoleum. In the first month of the following year, Zhu Houcong visited Chengtian Mansion in the south. Because "there was water in the Xuan Palace of the Xianling Mausoleum", he also issued an order to the Ministry of Rites: "The emperor examined the Xianling Mausoleum. In the past, the construction was narrow. Although there were attempts to add repairs, there were still many unfinished works. I hereby bow to you. At the foot of the Xianling Mausoleum, I went around the mountains and rivers with the left and right ministers to divine good omens, and rebuilt the Xuan Palace, so that the emperor could test the emperor's concubine's spirit in the infinity. To the north of the mausoleum... I ordered to change the camp." That month, Gu Lin, the left minister of the Ministry of Industry, and others were ordered to supervise the construction of the new Xuan Palace according to the "diagram" designated by Zhu Houcong, and used a tall masonry platform called "Yao Terrace" to connect the old and new treasure cities, forming the Ming Dynasty An unprecedented special pattern in the imperial mausoleum. In 1539 (March of the 18th year of the Jiajing reign), Zhu Houcong returned to Beijing after a tour to the south. In April, he inspected the Dayu Mountain Mausoleum. After comparing the feng shui situation with the Xian Mausoleum, he concluded that “the valley is empty and desolate, and it is not as perfect as Chunde Mountain; I decided to use the previous discussion and drive to the south with kindness." The Dayu Mountain Underground Palace became vacant. In May, Shizong sent Cui Yuan, Marquis of Jingshan, to escort his mother's coffin to Nanyuan. In July, she and Zhu Youqi were buried together in Xianling Xinxuan Palace. In 1542 (the 21st year of Jiajing's reign), the Jingzhou left guard was changed to the Xianling guard, and more than 1,200 regular soldiers including Li Maocai were used to fill it. In September, he ordered the construction of the Xianling Hall of Xianling, and sent the eunuch Huang Jin, the eunuch of the inner palace, and the right minister Lu Jie, the governor of Huguang, to supervise the project. After that, the construction of Xianling Mausoleum continued. In 1554 (April of the 33rd year of Jiajing reign), an order was given to rebuild the Xiangdian Hall, that is, the Ming'en Hall "Rujingling System". The project was supervised by Lu Xun, the right minister of the Ministry of Works, and the right censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. In 1556 (July of the 35th year of Jiajing reign), an order was issued to repair the left corner gate of the second red gate of the Xianling Mausoleum, the sidewalk, the imperial bridge, and the wall. The expansion project was not completed until 1559 (September of the 38th year of Jiajing reign). In 1566 (September of the 45th year of the Jiajing reign), Zhang Shouzhi, the left minister of the Ministry of Works, was sent to rebuild the Ming'en Hall, and the construction of the Xianling Mausoleum came to an end.
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